• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.105-113
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• 2014

Performance tests on $Ni/Ce-ZrO_2/Al_2O_3$ catalysts with additives (MgO, $La_2O_3$) were investigated in the combined reforming processes (SCR, ATR, TRM) in order to produce hydrogen and carbon monoxide (it is called "syngas".). The catalyst characterization was conducted using the BET surface analyzer, X-ray diffraction (XRD), SEM, TPR and TGA. The combined reforming process was developed to adjust the syngas ratio depending on the synthetic fuel (methanol, DME and GTL) manufacturing processes. Ni-based catalysts supported on alumina has been generally recommended as a combined reforming reaction catalyst. It was found that both free NiO and complexed NiO species were responsible for the catalytic activity in the combined reforming of methane conversion, and the $Ce-ZrO_2$ binary support employed had improved the oxygen storage capacity and thermal stability. The additives, MgO and $La_2O_3$, also seemed to play an important role to prevent the formation of the carbon deposition over the catalysts. The experimental results were compared with the equilibrium data using a commercial simulation tool (PRO/II).

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2004.04b
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• pp.38-41
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• 2004

The oxidizer plays an important role in the metal chemical mechanical polishing(CMP) slurry. Currently, the oxidizer used in CMP slurry is nearly divided into several kinds such as $Fe(NO_3)_3$, $H_2O_2$, $KIO_3$, and $H_5IO_6$. It is generally known that oxidizer character of $H_2O_2$ is more effective than other oxidizers. In this work, we have been studied the characteristics for the $H_2O_2$ concentration of copper slurry, which can applicable in the recent semiconductor manufacturing process. Also, it plays an important role in the planarization of copper films using copper slurries during micro-electronic device fabrication. In this work, we confirmed that removal rate of Cu/TaN changed by $H_2O_2$ concentration on copper slurry. And we used $KMnO_4$ in the measurement method of $H_2O_2$. In analysis results, we confirmed that the difference of results is large. We thought that the difference was due to organic component existence. So in titration method of $H_2O_2$ concentration, we used $Na_2S_2O_3$ instead of $KMnO_4$ as solution. Consequently, using the titration method, we could calculate correct data reduced error. And $H_2O_2$ concentration has been adjusted to the target concentration of 0.1 wt%.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.38 no.10
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• pp.1190-1199
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• 2014

As a considerable, experimental approach, an autocarriage type of $CO_2$ welding machine and a MIG(metal inert gas) welding robot in the inert gas atmosphere were utilized in order to realize Al 5083 welding to hull and relevant components of green leisure ships. This study aims at investigating the effect of welding conditions(current, voltage, welding speed, etc.) on thermal deformation that occurs as welding operation and tensile characteristics after welding, by using Al 5083, nonferrous material, applied to manufacturing of eco-environmental leisure ships. With respect to welding condition to minimize the thermal deformation, 150 A and 16 V at the wire-feed rate of 6 mm/sec were acquired in the process of welding Al 5083 through an auto carriage type of $CO_2$ welding feeder. As to tensile characteristics of Al 5083 welding through a MIG welding robot, most of tensile specimens showed the fracture behavior on HAZ(heat affected zone) located at the area joined with weld metal, except for some cases. Especially, for the case of the Al specimen with 5 mm thickness, 284.62 MPa of tensile strength and 11.41 % of elongation were obtained as an actual allowable tensile stress-strain value. Mostly, after acquiring the optimum welding condition, the relevant welding data and technical requirements might be provided for actual welding operation site and welding procedure specification (WPS).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.57 no.6 s.115
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• pp.17-31
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• 2007

