• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.73-79
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• 1995

Incidents of seafood and massive fish kills have been rapidly increasing in both frequency and geographical distribution and the socioeconomic impacts brought by those incidents. However, the biological origins of those marine toxins have not been well clarified. Most of the marine organisms investigated are filter-feeder, which accumulate toxins from their food and/or their symbiotic microalgae. We have examined the action on rabbit platelets of marine toxins isolated from cultured dinoflagellates and sponge collected at Okinawa. Maitotoxin (MTX) is a water-soluble toxin isolated from the cultured dinoflagellate Gambierdiscus toxicus which causes a seafood poisoning in tropical regions. Zooxanthellatoxin A (ZT-A) was isolated from exteracts of cultured symbiotic dinoflagellate Symbiodinium sp. (socalled zooxanthella) from flatworms of the genus Amphiscolops collected at Okinawan marine sponge Theonella sp. MTX caused a disaggregation and a dissolution of large aggregates. ZT-A caused a dissolution of small aggregates followed by a increment of light tranmission. TZ-A caused an initial and transient shape change followed by a sustained aggregation and a increment of large aggregates. In conclusion, marine toxins exert unique patterns on the light trasmission and the size of aggregates in rabbit platelets by their concentrations and kinds

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.140-143
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• 2007

우리나라 고유 담수 어종인 쉬리(Coreoleuciscus splendidus; Cyprinidae)를 대상으로 세포크기, 염색체 수 분석, 핵형 분석, 세포당 DNA 함량 조사 등 세포유전학적 연구를 실시하였다. 쉬리 암,수의 염색체 modal number는 모두 2n = 48로 나타났으나 암,수간 형태가 다른 성염색체(sex chromosome)가 관찰되었다. 쉬리 암컷은 10쌍의 중부염색체, 6쌍의 차중부염색체, 8쌍의 차단부염색체 그리고 XX 염색체로 나타났고, 반면 수컷은 10쌍의 중부, 6쌍의 차중부 및 8쌍의 차단부염색체와 함께 XY 성염색체를 나타냄으로써 전형적인 XX-XY의 성 결정 기작(sex determination mechanism)을 갖는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 쉬리는 1쌍의 Ag-NOR을 차단부 상동염색체에 갖고 있었고, 쉬리의 세포당 평균 DNA 함량은 flow cytometry 분석을 통해 2.4 pg/cell로 나타났다. 적혈구 세포 크기를 분석을 통해 핵 용적을 평가한 결과 암수 모두 $28\;{\mu}m^3$를 나타내었다. 본 세포유전학적 분석 결과를 통해 본 어종은 진화과정 중 여러 잉어과 어류에서 관찰되는 배수성에 의한 진화 보다는 유전자 재조합 등 점 돌연변이가 진화가 기본 기작이었을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국해양환경ㆍ에너지학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.153-165
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• 2014

이산화탄소 포집 및 저장기술(CCS: Carbon dioxide Capture and Storage)은 이산화탄소($CO_2$: Carbon dioxide)를 저감하여 기후변화에 대응하는 방법의 하나로 인식되고 있다. 국내에서는 해양지중저장을 통해 $CO_2$의 영구적인 격리를 목표로 연구를 진행하고 있다. 하지만, 이론적으로 안전한 해저 지층구조에 이산화탄소를 저장한다하더라도 CCS 사업과정 또는 중장기적인 지질학적 구조 변형으로 인해 저장된 $CO_2$가 해양환경으로 누출 될 가능성이 존재하기 때문에 CCS 사업 추진과정에서 환경 및 생태계 안전에 대하여 많은 관심을 기울여야한다. 만약에 $CO_2$의 누출이 발생할 경우 일차적으로 해수 및 해양퇴적물 내 공극수의 pH를 낮추게 될 것이며, 이로 인해 해양 생물은 부정적인 영향을 받을 수 있다. 따라서 해양생태계를 보호하고 안전한 해양지중저장을 위해서는 이산화탄소에 노출된 해양생물의 영향 정도를 파악하고, 정량적인 생태위해성평가를 통해 합리적인 생태영향기준을 마련하는 것이 CCS 기술의 실용화를 위해서 매우 중요한 요소라 할 수 있다. 이러한 배경하에서 본 연구에서는 누출된 $CO_2$로부터 해양생태계 보호를 위한 생태영향기준 마련을 위해 $CO_2$ 노출에 따른 생물영향 자료를 기반으로 종민감도분포(SSD: Species Sensitivity Distribution)를 이용해 해양생물보호를 위한 pH 변화수준(${\delta}pH$)을 추정하여 정량적 생태위해성평가 기반의 잠정기준을 도출하였다. 정량적 생태위해성평가를 위한 생물영향자료는 미생물, 갑각류, 극피동물, 연체동물, 환형동물, 어류 등 다양한 해양생물에 대한 $CO_2$ 노출영향 평가연구자료를 비교 분석하여 확보하였다. 해양생물에 대한 $CO_2$ 노출영향 pH 범위는 6.61~8.22 이었으며, 수집된 자료로부터 무영향관찰농도(NOEC: No Observed Effect Concentrations)를 추정하고 종민감도분포를 이용하여 상위 95%의 생물종을 보호할 수 있는 ${\delta}pH$ 0.137을 추정하였다. 추정된 ${\delta}pH$는 불확실성을 고려하여 평가계수(assessment factor)를 이용하여 보정하거나, 보정없이 생태영향기준(pH 변화수준)으로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대한다. 다만 본 연구에 활용된 생물영향자료가 국내 서식생물 또는 $CO_2$ 저장후보지의 지역 특이적인 생물에 대한 자료가 충분하지 않아 명확한 안전수준으로 활용되기에는 제한될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 추후 생물영양단계 및 지역특이적으로 서식하는 생물에 대한 충분한 생물영향자료의 보강을 통해 이러한 단점을 보완할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제25권10호
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• pp.499-516
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• 2022

