• 한국의류학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.127-138
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• 1991

The aim of the present stud)r has been to obtain new and additional data allolwing a better design of sports garments as well as a better choice among some materiales, through measure-ment of body surface changes in the upper trunk in movement, measurement on the effects of local heating on other parts of the body and measurement of the thermal resistance of 6 types of materials applied on a manikin. In the first experiment, the upper trunk was divided in 32 Parts, the surface of which was measured by the tape method for two upper limb positions: extension at $90^{\circ}$ and $180^{\circ}$. In the second experiment, skin temperature, local thermal sensations and whole body thermal sensation were measured every 5 minutes during 40 minutes. The four areas of the shoulder, abdomen, hande and feet were heated with the hot pack at $50^{\circ}C$. In the third experiment, the regional thermal resistance of the various materials selected, in two different cases of clothing ease, have been measured by using a thermal manikin. Resultes of experiments were: 1. Extensions cause the upper front part of the trunk surface to lengthen vertically while the back tends to stretch in width. 2. Skin temperatures of the upper limbs are influenced by the abdomen and shoulder boatings. The correlation between the whole body thermal sensation and the upper trunk thermal sensation is significantly asserted. 3. Ceramic and aluminium coated materiales offer the most effective thermal resistance; ease in clothing increases the thermal resistance at the breast and the abdomen as well as the clo value of the materials.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.13-17
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to predict a reasonable direction to design a pertinent educational program in the future by evaluating an adult CPR(Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation) skill performed by EMTs engaged in fire services organization and comparing the CPR success rate of factors as like a duty place and licensed year. Methods: We studied CPR skill by the use of a CPR manikin(Skillmeter Resusci Annie, Laerdal company). The study population consisted of 320 EMTs. Every EMT performed four cycle after investigating the manikin for 2 minutes. We regarded chest compression with 100 times in a minute as the 100% success rate. We analysed the skill of chest compression, ventilation and chest compression times success rate by the records printed in the CPR paper. Results: The average success rate of chest compression was 59.42$\pm$29.26% and ventilation 49.22$\pm$29.65%. The success rate of manual CPR was different between chest compression and ventilation. Also the success rate of chest compression times was high relatively as a 87.32$\pm$9.14%(p=0.000). For the CPR skill, ventilation was lowest as 49.22%. The factors such as duty place and licensed year did not influence the CPR success rate (p>0.001). Conclusion: We could have conclusion that CPR training should be shared more time in ventilation than in chest compression. Also we could reach to a conclusion that it is important to increase the times of CPR training for improving the accuracy of CPR and that the continuing education of CPR training frequency might be more than four times in a year.

• Clinical and Experimental Emergency Medicine
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.148-157
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• 2016

Objective Our aim was to compare the compression quality, exercise intensity, and energy expenditure in 5-minute single-rescuer cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) using 15:1 or 30:2 compression-to-ventilation (C:V) ratios or chest compression only (CCO). Methods This was a randomized, crossover manikin study. Medical students were randomized to perform either type of CPR and do the others with intervals of at least 1 day. We measured compression quality, ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) score, heart rate, maximal oxygen uptake, and energy expenditure during CPR. Results Forty-seven students were recruited. Mean compression rates did not differ between the 3 groups. However, the mean percentage of adequate compressions in the CCO group was significantly lower than that of the 15:1 or 30:2 group ($31.2{\pm}30.3%$ vs. $55.1{\pm}37.5%$ vs. $54.0{\pm}36.9%$, respectively; P<0.001) and the difference occurred within the first minute. The RPE score in each minute and heart rate change in the CCO group was significantly higher than those of the C:V ratio groups. There was no significant difference in maximal oxygen uptake between the 3 groups. Energy expenditure in the CCO group was relatively lower than that of the 2 C:V ratio groups. Conclusion CPR using a 15:1 C:V ratio may provide a compression quality and exercise intensity comparable to those obtained using a 30:2 C:V ratio. An earlier decrease in compression quality and increase in RPE and heart rate could be produced by CCO CPR compared with 15:1 or 30:2 C:V ratios with relatively lower oxygen uptake and energy expenditure.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.606-617
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• 2019

The present study newly developed a firefighters' protective jacket and pants using a Nomex honeycomb structured layer (HPC) in cases of being exposed to flashover or flameover. This study evaluated the protective and comfort functions of an HPC compared to the current KFI firefighters' protective clothing (FPC). The results are as follows. First, thermal protective performance (TPP) of fabric layers was 2.75 times greater for HPC than FPC at $125kW/m^2$. Second, the predicted second and third degree burn areas were smaller for HPC than FPC when using a flame manikin. Third, thermal insulation using a thermal manikin was 0.2 clo greater for HPC than FPC. Fourth, there were no marked differences in maximal performance, mobility, and microclimate temperature/humidity between FPC and HPC through human wear trials. The thermal insulation of HPC was higher than that of FPC; however, any negative effect of HPC thermal insulation on the comfort functions for firefighters was not found. In conclusion, the newly-developed HPC provided more protection in reducing burn injuries from $125kW/m^2$, while no negative impact on maximal performance, mobility and thermal comfort functions of firefighters, which is appropriate for quick-evasive tactics at the flashover, flameover or back draft fires.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.173-180
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• 2024