Fashion of one period is symbolic and figurative means of expression reflecting spirit, ideology, emotion and aesthetic values of that period. Designs of school uniforms fer girls also went through changes in various shapes along with changes in sociocultural and philosophical backgrounds in each period. Thus, in this study, in examining girls' school uniforms, how girls' school uniforms have evolved with what kind of design characteristics was observed along with process of historical changes, and investigation was made on realistic conditions of girls school uniforms since 1996 when active advancements in school uniform design were started. Also, through examination of girls' school uniform designs from homepage of large student uniform companies and catalogues, characteristics of girls' school uniforms after 1996 were observed. On the result, we could know that girl's school uniforms from 1996 to 2006 were designed in various forms compared to those of the past time and changing Arends of the era were reflected on the school uniform designs. Narrow waistline, shorter blouse, changes in the length of jacket and skirt showed that current school uniform designs pursue the fashionable and trendy designs unlike those of the past times that were uniform and strict. This study include organizing characteristics of girls' school uniform designs by each period, providing fundamental and realistic data for clothes manufacturing and marketing activities through analysis on designs of girls' school uniforms since 1996, and providing directions for future school uniform designs.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.184-191
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• 2012

Aerodynamic analysis(DATCOM) and radar cross section(RCS) analysis(POFACETS) were integrated for the air-to-surface missile concept design using a design framework. The missile geometry was defined based on the CAD(CATIA) for synchronizing the manufacturing with design processes. Aero/RCS analyses were linked with the CAD process under the ModelCenter framework in order to receive the geometry data automatically. The missile design baseline configuration was selected from ROC(requirement of capability). Then the RCS minimization was performed subject to thelargerthebetter constraint of the missile lift-to-drag ratio. This study demonstrated that various design strategies can be performed efficiently about many missile configurations using this design framework in the missile conceptual design phase.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.481-486
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• 1993

A computeized least-cost formulation program was applied to process emulsion-type sausages. The input data in formulation were utilized with the database which had been established in the previous study. The formulation results may provide Korean meat processors with actual examples. Meat-grade system made these examples more useful. The results of manufacturing test were as follows. The actual cohesiveness from manufactured sausages didn't correspond to the predicted values, but increased as the predicted values increased. These gabs caused by the different processing conditions between the model system and the actual processing. Hardness as well as cohesiveness could be used as the desirable index of a sausage texture. Comparing the cohesiveness and hardness of commercial frankfurters with those of test sausages, bind value constraint of $0.16{\sim}0.17$ in this test formula can be utilized for an actual formulation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.190-203
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• 2015

The fashion industry has been rearranged by Global SPA brands (like ZARA and H&M), which are powerful retailers that integrate the value chain ranging from manufacturing to sales. SPA brands can offer good quality of clothing at a reasonable price by cutting the margin between the supply chain. They are also called fast fashions since they make expedited efforts to respond to market trends and consumers. Despite the slow growth of the fashion industry in Korea, as global SPA brands rapidly expand market share, traditional fashion companies have launched several SPA brands such as MIXXO and SPAO (E-LAND), 8SECONDS (CHEIL INDUSTRIES). The few academic studies on this subject are focused on the analysis of secondary data such as news and books. The current research is qualitative and empirical attempts to explore the success factor of SPA brands with analysis of 1:1 in-depth interviews with experts who have worked for global SPAs such as Uniqlo, H&M, and ZARA, based on the grounded theory. The main phenomenon was shown to be that global SPA brands were popular since they offer a variety of products with a large assortment at reasonable and cheap prices in a large scale and multifunctional retail store. Most of them displayed main phenomena that can be realized due to the purchasing cycle of clothing that is shorter with consumers' regarding clothing as consumables. Global SPA brands had three types of marketing strategy: sellable product, sales strategy according to consumer response, and multifunctional stores. Each global SPA brand developed marketing strategies based on core competency and national conditions. The three success factors shorten the consumer decision making process of clothing. This study concludes with implications for practitioners of SPA brands born in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.469-476
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to collect basic data that could be used in the manufacture of two kinds of canned oyster Crassostrea gigas. The steamed oyster was prepared by shucking after boiling for 6 min at $105^{\circ}C$ and then washing and dewatering. The roasted oyster was prepared by baking steamed oyster at $140^{\circ}C$ for 20 min. The manufacturing methods of canned seasoned boiled oyster and canned seasoned roasted oyster were as follows. The boiled or roasted oyster (50 g) was added to a can (RR-90) along with a mixture of seasoning sauce 40 and then seamed using a vacuum seamer under 20 cm Hg after pre-exhausting at $90^{\circ}C$ for 20 min. The two kinds of canned oyster products produced under sterilization of Fo 12 min were tested for cultured bacteria, external appearance, proximate composition, pH, VBN (Volatile basic nitrogen), TBA (Thiobarbiuric aicd) value, amino-N, salinity, color value sensory evaluation, etc. Results showed that the canned seasoned roasted oyster had higher overall acceptability than the canned seasoned boiled oyster. The reason for this was judged to be that the process of roasting at $140^{\circ}C$ for 20 min influenced the sensory evaluation.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.69-83
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• 2019

