• Title/Summary/Keyword: Marine invertebrates

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First Record of the Interstitial Annelid Pharyngocirrus uchidai (Annelida: Saccocirridae) from Korea, Confirmed by Topotypic DNA Barcoding Data from Japan

  • Park, Jiseon;Kajihara, Hiroshi;Jung, Jongwoo
    • Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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    • v.35 no.1
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    • pp.33-36
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    • 2019
  • The marine interstitial annelid Pharyngocirrus uchidai(Sasaki, 1981) has been only known from Japan. In this study, we report the occurrence of P. uchidai for the first time in four localities along the eastern coast of Korea: Bukmyeon, Gamchu, Gase, and Oeongchi. Species identification was confirmed by comparison of DNA barcoding sequences with morphological examination from the type locality, Oshoro, Japan. We generated a total of 25 sequences of a partial segment (580 bp) of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene (COI), representing five specimens from each locality. Maximum intra-specific variation was 1.2% in terms of Kimura two-parameter (K2P) distance, observed between two individuals each from Gamchu (i.e., between two specimens from the single locality), Gamchu and Oeongchi, Gamchu and Oshoro, and Oeongchi and Oshoro. On the other hand, an identical haplotype was found in all the five localities, substantiating our species identification for the Korean populations. Inter-specific K2P distance between P. uchidai and an unidentified Saccocirrus sp. from Canada (based on public database entries) was 22.4-23.4%.

Molecular Identification and Expression of Myosin Light Chain in Shortspine Spurdog (Squalus mitsukurii)

  • Kim, Soo Cheol;Sumi, Kanij Rukshana;Sharker, Md Rajib;Kho, Kang Hee
    • Journal of Marine Life Science
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    • v.3 no.1
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    • pp.1-8
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    • 2018
  • Myosin is considered as the vital motor protein in vertebrates and invertebrates. Our present study was conducted to decipher the occurrence of myosin in dog fish (Squalus mitsukurii). We isolated one clone containing 979 bp cDNA sequence, which consisted of a complete coding sequence of 453 bp and a deduced amino acid sequence of 150 amino acids from the open reading frame with molecular weight, isoelectric point and aliphatic index are 16.72 Kda, 4.49 and 78.00, respectively. It contained 428 bp long 3' UTR with single potential polyadenylation signals (AATAAA). The predicted EF CA2+ binding domains were identified in residue 6-41, 83-118 and 133-150. A BLAST search indicates this protein exhibits a strong similarity to whale shark (Rhincodon typus) MLC3 (91% identical) and also house mouse (Mus musculus) MLC isoform 3f (81% identical). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that this protein is a MLC 3 isoform like protein. This protein also demonstrates highly conserved region with other myosin proteins. Homology modeling of S. mitsukuri was performed using crystal structure of Gallus gallus skeletal muscle myosin II based on high similarity. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (PCR), quantitative PCR results exhibits dogfish myosin protein is highly expressed in muscle tissue.

Biosystematic Studies on the Marine Fouling Invertebrates in Korea- A Systematic Study on the Ascidians from Chundo Island(Onsan Bay), Korea- (한국 해산 오수무척추동물의 생물계통학적 연구 - 춘도(온산만) 해초류의 분류 -)

  • 노분조;최병래;송준임
    • Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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    • v.12 no.3
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    • pp.221-235
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    • 1996
  • The ascidians of Chundo Island are identified into 15 species, 8 genera, 6 families. Among them two species are found to be new to Korean fauna. They are Ascidia sydneiensis Stimpson and Ascidia zara Oka. They are described with figures, and the other species are provided with remarks.