본 연구는 가정용 침대 위에서 발생한 심정지 환자에게 가슴압박을 수행할 경우 환자의 체중과 구조자의 체중에 따른 가슴압박 정확도의 차이를 확인하고자 하였다. 2023년 01월 07일부터 01월 19일까지 대한심폐소생협회의 KBLS 교육과정을 이수한 N대학교와 S대학교의 응급구조(학)과 학생 36명을 대상으로 대상자의 무릎 위치에서 매트리스가 눌리는 깊이, 마네킹의 무게에 의해 매트리스가 눌리는 깊이를 측정하였고, 2분간 연속된 가슴압박을 수행하는 동안 가슴압박 깊이, 속도, 압박 위치 불량, 가슴압박 깊이 50 mm 미만 횟수, 모든 변수를 고려한 정확도를 측정하였다. 연구결과 가정에서 소아 심정지를 발견한 경우 환자를 바닥으로 이동시켜 가슴압박을 진행하고, 성인 심정지를 발견한 최초목격자는 환자를 무리하게 침대 밑으로 내려 가슴압박을 진행하기보다는 침대 위에서 진행하는 것을 권장한다.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제3권5호
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• pp.479-485
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• 2001

This study was to determine the effect of garment closures and layering systems on insulation, using a thermal movable manikin in cold weather conditions. The insulation values of ensembles with opened and closed features were measured, and those of four different layered clothing ensembles were tested while standing and while walking. Our research indicated that when there was an opening involved in design the system, insulation decreased; even a zip-out lining in the armpit affected little. If a light weight jacket and pants are put on over a fleece shirt and pants instead polyester underwear, the amount of insulation increase was 0.43 clo.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.57-69
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• 1999

The primary objective of this research was to suggest the design dimensions of automotive seating package that has an important effect upon seating package design. To conduct the research, a set of manikin dimensions that are representative for Korean was determined by using a statistical scheme. With these dimensions, we generated nine manikins for male and female, respectively. Also, the preferred driving posture was investigated using the experimental setup. To find each joint angle for subjects, a driving monitoring system was developed and a three dimensional motion analysis system was employed. The joint angle for the subject was established and compared with related literature. With the generated manikins and each joint angle, the driving posture was simulated by using SAFEWORK that is a program to generate manikins. The positions and adjustable ranges from the accelerator heel point to the hip point and the steering wheel center point that are important variables in order to design seating package were suggested. Further research is needed to determine the seating package dimensions three dimensionally.

• 한국CDE학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.26-32
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• 1996

신규 차종의 개발시 차량의 exterior/interior의 design concept은 운전석주변의 driving package layout을 어떻게 구성하느냐에 따라 좌우되는 경향이 있다. 그것은 user가 그 차량의 선악의 판단함에 있어서 운전석 주변의 design 및 상품성이 큰 요인으로 작용하여 운전석 주변의 부품과 인간과의 적절한 조화를 이루어야 차량의 concept와 일치하는 최적의 design으로 user의 감성을 얻을 수 있는 것이다. 따라서 본 고에서는 신규 차종의 초기 개발 단계에서 최적의 design 및 상품성을 얻기 위한 보다 효과적인 driving package layout을 설정하기 위해 1차적 3차원 인체모형(3DM, 3-Dimensional Manikin)을 구성하고자 한다. 3DM은 human engineering에 의한 인체 치수와 각 관절의 운동방향 및 범위를 이용하여 인체의 동적 해석을 model을 도상 구현하고 이러한 3DM을 활용하여 조작성, 편의성 등의 package layout을 가시화 해 보고자 한다.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.229-237
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• 1998

The ventilation efficiency of clothing was investigated by a trace gas method using a manikin wearing an impermeable overall under an isothermal condition, where the ventilation occurred only through the openings by diffusion. The ventilation patterns were different for each part of the body. The ventilation efficiency in the clothing microenvironment of the arm and the leg greatly depended on the distance from each opening when the wrist- or the ankle-opening was opened. When both side of wrist- or ankle-openings were opened to provide the opening area double respectively, the ventilation efficiency did not correspondingly increase twice, as compared one side opened. Even though it as certainly affected by the opening area, the ventilation efficiency was more significantly influenced by the position of openings.

• 한국감성과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국감성과학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회 및 국제감성 심포지엄
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• pp.31-34
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 동일한 이미지에서 유도되는 감성적 반응이 색채의 변화에 영향을 받는가에 대하여 살펴보았다. 특히, 이미지의 어의(semantic) 내용에 전형적으로 연상되는 색채와 상반되는 색(보색)이 색조로 적용될 경우, 이미지에 대한 감성적 반응에 변화가 나타나는가에 중점을 두어 진행하였다. 이를 위해 기쁨(Pleasure)과 각성(Arousal)으로 이루어진 감성 축의 각 사분면에 해당하는 감성 이미지들을 International Affective Picture System(IAPS)에서 5장씩 추출하여 이 미지 자극으로 활용하였다. 선택된 이미지는 내용과 전형적으로 연상되는 색, 보색, 그리고 무채색 톤으로 실험에 사용하였으며 각 이미지에 대한 기쁨과 각성에 대한 감성적 반응은 Self Assessment Manikin(SAM)을 활용하여 측정하였다. 실험 결과 이미지의 내용에서 전형적으로 연상되는 색채의 보색이 이미지의 색조로 적용될 경우 감성적 반응이 소극적으로 나타나는 결과가 관찰되었다.