Purpose - This paper investigates the long term impact of RFID investment on firm value in Korea. We wand to find out why the long term performance of some firm's RFID investment is better than others. To understand the dynamics of the long term returns from RFID investment announcements, we divide our events into groups for each of the independent firm characteristic variable such as investment time period, kind of markets, industries, solvency and growth potential. We composed portfolios based on the RFID investment announcement date for each group and evaluate the monthly abnormal excess returns. Research design, data, and methodology - Based on these calendar-time portfolios, we measure the long term returns from 86 RFID investment announcements of 46 firms from 2003 to 2017. We construct the calendar-time portfolio for 3, 6, 9, 12 months of holding periods. Using the weighted least squares method, we regress the raw monthly returns of the portfolios on the Fama-French model and Carhart(1997) model. As a result, we can get the estimated risk adjusted mean monthly abnormal excess return α_P for each of the calendar-time portfolio. Results - We found that early adopters, large firms, non-manufacturing firms have very significant excess returns. We also found modestly significant excess returns for financially stable firms and slow growing firms. Put together, top managers of the firms which plan to invest RFID should understand the strategic role of RFID adoption and the generalized business process of distribution information technology investment in Korea. Moreover, the findings of this paper provide useful trading strategies to the managers of large funds who are considering on investing in RFID adopting firms. Conclusions - Put together, the results of this paper give us a new insight into how the RFID and IT technology in general and other characteristic factors' interactions affect the long term performance of firms. Using the unbiased estimates of long term returns of the calendar-time portfolios, this paper extends the understandings on short term impact of RFID adoption of existing studies. This paper also extends the current understandings of firm characteristics that affect the long term performance of RFID adopting firms.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.300-312
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• 2014

This study seeks to offer practical suggestions for manufacturing jacket lining patterns through research on menswear brands. A researcher conducted interviews with a survey instrument targeting 12 menswear brands. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics were obtained using SPSS 18.0. The main findings were as follows. First, regarding lining production, most menswear brands were found to provide jacket lining patterns to their subcontractors, and pattern makers were found to design lining patterns based on their own know-how. The most important factor in the production of jacket lining patterns is whether linings are cut more than once during the sewing process. For suit jackets, linings are cut more than once, and for casual jackets, linings are cut once. Second, with regard to jacket production for different jacket styles, most menswear brands were found to use patterns that include seam allowance. Partial linings showed differences in terms of the methods used to sew edges and attach linings to the outer shell. Third, extra space in jacket lining patterns varied according to style. Jacket lining patterns for suit jackets and casual jackets showed differences in extra space in the following areas: the parts that cover the chest(suit jacket linings: 5.6cm, casual jacket linings: 2.4cm), the parts that cover the waist(suit jacket linings: 3.8cm, casual jacket linings: 1.3cm), hem(suit jacket linings: 2.7cm, casual jacket linings: 1.3cm), and bicep(suit jacket linings: 2.7cm, casual jacket linings: 1.1cm). However, extra space in the sleeve hems was identical for the two styles(suit jacket linings: 0.1cm, casual jacket linings: 0.1cm). Therefore, this research suggests that clothing manufacturers design linings in accordance with the jacket lining production style.