Endobiotic microalgae inhabit various groups of organisms, including bivalves. In this group, the association between the giant molluscs Tridacna and Symbiodinium is one of the most recognizable. This consortium allows hydrobionts to survive in oligotrophic waters by regulating their metabolism. The available research has provided an understanding of the interaction and adaptation of these symbionts, but the problem of the beginning of the formation of these relationships remains unresolved. In the case of Tridacninae, symbiosis is essential for the survival of bivalves, in contrast to representatives of the Mytilidae and the Coccomyxa found in them. A few works devoted mainly to the morphological aspects of invasion have shown that endobiont causes inflammation and pathology. Having data to clarify the exact "diagnosis" of the interaction of these organisms is not enough. It is possible that the relationship between bivalves and Coccomyxa is in the early stages of being established, which may lead to mutualism or parasitism in the future. We assume that the analysis of works on the symbiosis of Symbiodinium and bivalves will facilitate the course of research for the less studied Coccomyxa and their hosts. By postulating the Coccomyxa represent a unique evolutionary model for the formation of a symbiotic system, it is possible to use this system to study the interaction of organisms during their initial contact. The identified signalling pathways and mechanisms that allow the photobionts to evade host immunity can be useful for constructing new forms of symbiosystems.

• 한국해양바이오학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.40-47
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• 2006

Large scale marine biodiversity studies in China have been carried out for more than half a century since the founding of the Institute of Oceanology, CAS, in 1950. Through a series of coastal and multi-disciplinary oceanographic investigations in the shelf seas and biodiversity studies since the late fifties, a total of 20,278 species of marine biota have been recorded upto 1994. Recent intensive studies have further revealed the richness of marine biota of the China seas,a great number of marine species have been found and many new taxa established. The total species number of main biotic groups increased about 50 % of that estimated in 1994. The results have promoted the fast development of China's marine fisheries, medicine (drug) and biodiversity research, and attracted many scientists, particularly bio-technologists, to join their studies. Environmental deterioration and human activity strongly stressed the sustainable development and conservation of marine bio-diversity, and resulted in the increase of end angered species as record ed in the new published ${\ll}$China Species Red List${\gg}$ with the threatened category of species assessed by adopting the new IUCN criteria. To further reveal the high diversity and their history, present status and future of marine organisms existed in the world ocean, an international Project ${\ll}$Census of Marine Life (CoML)${\gg}$ was established in 2000 in the USA. Scientists predicted that 2 to 3 times of numbers of the known species will possibly be found in various marine habitats, particularly the abyssal ocean. The Research Plan and the Projects were briefly introduced, and the relationship between marine biodiversity and biotechnology was discussed. The Project planned to apply new and high techniques and new equipments on board research vessel and in laboratory. Brief review of recent advances of Chinas' marine biodiversity and biotechnology studies indicated that fascinate results have been achcieved; but further effort should be made to promote the continuous advance of our basic researches and their application in related production and maintain sustainable development.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.519-528
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• 2003

