• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.91-97
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• 1996

Lithium is a widely used important drug in the treatment of manic-depressive illness and its prevention of relapse. However, this drug has a Low therapeutic index, therefore, it has many attendant side effects. The most prevalent renal effect of lithium is impairment of concentrating ability and this defect appeared into overt polyuria. A renal lesion is confined to the collecting tubule and 12-20% of patients taking lithium suffer from nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. This nephrogenic diabetes insipidus causes the states of extracellular fluid depletion, hypernatremia and precipitates lithium intoxication. In such situation, symptoms of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus and lithium intoxication are very similar, so we should be very cautious to discriminate them. We herein report a patient characterized by a prolonged stuporous state, hypernatremia and severe nephrogenic diabetes insipidus during lithium therapy.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.99-105
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• 2000

Lithium, a simple monovalent cation, is the mainstay in the treatment of manic-depressive illness, but despite extensive research, its mechanism of action remains to be elucidated. Because lithium requires chronic administration for therapeutic efficacy and because its beneficial effects last well beyond its discontinuation, it has been postulated that lithium may exert major effects at the genomic level. We have previously shown that Yungmijihwangwon (YM) increase TH protein expression through antioxidant activity and unknown effects in vivo. In the pressent study, we have sought to determine if lithium in herbal medicine also increases the expression of endogenous gene known to be regulated by AP-1 and have therefore investigated the effects of herbal medicine on tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) levels. Male mice were treated with LiCl and herbal medicine for 30 days, and TH levels and dopamine level were measured in striatum using immunoblotting and ECD-HPLC. Herbal medicine treatment resulted in statistically nonsignificant increase in TH levels in mouse striatum. The precise therapeutic relevance of these effects is presently unknown.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.215-235
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• 1997

according to study of clinical document in relation to Neuropsychiatric disease in Ancient Chinese(Song, Keum, Won, Myung) clinical document the result were obtained as follows. 1. A main point is Jeul-Jin<切診> in diagnosis, that is Hyun-Maeg<弦脈> is liver disease, Whual Mag<滑脈> is gallbladder disease, Sag Mag<數脈> is fever.2. Doctors in Song<宋>, Keum<金>,Won<元> enumerationed many diseases are cause by emotion.3. Oriental psychotherapy that Diseases caused by surprising must be cure by surprising is like to systematic desensitization in Westem.4. Oriental psychotherapy that pseudopsychosis must be cure by patient rely on doctor is like to suggestive therapy in western.5. It is similar to suggestive therapy in western medicine that Sadness ,anguish and frustration induce disease.6. Headache is caused by fever, energy deficience and angry.7. Imsomnia is not caused by hsart disease, but gallbladder or liver.8. Schizophrenia is caused by shocking and a sort of fever.9. Epilepsy is caused by a sort of fever, shocking and fetal disease.10 Schizophrenia(in case of manic state) is caused by fever and shocking, and imaginary pregnancy is considered as schizophrenia.

• BMB Reports
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• v.49 no.9
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• pp.457-458
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• 2016

Recent studies have strongly implicated postsynaptic scaffolding proteins such as SAPAP3 or Shank3 in the pathogenesis of various mood disorders, including autism spectrum disorder, bipolar disorder (BD), and obsessive-compulsive disorders. Neural Abelson-related gene-binding protein 2 (nArgBP2) was originally identified as a protein that interacts with SAPAP3 and Shank3. Recent study shows that the genetic deletion of nArgBP2 in mice leads to manic/bipolar-like behavior resembling symptoms of BD. However, the function of nArgBP2 at synapse, or its connection with the synaptic dysfunctions, is completely unknown. This study provides compelling evidence that nArgBP2 regulates the spine morphogenesis through the activation of Rac1/WAVE/PAK/cofilin pathway, and that its ablation causes a robust and selective inhibition of excitatory synapse formation, by controlling actin dynamics. Our results revealed the underlying mechanism for the synaptic dysfunction caused by nArgBP2 downregulation that associates with analogous human BD. Moreover, since nArgBP2 interacts with key proteins involved in various neuropsychiatric disorders, our finding implies that nArgBP2 could function as a hub linking various etiological factors of different mood disorders.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.177-193
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• 1998

It was the study on moxibustion-theraphy of Febrile-Disease to use clinical basic material date by the classic Literature, As a result The results were summerised as follows: 1. Principle of moxibustion-theraphy on fever of excess type is 'conducting heat with heat, (heat) had heat go out'. 2. Principle of moxibustion-theraphy on fever of defficiency type is 'Yin grows while yang is generating'. 3. The study on moxibustion-theraphy of Febrile - Disease is enable to use general term for manic-depressive psychosis, heat syndrome of febrile disease, heat (syndrome) of zang and fu(five solid organs and six hollow organs), jaundice, diabetes, hectic fever(due to yin-deficiency) etc. of medcine-disease. 4. The study on moxibustion-theraphy of Febrile-Disease is enable to using carbuncle, cellulitis, phlegmon, urticaria, disease due to noxious agents produced by various parasites, bite by dog, bite by snake etc. of surgical-disease. 5. The study on moxibustion-theraphy of Febrile-Disease is enable to using seven orfices of conjunctival congestion, blepharitis etc, of E.E.N.T-disease. 6. The study on moxibustion-theraphy of Febrile-Disease is enable to using epilepsy, infantile convulsion etc. of infantile-disease.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.130-134
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• 2005

