• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.584-590
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• 2009

The effects of different washing time and pH adjustment of surimi-like materials from pork leg on quality characteristics were investigated. Surimi was made from pork leg by washing two or four times with water, as well as by pH adjustments of 3.0 or 11.0. The control surimi was made by two times washing from Alaska pollock. The content of crude protein was higher in the surimi manufactured from pork leg with pH adjustments. The highest gel strength was found in the control, and the control had greater lightness and whiteness value. The control had higher texture attributes than the other samples, whereas the surimi from pork leg made by a pH 11.0 adjustment had higher texture attributes than the pH 3.0 adjustment. The sensory color was higher in the control compared to other surimi samples, whereas aroma was lower in the control. However, there were no significant differences in overall acceptability among the surimi samples.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 1992.12a
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• pp.33-66
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• 1992

Recently, waste landfills built on seashores have been increased because of the easy availability of broad area near the urban communities. To evaluate the performance of the marine clay landfill liner numerical contaminant transport analyses are performed by selecting the typical section of a waste landfill built on seashores and using hydraulic conductivity data obtained from the site. Also, the laboratory electrical resistivity test and the in-situ corrosion test are performed in order to analyze the influence of the soil and leachates composing the landfills on the construct ion materials. From the results of contaminant transport analyses, it is shown that the leachates can be migrated faster through narrow pervious channels than the wide homogeneous pervious tedium and the importance of good quality barriers to prevent the contaminant migration is recognized. In the laboratory electrical resistivity test all the earth materials except the cover soils saturated with distilled water have small resistivities, which shows a high potential of corrosivity of soils composing landfills. However, the degree of corrosion of specimens buried in the landfills was not so severe except the zinc and carbon steel specimens. This apparently conflict results present the necessity of the investigation of other major factors and the long term in-situ corrosion test.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.343-352
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• 2019

For quality control and the economical design of grouted sand, the prior establishment of the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) estimating formula is very important. This study aims to develop an empirical UCS estimating formula for grouted sand based on the physical properties of sands and the UCS of cured pure grout. Four sands with varying particle sizes were grouted with both microfine cement and Ordinary Portland cement. Grouted specimens were prepared at three different relative densities and at three different water-to-cement ratios, and unconfined compression tests were performed. The results demonstrate that UCS of grouted sand can be expressed as the power function of the UCS of cured pure grout: $UCS_{grouted\;sand}/1MPa=A_{soil}{\cdot}(UCS_{pure}/1MPa)^N$. Because the exponent N strongly depends on the combination of pore area and pore size, N is expressed as the function of porosity (n) and specific surface ($S_a$). Additionally, because $S_a$ determines the area of the sand particle that cement particles can adsorb and n determines the number of cementation bondings between sand particles, $A_{soil}$ is also expressed as the function of n and $S_a$. Finally, the direct relationship between $A_{soil}$ and N is also investigated.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2023.11a
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• pp.140-142
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• 2023

Federated learning (FL) is a new paradigm in machine learning (ML) that enables multiple devices to collaboratively train a shared ML model without sharing their local data. FL is well-suited for applications where data is sensitive or difficult to transmit in large volumes, or where collaborative learning is required. The Internet of Underwater Things (IoUT) is a network of underwater devices that collect and exchange data. This data can be used for a variety of applications, such as monitoring water quality, detecting marine life, and tracking underwater vehicles. However, the harsh underwater environment makes it difficult to collect and transmit data in large volumes. FL can address these challenges by enabling devices to train a shared ML model without having to transmit their data to a central server. This can help to protect the privacy of the data and improve the efficiency of training. In this view, this paper provides a brief overview of Fed-IoUT, highlighting its various applications, challenges, and opportunities.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.274-281
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• 1996

To prepare edible skin gelatin of conger eel such as material fur quality improvement of surimi gel, the defatted skin was limed with 1% calcium hydroxide at $5^{\circ}C$ for 2 days, washed thoroughly with tap water, extracted with 8 volumes of distilled water to dehydrated skin for 2 hours at $50^{\circ}C$. The gelatin extract was centrifuged, filtered and then passed through anion(Amberlite 200C) and cation (Amberlite IR 900) resins. The purified gelatin solution was evaporated and dried by hot-air blast$(40^{\circ}C)$. The gelatin prepared by above condition had the highest quality as revealed by physical property values i.e. 240.5 g in gel strength, $28.0^{\circ}C$ in melting point and $28.0^{\circ}C$ in gelling point. Funtional property values were 56.8% in solubility, 1.8 ml/g in oil binding capacity, 55.0% in emulsifying capacity and 48.5% in emulsifying stability. jelly strength and senso교 evaluation of surimi gel from fish with red muscle were not improved by addition of emulsifying curd from conger eel skin gelatin as emulsifier. Therefore, the conger eel skin gelatin requires a suitable modification of functional group and improvement of processing operation to utilize as a material for quality Improvement of surimi gel.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.367-373
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• 2010

