• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.173-176
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• 2021

Basal cell carcinoma is a malignant epithelial neoplasm of the skin and the most common human skin cancer. It is generally associated with a good prognosis. In this case report, a giant basal cell carcinoma of the nodulo-ulcerative type showing wide ulceration with marginal multiple small nodules, is presented. It was trapezoidal in shape, having dimensions of 7 cm at the greatest basal width, 6 cm vertically with different anterior and posterior margin dimensions, and 5 cm horizontally at the top margin. After wide excision of the lesion including 5-10 mm safety margins, the wound was reconstructed with a local skin flap and split-thickness skin graft. The reconstructed wound healed well without recurrence for 1 year.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국추진공학회 2004년도 제22회 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.513-520
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• 2004

A steady-state/transient performance simulation model was newly developed for the propulsion system of the CRW (Canard Rotor Wing) type UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) during flight mode transition. The CRW type UAV has a new concept RPV (Remotely Piloted Vehicle) which can fly at two flight modes such as the take-off/landing and low speed forward flight mode using the rotary wing driven by engine bypass exhaust gas and the high speed forward flight mode using the stopped wing and main engine thrust. The propulsion system of the CRW type UAV consists of the main engine system and the duct system. The flight vehicle may generally select a proper type and specific engine with acceptable thrust level to meet the flight mission in the propulsion system design phase. In this study, a turbojet engine with one spool was selected by decision of the vehicle system designer, and the duct system is composed of main duct, rotor duct, master valve, rotor tip-jet nozzles, and variable area main nozzle. In order to establish the safe flight mode transition region of the propulsion system, steady-state and transient performance simulation should be needed. Using this simulation model, the optimal fuel flow schedules were obtained to keep the proper surge margin and the turbine inlet temperature limitation through steady-state and transient performance estimation. Furthermore, these analysis results will be used to the control optimization of the propulsion system, later. In the transient performance model, ICV (Inter-Component Volume) model was used. The performance analysis using the developed models was performed at various flight conditions and fuel flow schedules, and these results could set the safe flight mode transition region to satisfy the turbine inlet temperature overshoot limitation as well as the compressor surge margin. Because the engine performance simulation results without the duct system were well agreed with the engine manufacturer's data and the analysis results using a commercial program, it was confirmed that the validity of the proposed performance model was verified. However, the propulsion system performance model including the duct system will be compared with experimental measuring data, later.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.113-119
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• 2012

Purpose: The aim of this study is to compare the characteristics of tumor and prognosis, depending on the status of resection margin involvement, on the frozen section diagnosis in gastric cancer. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted retrospectively, in 83 margin-positive patients on the frozen section diagnosis, who underwent gastrectomy from July 1995 to September 2006. The control group was selected by matching the age, gender, TNM stage and status of adjuvant chemoradiotherapy, among those who had shown clear resection margins. The characteristics of tumor and patient survival are investigated, and they were analyzed between the two groups. Results: The tumor size was significantly larger in the study group than that of the control group (P=0.037). There was significant difference between the two groups in location of the tumors (P=0.003). Multivariate analysis indicated that only the location and Lauren's classification are independent factors, which affected the resection margin involvement. Median survival was $41.0{\pm}11.5$ months in the study group and $93.0{\pm}30.3$ months in the control group (P=0.049). In the survival analysis, it was investigated that TNM stage and the resection margin involvement of the frozen section diagnosis were the critical variables. Conclusions: When the tumor is located at the middle or the upper third, or the Lauren's indeterminate type, they are highly likely to show the resection margin involvement on the frozen section diagnosis, and it can, therefore, have negative effects on the prognosis. It is considered as good to perform more extensive resection as possible, during the initial resection.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2008년도 추계학술대회A
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• pp.287-292
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• 2008

The applicability of stainless steel type 316N to the PZR surge-lines of OPR1000 and APR1400 is investigated. So far, strainless steel type 347 has been used for the OPR1000 surge-lines. The degree of improvement in the leak-before-break(LBB) and component design margin is evaluated when stainless steel type 347 is substituted by type 316N. For the study, the tensile and J-R tests on type 316N and type 347 stainless steels were performed at 316 and the microstructure of both types was examined. Stainless steel type 316N shows the higher values on the stress-strain curves, J-R curves and stress intensity, Sm, compared to those of type 347. Therefore, stainless steel type 316N ensures the higher LBB and component design margins. As a result, this study shows that stainless steel type 316N could substitute type 347 for the surge-lines of OPR1000 and APR1400.