Lithium is mainly prescribed for manic and depressive disorder, also frequently prescribed for the other diseases such as migraine, cluster headache, alcoholism, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. An acute lithium intoxication occurs in cases of patients ingesting large amount lithium at a time, a chronic lithium intoxication occurs in patients on chronic lithium therapy. Acute or chronic lithium poisoning occurs frequently in case of patients on chronic lithium therapy ingesting larger dose than prescribed. Manifestations of lithium poisoning are various. It is possible nervous, cardiovascular, renal, gastrointestinal and endocrine systems to be involved. Due to intracellular high concentration, mortality rate is high in acute lithium intoxication patients on chronic lithium therapy. We report a case of acutely intoxicated 40-year-old male on chronic lithium therapy. His chief complaints were deterioration and high fever. On his arrival to an emergency department, he was in cardiac arrest. He restored return of spontaneous circultion (ROSC) 5 minutes later after cardiopulmonary cerebral resuscitation (CPCR) and referred to department of internal medicine for hemodialysis. Vigorous treatment was given to the patient, but he was expired at 4th hospital day.

• Acta Via Serica
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.107-134
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• 2018

This paper is an art historical attempt to discuss the transfer and transmission of a certain visual idiom along the Silk Roads and to show the multi-dimensionality of the trans-regional, trans-cultural movement. The motifs of grapes and grapevines are discussed here for this purpose, including the grape-and-vine motif mixed with other animated figures and plants. A special emphasis is on China and its reception, but regional varieties within East Asia are also discussed. The motif is one of the most longstanding and versatile visual idioms, widely distributed along the regions of the Silk Roads. This deceptively familiar motif came to China, where grapes and viticulture were introduced far later than the West. The West developed various symbolisms ranging from manic revelry and heavenly unity with mystic beings, to royalty and power in different cultures. In China, this visual idiom was eagerly received in association with something exotic and re-interpreted in the context of Chinese culture. Without active viticulture, the motif transformed itself into beautiful design patterns and space fillers in China and East Asia. The natural appeal of jewel-like grapes acquired new meanings of fertility and happiness in the traditional East Asian cultural context. To see the cultural effect of viticulture on the visualization of this motif, the Islamic reception of the motif is briefly touched upon when countries to the West of China (서역 西域) were fully Islamized and heavily affected by the prohibition of alcoholic drinking.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.267-274
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• 2021

Medical care practices include gathering a wide range of student data that are with manic episodes and depression which would assist the specialist with diagnosing a health condition of the students correctly. In this way, the instructors of the specific students will also identify those students and take care of them well. The data which we collected from the students could be straightforward indications seen by them. The artificial intelligence has been utilized with Naive Baye's classification, Random forest classification algorithm, SVM algorithm to characterize the datasets which we gathered to check whether the student is influenced by Bipolar illness or not. Performance analysis of the disease data for the algorithms used is calculated and compared. Also, a sequential deep learning model is builded using Keras. The consequences of the simulations show the efficacy of the grouping techniques on a dataset, just as the nature and complexity of the dataset utilized.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.58-61
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• 2022

Mega cisterna magna (MCM), one of the members of the Dandy-Walker complex, is a developmental malformation of the posterior fossa that is larger than 10 mm but morphologically does not affect the vermis and cerebellar hemispheres. Reports of psychiatric disorders associated with this anomaly are rare. We present the case of a patient with MCM who presented with a psychotic manic attack and was diagnosed with bipolar disorder. A 28-year-old female, single housewife, university graduate, presented with irritability, decreased sleep and appetite, distraction, and agitation. The patient also had a delusion of reference. In the clinical follow-up, an increase in energy and an increase in the amount of speech were observed. Her neurological examination was normal, and cranial magnetic resonance imaging revealed an MCM. The relationship and clinical significance of MCM with psychosis and mood disorders have not yet been fully elucidated. It is not known whether this association is accidental or based on etiological commonality. The purpose of this case report is to review the relationship between the cerebellum and psychiatric symptoms and to contribute to the literature.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.40-44
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• 2022

Bipolar disorders are a group of mood disorders characterised by relapsing mood episodes throughout the course of illness. Patients with bipolar disorders commonly present with various sleep problems. Patients in a manic episode generally show decreased need of sleep and those in a depressed episode frequently complain about hypersomnia. Current literature even points to evidence that patients with bipolar disorder in euthymic state may still show signs of sleep disturbances when compared to the general population. Clinicians may also note intricate interactions between changes of circadian rhythm and evolution of mood episodes in patients with bipolar disorder. Also, commonly prescribed medications which plays a crucial role in treatment of bipolar disorders including mood stabilisers and antipsychotic medications often cause significant weight gain over time. Being a risk factor of sleep apnoea, weight gain can predispose the patient to develop sleep apnoea. In this narrative review, we summarised current evidence and literature regarding characteristics of circadian rhythm and comorbid sleep apnoea in patients with bipolar disorder. We also present literature regarding implications of circadian disturbance and comorbid sleep apnoea in managing patients with bipolar disorder.