• Journal of Space Technology and Applications
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.64-75
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• 2021

On the moon as well as the earth, one of the easiest ways to understand geological formation history of any region is to observe the stratigraphy if it is available, the order in which the strata build up. By analyzing stratigraphy, it is possible to infer what geological events have occurred in the past. Mare Nubium also has an unique normal fault called Rupes Recta that shows stratigraphy. However, a rover moving with wheels is incompetent to explore the cliff since the Rupes Recta has an inclination of 10° - 30°. Therefore, a quadruped walking robot must be employed for stable expedition. To exploration a fault with a four-legged walking robot, it is necessary to design an expedition route by taking account of whether the stratigraphy is well displayed, whether the slope of the terrain is moderate, and whether there are obstacles and rough texture in the terrain based on the remote sensing data from the previous lunar missions. For the payloads required for fault surface exploration we propose an optical camera to grasp the actual appearance, a spectrometer to analyze the composition, and a drill to obtain samples that are not exposed outward.

• Korean Architects
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• s.555
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• pp.52-53
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• 2015

• Journal of the korean veterinary medical association
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.36-39
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• 1964

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.115-121
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to ascertain the breeding efficiency in Thoroughbred mare. A total of 106 mares were investigated for the status of follicle (462 cases), ovulation (179 cases) and pregnancy (346 cases). Of total examination, 46.8% was follicle measure to determine breeding time, and mating rate per cases examined was 39.9%. There was no correlation between reproductive results and size of follicles or endometrial edema or degrees of teasing alone. 143 cases were ovulated among 179 cases which were performed ovulation examination, and ovulation rate and fertilization rate per mating times were 79.9% and 39.0%, respectively. The use of hCG(human chorionic gonadotropin), to facilitate ovulation, presented to increase occurrence of double ovulations and twin fertilizations In conclusion, though more examination to estimate the optimal breeding time and higher mating rate was performed, fertilization rate per mating times was lower and then reproductive efficiency also became decreased. Therefore, it seemed that accurate examination of reproductive tracks, appropriate teasing programme and hCG administration before ovulation were of help to improve ovulation rate and fertilization rate.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.55-58
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• 2011

Two 4-day-old Thoroughbred foals with acute clinical signs of depression, elevated pulse and respiratory rates, anemia, and jaundice were referred to the equine hospital of Korea Racing Authority. The foals were seemingly normal at birth, but showed clinical signs such as abnormal behavior, jaundice and anemia suddenly after ingestion of the mare's colostrum, followed by death at 4 days after birth. According to the results of the hematology, serum chemistry analysis, jaundice foal agglutination test, and blood groups test, the foals were diagnosed as neonatal isoerythrolysis (NI) caused by the mare's antibodies. These results suggested that the pregnant mares have a potential for NI.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Veterinary Pathology Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.55-55
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• 2003

Papillary cystadenocarcinoma is an uncommon ovarian neoplasm of domestic animals, with the possible exception of the bitch. In the horse ovary, it is rare as compared with benign epithelial tumors. This case reports the gross and histopathological finding of cystadenocarcinoma in a 10-year-old, clinically healthy Thoroughbred mare. (omitted)

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.105-111
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• 2004

A total of 301 Thoroughbred mares were investigated the characteristics of breeding in the local areas in Jeju during the period from February 2000 to July 2001. The pregnancy rate and foaling rate in 143 mares were 93.0%, 72.0%, respectively, and mean gestational length was 339.3 days in 2000. The pregnancy rate in 158 mares was 86.7% in 2001. Mature follicles were ovulated in right(46.0%), left(45.2%), and bilateral(7.8%) ovary. The incidence of multiple pregnancies in 158 mares between 15 days and 45 days after mating were 89.3%(single), 10.1%(twin), and 0.6%(triple). The incidence of EED was 13.3%. Also uterine cyst and fluid had an bad influence on mare's pregnancy. These results suggest that regular monitoring of the pregnancies and maintaining of good uterine condition improve the pregnancy rates and foaling rates during breeding season.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 1991

Responsiveness of the testis to pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin (PMSG) was studied in immature Nili-Ravi buffalo bulls. Four month old bull calves weighing between 66 to 100 kg raised under uniform condition, were treated with 1000 IU PMSG or vehicle, daily, for six days. PMSG induced an increase in the size of the testis, enlargement of the seminiferous tubules and activation of the spermatogonia. The number of differentiated Leydig cells in the testis of gonadotropin treated animals increased considerably over that of the control testes. A significant increase in plasma testosterone concentrations was observed 24 h following the first injection of PMSG and the levels continued to increase until day 6. In vehicle treated animals plasma testosterone levels remained more or less at pretreatment values. The data suggest that buffalo bull testis is functionally responsive to gonadotropin at an early stage of prepubertal development.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.286-289
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• 2009

Perineal laceration commonly occurs due to dilation of the birth canal at the time of foaling in primiparous mares. A 7-year-old Thoroughbred mare was presented with faecal contamination of the external genitalia. She was having history of constant straining three days after the mare's first foaling. Physical examination revealed the tearing extended from the deep part of vagina through muscles of the perineal body involved rectal floor and anal sphincter. Tentative diagnosed was third-degree perineal laceration therefore one-stage surgical procedure and a modified surgical procedure at three-week intervals was performed. During postoperative care for 3 weeks, soft faces was a key factor in success. After 3 weeks, the patient was recovered to normal condition completely.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.119-122
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• 2003

In order to determine whether foals of move dominant mothers were harassed less by mares than those of lower-ranked mothers, harassment of foals was studied in a herd of Jeju ponies (Equus caballus) consisting of 73 mares, their 53 foals, and one stallion. Mares Harassed the foals on 71 occasions between March to September,1998. The frequency of harassment tended to decrease as foals aged, but the relationship was not significant (P = 0.079). Foals were harassed when sleeping (n = 14), grazing (n = 19), moving (n = 8), approaching a mare in the vicinity (n = 13), or play-fighting with the foal of the harassing mare (n = 17). Mares harassed foals of younger, more subordinate mares than those of older, more dominant mares (P < 0.001). We conclude that early social experience of foals is associated with the dominance rank of its mother.