When the numerical analysis is carried out, it is necessary to set proper elements as a feature of analysis domains for more accurate simulations. In this study, Distinct Element Method(DEM) is applied, only considering repulsive force and tensile force except for frictional force and resisting force of particle. When the filled particles with initial Quad-tree type is relocated by DEM, a blank space existing among the particles can be minimized because the shape of particle is circular. Finally, it is the effective feature that the centroidal disposion of the particles is similar to an equilateral triangle. Triangular mesh are formed by using the Delaunay triangular technique on these relocated particles, the quality of triangular mesh is more improved by carrying out Laplace interpolations. The compared result of Aspect Ratio before and after the Laplace interpolation is shown that although the quality of triangular mesh made by DEM is good, the later triangular mesh are higher quality than the formers. In this study, although the developed technique takes a longer calculational time than the previous technique to generate triangular mesh, it is considered that the applicable possibility is very high in the generation of finite element mesh about wave analysis and various numerical simulation to need a complex or reappearance of exact topography.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.135-145
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• 2020

Wave observation is widely used to direct observation method for observing the water surface elevation using wave buoy or pressure gauge and remote-sensing wave observation method. The wave buoy and pressure gauge can produce high-quality wave data but have disadvantages of the high risk of damage and loss of the instrument, and high maintenance cost in the offshore area. On the other hand, remote observation method such as radar is easy to maintain by installing the equipment on the land, but the accuracy is somewhat lower than the direct observation method. This study investigates the data quality of MIROS Wave and Current Radar (MWR) installed at Dokdo and improve the data quality of remote wave observation data using the wave buoy (CWB) observation data operated by the Korea Meteorological Administration. We applied and developed the three types of wave data quality control; 1) the combined use (Optimal Filter) of the filter designed by MIROS (Reduce Noise Frequency, Phillips Check, Energy Level Check), 2) Spike Test Algorithm (Spike Test) developed by OOI (Ocean Observatories Initiative) and 3) a new filter (H-Ts QC) using the significant wave height-period relationship. As a result, the wave observation data of MWR using three quality control have some reliability about the significant wave height. On the other hand, there are still some errors in the significant wave period, so improvements are required. Also, since the wave observation data of MWR is different somewhat from the CWB data in high waves of over 3 m, further research such as collection and analysis of long-term remote wave observation data and filter development is necessary.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.223-233
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• 2007

For this study, we analyzed spatial and temporal patterns of trophic state and water quality over the period of $2002{\sim}2005$, using the water chemistry dataset obtained from the Korea Rural community & Agriculture corporation. Most reservoirs, based on TN, showed eutrophic (about 88% of the total). About 20% of agricultural reservoirs, based on TP, showed eutrophic after the criteria of OECD (1982), while 71% and 3% were Hesotrophic and oligotrophic, respectively. Seasonal variations were evident due to the intense monsoon rain during July${\sim}$August; conductivity, COD, SS, nutrients, and chlorophyll-${\alpha}$ (CBL) increased in the postmonsoon compared to the premonsoon. TP values had positive functional relations with conductivity, COD, and CHL values. COD and SS peaked during the intense monsoon. Mean values of TP and CHL values were two times greater in the intense monsoon than the weak monsoon. The increased TP was probably due to inorganic suspended solids from point and non-point sources during the monsoon. Ratios of TN : TP had strong in- verse relations ($R^2$=0.843, p<0.001, n=34) with TP, but not with TN (p>0.05, n=34). Log10-transformed CHL increased with TP in most P-limited reservoirs $(Log_{10}TP=0.5{\times}Log_{10}CHL+0.086)$. Similarity analysis, based TN, TP, and CHL showed that three groups were separated at 90% similarity level; One group was reservoirs with high salinity nearby the seawater, and the other two groups were reservoirs with a low salinity of the inland, and intermediate salinity, respectively.

• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.79-83
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• 2006

Displayed result that handle particle contaminant and hydrospace organism included in number of ballast that is happened in ship using automatic bade washing filter. Reason that remove first contaminant that is included in number of ballast is that heighten processing effect of after processing process. of the filter. Another advantage is to drop off the solids with controlling revolution of drum screen in pretreatment filtration process. The fact that it is easy to attach and detach a several type of screen for getting the expected water quality is another advantage. Filter rotation speed at 1.0rpm is filter resistance 3.0bar and 3.0rpm is filter resistance 2.8bar. Filter out impurities from ballast water over 6.0rpm is filter resistance 26bar and 10rpm is filter resistance 2.5bar. Filtration system removal aquatic organism over $80{\mu}m$ in ballast water. This study shows that the filtration treatment system has a potential for the treatment of ballast water.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.89-97
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• 2017

Butanol has an ability to improve the ignition quality due to its lower latent heat of vaporization; it has an advantage to reduce a volume of a fuel tank because its energy density is higher than that of ethanol. Also, butanol-diesel oil blending quality is good because butanol has an effect to prevent the phase-separation between two fuels. Even if the blended oil contains water, it can reduce the corrosion of the fuel line. Thus, it is possible to use butanol-diesel oil blended fuel in diesel engine without modification, and it may reduce the environment pollution due to NOx and particulate and the consumption of diesel oil. Therefore, some studies are being advanced whether butanol is adequate as an alternative fuel for diesel engines, and the results of the combustion and exhaust gas emission characteristics are being presented. Though the injection and spray characteristics of butanol are more important in diesel combustion, the has not yet dealt with the matter. In this study, the influence in which differences of physical properties between butanol and diesel oil may affect the injection and spray characteristics such as injection rate, penetration, spray cone angle, spray velocity and process of spray development were examined by using CRDI system, injection rate measuring device and spray visualization system. The results exhibited that the injection and macroscopic spray characteristics of two fuels were nearly the same.