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TEM Observation Studies on the Chemoautotrophic Symbiotic Bacteria of Invertebrates Inhabiting at Vents and Seeps

  • Kim, Dong-Sung;Ohta, Suguru
    • Ocean and Polar Research
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    • v.22 no.1
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    • pp.1-13
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    • 2000
  • Chemoautotrophic symbiotic bacteria of organisms inhabiting the hydrothermal vent and cold seep communities in the deep-sea were histologically examined using a transmission electron microscopy on symbionts of Calyptogena sp. A from the site east off Miyako (water depth at 1,700m), Calyptogena sp. B from the Calyptogena Site, vestimentiferan tube worm Lamellibrachia sp. A from Sagami Bay Lamellibrachia sp. B from Calyptogena Site of the Iheya Ridge, pogonophoran tube worms from Sagami Bay and Calyptogena Site of the Iheya Ridge, Bathymodiolus spp. from Sagami Bay, the Iheya Ridge and the North Fiji Basin. Based on the morphological microscopic observations, two species of Calyptogena from Miyako and the Iheya Ridge, two species of vestimentiferan tube worms from Sagami Bay and the Iheya Ridge, and pogonophoran tube worms from Sagami Bay and the Iheya Ridge observed to host sulfur-oxidizing symbiotic bacteria. The occurrence of chemosynthetic symbionts in these organisms was expected beforehand based on the ecological observations of their habitats. Other members of these groups from the world oceans, and the recent advances in the symbiosis at vents and seeps were reviewed.

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The Thermal Effects on the Mortalities in Several Marine Invertebrates in the Air (해산 무척추동물의 치사율에 대한 온도의 영향)

  • 이춘구;이정배
    • The Korean Journal of Zoology
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    • v.8 no.2
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    • pp.80-84
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    • 1965
  • 본 실험은 몇 가지 해산 무척추동물, Crassostrea gigas (THUNBERG) , Musculus senhousia (BENSON), Adula atrata(LISCHKE), Littorina brevicula (PHILIPPI) 그리고 BALANUS amphitrite communis (DARWIN) 의 치사율에 대한 온도의 영향을 밝히고저 실시한 것이다. 1. 온도 35$^{\circ}C$와 -5$^{\circ}C$는 상기한 오종의 동물에 대하여 치명적이 아니었다. 2. 본 실험에서 오종의 치사율은 -2$0^{\circ}C$에서 가장 높았다. 3. 동일 온도일 경우 수중에서 보다는 공기 중에서 굴의 생존능력이 더 높았다. 4. 온도가 매우 높거나 낮지 않더라도 반복해서 처리하는 것은 해산 동물에 보다 치명적인 영향을 준다. 그 이유는 그들이 먼저 번의 상해를 회복할 만한 충분한 시간을 가질 수 없기 때문이다. 5. M.Senhousia 는 처음에는 B.amphitrite 보다 저항력이 강하지만 다음에는 B.amphitrite 보다 빨리 저항력을 잃는다. 6. 본 실험에서 얻은 치사율의 계열은 다음과 같다. M.senhousia > B.amphitrite> C.gigas> L.brevicula > A.atrata.

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A New Species of the Genus Pseudodiaptomus(Copepoda, Calanoida) from Korean Estuarine Waters with Remarks on its Molecular Variation

  • Soh, Ho-Young;Suh, Hae-Lip
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Fisheries Technology Conference
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    • 2001.05a
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    • pp.471-472
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    • 2001
  • Recently many studies show that genetic characters can be used to provide unambiguous taxonomic discrimination when morphological characters are not practical for routine identification to species level (Bucklin et al., 1996, 1998; Lindeque et al., 1999). The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of the nuclear ribosomal DNA are also one of appropriate markers for species-level studies because it contains sufficient diversity to address intra- and interspecific phylogenetic relationships in invertebrates (Odorico and Miller,1997; Schizas et al., 1999). (omitted)

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Distributional Pattern of Macrobenthic Invertebrates on the Shallow Subtidal Sandy Bottoms near Kangrung, East Coast of Korea (동해 강릉 연안의 사질 퇴적물에 서식하는 대형 저서무척추동물의 분포양상)