Species composition and community structure of marine benthic community were studied in the intertidal zone of Jijindo Island, Gwangyang Bay. A total of 85 species of benthic marine plants including the 5 Cyanophyta, 9 Chlorophyta, 13 Phaeophyta, 56 Rhodophyta and 2 Magnoliophyta that were listed. The community structure was represented by Gelidium divaricatum in the upper zone, Celidium divalicatum and Ulva pertusa in the middle, and Ulva pertusa, Chondria crassicaulis, Chondracanthus intermedia and Sargassum thunbergii in the lower intertidal zone. The dominant species in the rnscro-zoobenthic community were Chthamalux challengeri in the upper and middle, Littorina brevicula between the upper and middle, and Mytilus edulis and Crassostrea gigas in the middle and lower intertidal zones. The economic benthic organisms such as Undaria pinnatifida, Mytilus edulis, and Crassostrea gigas found in the lower intertidal zone were frequently disturbed due to their collection by local resident. Therefore, it is necessary to record the correct information pertaining to these cases. The species diversity indices estimated kom different sources were quite different. They were 2.22 derived from frequency, 1.67 based on coverage, 2.17 based on sum of frequency and coverage and 2.04 derived from importance value. Species diversity and number of algal species in Gwangyang Bay have noticeably decreased, compared with their previously reported status. It is estimated that their decreases were caused by changes in the marine environment, especially pertaining to the polychaete community resulting from reclamation and dredging activity undertaken for the industrial development.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.14-19
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• 2012

There are insufficient data to consider the effect zone for the marine life of coastal fisheries, because no standard has been defined for the sound level of marine life. In this study, equations for distance attenuation were used to determine the effect zone for oceanic noises. A reference noise level was divided into 4 parts to consider the characteristics of the fishes, and the effect zone of each reference noise level was determined. To increase the reliability of the effect scope, approximately 100 repetitions of blasting work split into several parts by the boring depth, the sound level of the source caused by an increase in weight, and the effect zone were calculated using the prediction equation. According to the prediction, the maximum distance of the effect zone was 4.92 km.

• 한국해양바이오학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.115-122
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• 2020

Eisenia bicyclis, a perennial macroalga is a primary producer of in the ocean, It has been identified as a key species that plays a vital role in maintaining the ecosystem stability. Also, it is an important target in marine afforestation projects and useful marine organisms. In addition, E. bicyclis is used as a health food for humans. This study investigated the effect of water temperature, light (photon irradiance), and duration of light (photoperiod) on the growth of gametophytes and young sporophytes of E. bicyclis. The germination and growth of the zoospores of E. bicyclis were examined at five temperatures (5℃, 10℃, 15℃, 20℃ and 25℃), four intensities of photon irradiance (10, 20, 40, and 80 μmol m-2s-1), and photoperiods (14:10 and 10:14 light/dark cycles). The zoospores released from mature plant germinated into the gametophytes under all experimental conditions. The gametophytes were able to grow at water temperature 5℃-25℃ and mature at 10℃-20℃. The optimal range of water temperature for the maturation of the gametophyte was 15℃-20℃. At 25℃, E. bicyclis gametophytes grew rapidly but did not mature. The optimal culture conditions for the growth of young sporophytes grew slowly in low temperature and photon irradiances.

• 보존과학연구
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• 통권7호
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• pp.246-264
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• 1986

Micoromorphological alterations of sea-waterlogged woods by marinemicro-oragnisms were investigated by the light and scanning electron microscopy as a part of serial investigations on the shipwrecked materials which were excavated at the sea shore of Wando-Kun, southern coast of Korea in 1984.Deterioration of sea-waterlogged wood by marine microorganisms were varied with the wood species. The degree of deterioration even in the same wood specieswas different according to the part where it was in mud of sea-water. However, the resistance of Torreya nucifera over the marine organisms was marked. Deterioration in cell wall may be classified into three types; thinning of cell wall, separation of secondary wall from compound middle lamella and tunneling of cell wall. Thinning and separation were frequently observed, while the tunneling was rare. Among the wood cell elements of hardwoods, vessel wall was the least deteriorated. The difference degree of degradation of cell wall constituents and the accumulation of inorganic substances in cell lumen indicate that some factors to be considered for the conservation treatment were discussed. The kinds of marine microorganisms invading and/or inhabiting in wrecked wooden ship were also discussed.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.53-58
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• 2013

The active antifouling compounds coumarin and its derivatives were isolated from the cinnamon tree Cinnamomum loureiroi. The antifouling activities were determined using representative soft fouling organisms: the seaweed Ulvapertusa and diatom Navicula annexa. The chemical constituents with antifouling activities were identified as coumarin, hydroxylcoumarin, coumaric acid, and cinnamaldehyde by interpreting nuclear magnetic resonance, and high-resolution mass spectroscopy data. These compounds were isolated from 1.09 g of crude Cinnamomum sp. methanol extract, yielding approximately 18.4, 6.3, 9.8, and 14.7 mg of coumarin, hydroxylcoumarin, coumaric acid, and cinnamaldehyde, respectively. The compounds inhibited U. pertusa zoospores with $EC_{50}$ values of $0.13-0.25{\mu}g/mL$, and the diatom N. annexa with $EC_{50}$ of $0.21-0.81{\mu}g/mL$.