• 대한정형외과학회지
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• 제56권6호
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• pp.498-503
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• 2021

목적: 컴퓨터 단층 촬영 영상을 이용하여 한국인에서 상완골 근위부 골절 치료에 적용되는 직선형 전향적 상완골 골수 내 금속정의 이상적 삽입점 위치를 알아보고 해부학적 적합성을 분석하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: 2014년 5월부터 2016년 10월까지 견관절 외상으로 컴퓨터 단층 촬영을 시행한 환자 중 건측 견관절을 동시에 촬영한 한국인 74예를 대상으로 하였으며, 평균 나이는 64.5세(범위, 22-95세)였다. 영상의학적 평가는 건측 근위 상완골의 컴퓨터 단층 촬영 영상을 이용하여 다면 재구성(multiplanar reconstruction) 기법을 이용하였다. 직선형 골수정의 이상적 삽입점은 상완골 골수강 내 중심축과 상완골두가 만나는 점으로 선정하였으며 삽입점과 국소 해부학적 위치와의 거리를 측정하였다. 삽입점에서 극상건 부착부의 가장 내측까지의 관상면상 거리를 임계거리(critical distance)로 정의하고 이를 이용하여 삽입점과 회전근개 부착부와의 근접성을 평가하였다. 회전근개의 손상을 피하고 충분한 고정력을 얻기 위한 임계거리는 Euler 등이 제시한 대로 8mm 이상 확보 되어야 하며, 8 mm 미만인 경우를 위험형(critical type)으로 정의하였다. 임계거리와 성별, 나이, 키, 몸무게, 신체용적지수(body mass index)와의 통계적 유의성을 확인하였다. 결과: 이 연구에서 이상적인 삽입점의 위치는 이두구 외측연에서 시상면상 거리인 전후 거리는 평균 11.5 mm (범위, 4.0-16.6), 대결절의 가장 외측연에서 관상면상 거리인 내외 거리는 평균 20.5 mm (범위, 16.3-27.4)였다. 이상적 삽입점에서 극상건 부착부의 가장 내측까지의 관상면상 거리인 임계거리는 평균 8.0 mm (범위, 4.1-16.6)이며, 임계거리가 8 mm 미만인 위험형(critical type)ㅏ이은 74예 중 41예(55.4%)였다. 결론: 한국인에서 직선형 전향적 상완골 골수 내 금속정의 사용시, 상완 이두구의 외측연에서 후방으로 11.5 mm, 대결절 외측연에서 내측으로 20.5 mm 지점이 평균적인 이상적 삽입점의 위치였다. 하지만 55.4%의 경우에서 이상적 삽입점의 위치로 삽입할 경우 회전근개의 손상을 줄 수 있는 위험형(critical type)이였으므로, 술 전 치료방법의 선택 과정에서 환자 개개인의 해부학적 특성을 충분히 고려하여야 한다.

• 한국ITS학회 논문지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.70-79
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• 2012

FMCW 레이더에서 주파수 램프 신호를 발생시키기 위하여 필요한 타입-3 PLL의 설계 가이드를 제시하였다. 그러기 위해서 개루프 전달함수의 크로스오버 주파수를 1 Hz로 정규화 한 조건에서 Pspice 시뮬레이션을 통하여 폐루프 특성을 비교하였다. 결론적으로 타입-3 PLL의 1) 위상여유는 45도로 하고, 2) 두 개의 영점은 같도록 하며, 3) PLL 차수를 높이기 위한 극점은 개루프 전달함수의 크로스오버 주파수보다 10배 정도 크게 할 것을 권한다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.221-226
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• 1988

Normal swine brains at 1 to 70 days after birth were used to investigate the presence and morphology of the subependymal layer (SL) in the ventricle walls. The brain samples were taken from 27 pigs of 4 swine breeds. The results were summarized as follows: 1. SLs were observed on the walls of the lateral ventricle (LV) but none were observed on the walls of the 3th and 4th ventricles. 2. SLs of the LV walls were composed of mainly 3-to 10-cell layers in thickness. The thinest region of SLs was composed of only 1-to 2-cell thick on the dorsal and ventral walls, and the thickest region was composed of 250-to 300-cell thick on extension region of the SLs into the angle between the corpus callosum and caudate nucleus. 3. Of the LV parts observed, the SL thickness were 25-to 45-cell thick on the anterior horn, 3-to 10-cell thick on the body, 100-to 220-cell thick on the angle region between the corpus callosum and caudate nucleus, and 3-to 5-cell thick the superior walls of the posterior horn. Also the SL thickness was more thick on the anterior region than those on the posterior region. 4. SLs may be classified as three types by the cell distribution; one type of them is closely arranged cell region with the distinctive lateral margin from the periventricular white matter, the other type is loosely arranged cell region with the undistinctive lateral margin, and another type is two-subdivided region as the loosely and closely arranged cell layers in a layer. 5. SLs were extensively thick in young age but gradually decreased in size and cell number with age after 20-day age. SL layers were composed of mainly oligodendrocytes, astrocytes and immature cells of them. Morphological differences of SL in different breeds of pigs were not observed.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.299-312
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to create a shirt sloper suitable for an elderly male body shape by producing virtual models using a 3D-virtualization program, making a torso prototype using the Yuka CAD system, and employing 3D simulation to virtualize and calibrate the model. First, the following three types of obese dummies are implemented through the CLO 3D program: Type 1 exhibits body fat in the lower body; Type 2 exhibits an obese abdomen; and Type 3 displays a balanced form of obesity. Second, for the design of the shirt pattern, the waist back length (measured value+1), back armhole depth (C/10+12+3+0.5~1.5), front armhole depth (back armhole depth 0~1), front interscye (2C/10-1+0.5-0.5), armscye depth (C/10+2+3.5+ 0.5), back interscye (2C/10-1+1), front chest C (C/4+2.5+1), back chest C (C/4+2.5-1), front hem C (C/4+2.5+1(+2)), back hem C (C/4+2.5-1(+2)), cap height (AH/3-5), and biceps width (Front AH-1, Back AH-1) are calculated. Third, the virtual attachment of the shirt pattern is resolved by increasing the front and back armhole depths, and the front and rear wrinkles are improved by adding a back armhole dart. The front hem lift and lateral pull caused by the protrusion of the abdomen are amended by increasing the margin of the chest, waist C, and hip C, with the appearance improved by balanced margin distribution in the front, back, and side panels. The improved retail pattern with an increase in the front armholes C was balanced on the torso plate.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.81-91
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• 2019