  • Je, Jong-Geel;Lee, Jae-Hac;Lim, Hyun-Sik;Choi, Jin-Woo
    • The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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    • v.5 no.4
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    • pp.346-356
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    • 2000
  • This study was carried out to investigate the distribution pattern of macrobenthos in the subtidal sandy bottoms of the east coast of Korea, and seasonal samplings were performed from April 1993 to February 1994. The species number of macrobenthos was in the range from 70 in winter to 109 in spring season. Polychaete worms were the most dominant faunal group in species richness and abundance, but mollusks showed the highest biomass. The mean density of macrobenthos fluctuated from 631 individuals/m$^2$ in autumn to 1,995 individuals/m$^2$ in summer. The major macrofauna in abundance were polychaetes, Spiophanes bombyx which occurred all seasons with top rank and Prionospio sp. and a mollusk, Alvenius ojianus, and crustaceans, Wecomedon sp. and Urothoidae spp. were also numerically dominant macrobenthic fauna. The macrobenthos in the study area were classified into two assemblages by water depth. However, they showed a different community structure near small rivers in autumn and winter seasons.

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Structural Similarity and Expression Differences of Two Pj-Vg Genes from the Pandalus Shrimp Pandalopsis japonica

  • Jeon, Jeong-Min;Kim, Bo-Kwang;Kim, Young-Ji;Kim, Hyun-Woo
    • Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.14 no.1
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    • pp.22-30
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    • 2011
  • Vitellogenin (Vg) is the precursor of vitellin (Vn), which is the major yolk protein in nearly all oviparous species, including fish, amphibians, reptiles, and most invertebrates. It is one of the most important factors during reproduction, and numerous studies have shown that Vg genes are markers of the reproductive cycle and effecter genes induced by endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Previously, we isolated two distinct cDNAs encoding vitellogenin homologs Pj-Vg1 and Pj-Vg2 from Pandalus shrimp Pandalopsis japonica. In this study, full-length genomic sequences of Pj-Vg1 and Pj-Vg2 were determined using a PCR-based genome walking strategy. Isolated Pj-Vg1 and Pj-Vg2 genes were 11,910 and 11,850 bp long, respectively. Both Pj-Vg genes had 15 exons and 14 introns, and the splicing sites were also the same, suggesting that they arose via gene duplication. The similar structural characteristics of decapod Vg genes suggest that they are all orthologs that evolved from the same ancestral gene. Analysis of Pj-Vg1 and Pj-Vg2 expression revealed that the relative copy numbers of Pj-Vg1 and Pj-Vg2 were similar in the hepatopancreas, whereas Pj-Vg2 transcripts were also detected in the ovary. Expression of both Pj-Vg genes was induced in hepatopancreas of mature individuals, whereas only Pj-Vg2 transcripts were upregulated in the ovaries from mature animals, suggesting that both Pj-Vgs are important for oocyte development. A strong positive correlation was found between Pj-Vg1 and Pj-Vg2 transcripts in the same individual, indicating they are under the same control mechanisms. Additionally, a positive correlation was found between ovarian and hepatopancreatic Pj-Vg2 transcripts, suggesting that its dual expression is regulated by similar physiological conditions. Knowledge of the similarities and differences between the two vitellogenin-like genes, Pj-Vg1 and Pj-Vg2, would help us to understand their roles in reproduction and other physiological effects.

Foodweb of Aquatic Ecosystem within the Tamjin River through the Determination of Carbon and Nitrogen Stable Isotope Ratios (탄소 및 질소 안정동위원소비를 이용한 탐진강 수생태계 먹이망 연구)

  • Gal, Jong-Ku;Kim, Min-Seob;Lee, Yeon-Jung;Seo, Jin-Won;Shin, Kyung-Hoon
    • Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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    • v.45 no.2
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    • pp.242-251
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    • 2012
  • To investigate foodweb of aquatic ecosystem in the Tamjin River, carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes ratios of aquatic organisms, as well as environmental indicators based on the water, were determined in this study. Various organisms such as fishes (Coreoperca kawamebari, Zacco platypus, Cobitis lutheri, and Pungtungia herzi) and periphyton (epilithon and epiphyte), and particulate- and coarse particulate organic matters (POM and CPOM) were collected in upper (Tamjin River, Yuchi Stream, and Omcheon Stream) and lower (TJ-1~TJ-5) reaches of Jangheung Dam. The nitrate concentration and ${\delta}^{15}N$ signature of POM and organisms (invertebrates and fish) were found to be more enriched toward the downstream section of the river. It was determined that allochthonous matter occurring from a tributary alters the chemical character of water, as well as the isotopic signature of organisms contained therein. Attached algae (ephilithon) were identified as a base component of the benthic foodchain further downstream.

Contents of Heavy Metals in Marine Invertebrates from the Korean Coast (한국 연안산 해산 무척추동물의 중금속 함량)

  • Mok, Jong-Soo;Lee, Ka-Jeong;Shim, Kil-Bo;Lee, Tae-Seek;Song, Ki-Cheol;Kim, Ji-Hoe
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.39 no.6
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    • pp.894-901
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    • 2010
  • To measure the heavy metal contents of marine invertebrates, we collected 239 individuals representing 52 species from the eastern (Pohang), western (Gunsan), and southern (Tongyeong) coasts of Korea: 34 species of molluscan shellfish (Gastropoda and Bivalvia), 6 species of Cephalopoda, 8 species of Crustacea, and 4 other species. The mean levels of the heavy metals in the samples taken from the edible portion of each Gastropoda were high in the order of Zn ($21.471\;{\mu}g/g$), Cu ($4.115\;{\mu}g/g$), Mn ($0.868\;{\mu}g/g$), Ni ($0.254\;{\mu}g/g$), Pb ($0.238\;{\mu}g/g$), Cd ($0.154\;{\mu}g/g$), and Cr ($0.110\;{\mu}g/g$). The heavy metals in the Bivalvia were high in the order of Zn ($35.655\;{\mu}g/g$), Mn ($5.500\;{\mu}g/g$), Cu ($3.129\;{\mu}g/g$), Cd ($0.423\;{\mu}g/g$), Ni ($0.402\;{\mu}g/g$), Cr ($0.233\;{\mu}g/g$), and Pb ($0.232\;{\mu}g/g$). The heavy metals in the Cephalopoda were high in the order of Zn ($18.380\;{\mu}g/g$), Cu ($3.594\;{\mu}g/g$), Mn ($0.630\;{\mu}g/g$), Cr ($0.150\;{\mu}g/g$), Pb ($0.068\;{\mu}g/g$), Cd ($0.034\;{\mu}g/g$), and Ni ($0.030\;{\mu}g/g$). The heavy metals in the Crustacea were high in the order of Zn ($25.333\;{\mu}g$/g), Cu ($9.042\;{\mu}g/g$), Mn ($0.659\;{\mu}g/g$), Cr ($0.592\;{\mu}g/g$), Cd ($0.207\;{\mu}g/g$), Pb ($0.126\;{\mu}g/g$), and Ni ($0.094\;{\mu}g/g$). Therefore, the mean levels of the harmful heavy metals (Cd and Pb) in marine invertebrates were high in the order of Bivalvia>Crustacea=Gastropoda>Cephalopoda. The average daily intakes of the heavy metals from the fisheries products were as follows: Cd ($6.88\;{\mu}g$), Cr ($19.13\;{\mu}g$), Cu ($137.02\;{\mu}g$), Mn ($156.13\;{\mu}g$), Ni ($11.39\;{\mu}g$), Pb ($7.01\;{\mu}g$) and Zn ($1,025.94\;{\mu}g$). The average weekly intakes of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn from the fisheries products were 11.47%, 0.46%, 3.27% and 1.71% respectively, as compared with PTWI (Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intakes) established by FAO/WHO Expert Committee for Food Safety Evaluation.