In this study, 3D measurement data of 70 to 85 years old men were analyzed to investigate the body shape characteristics. and the type of the whole body of older men. Through this study, we aimed to provide basic data necessary for making good clothes for elderly men. We analyzed the body shape of elderly males using Korea 's 2015 elderly anthropometric data by SPSS Ver. 24.0. The body shape of older males was classified into four types: 'thin & long inverted triangle with thick legs', 'thick & short inverted triangle with bird legs', 'thick & long triangle with thick legs', 'thick & short triangle with thick legs'. As the age increases, the shoulders are sagging, the progressive reduction of the spine leads to a decrease in height, and the backbone refraction causes a decrease in the anterior center length and an increase in the back length. In addition, as the age increases, the chest circumference decreases and the abdomen and waist circumference increase. Considering these physical changes, it is necessary to set the length of the garment to 2-3cm shorter in the case of the aged layer. Waist and abdomen area are increased, it is considered that it will be necessary to add more margin of 2cm than general silver clothing when setting the margin amount. When setting the length of the upper body, it is considered that the front center length should be reduced and the back length should be increased to keep the bottom level. In this study, only the elderly males aged 70-85 years were included in the analysis of the whole body type. It is significant that the studies so far have been extended to those older than 70 years. Future research will need to be applied to the development of silver clothing through comparison of older men 's body shape in their 60s and 70s.

• 한국병원경영학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.118-142
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• 2003

This study is aimed at evaluating the financial structure of hospitals before and after the separation of prescription and drug dispensing policy started to be implemented in July 2000 and at making a suitable hospital managerial strategy through the verification of the factors which have effect on their profitability. This study investigated the hospitals which have passed the accredition review to be designated as a accredited training hospital each year for three years from 1999 to 2001. Those hospitals were selected from members of the Korea Hospital Association. 106 hospitals were targeted for analysis except for the hospitals whose financial statements and managerial performance were not reported faithfully. The financial indicators used in this study were stability indicators(liability to total assets, ratio of debt to fund balance, fixed ratio), liquidity indicators(current ratio, quick ratio), activity indicators(total assets turnover, fixed assets turnover), profitability indicators(net profit to total assets, net profit to net worth, operating margin), and operating expenses to patient revenues indicators(drug and supplies costs/payroll/overhead expenses). The result of this study are as follows: First, the analysis of the increase of loss-making hospitals before and after. The separation of prescription and drug dispensing policy shows that the number of loss-making hospitals increase after the separation(22.6% before the separation; 31.1% after the separation). However, there was no significant statistical difference. Second, the analysis of operating expenses to patient revenues indicators showed that the ratio of drug and supplies cost became lower in all hospitals but the ratio of payroll/overhead expenses became higher. Additionally, the factor which have the greatest effect on profitability was operating expenses to patient revenues indicators (drug and supplies costs/payroll/overhead expenses). Third, the analysis of managerial performance by four types of loss-loss, loss-profit, profit-loss and profit-profit compared the results before the separation with those after the separation revealed as follows : Reliance on liability to total assets became higher in the profit-loss type($56.2%{\rightarrow}66.4%$), lower in the loss-profit type($82.7%{\rightarrow}74.5%$). Total assets turnover became higher in the profit-profit type($1.3{\rightarrow}1.5$), but lower in the loss-profit type($0.8{\rightarrow}0.7$). Operating margin decreased to minus 5.9% from 4.3% in the profit-loss type, but increased to 7.2% from minus 7.8% in the loss-profit type. Forth, operating expenses to revenues indicators showed that the increase of payroll was the biggest in the profit-loss type($39.2%{\rightarrow}49.9%$) and that overhead cost decreased in the loss-profit type but that rather increased in other types.