• 한국컴퓨터그래픽스학회논문지
• /
• 제23권3호
• /
• pp.31-38
• /
• 2017

본 논문에서는 도심 영상에 대해 맨하탄 좌표계를 추정하는 합성곱 신경망(Convolutional Neural Network) 기반의 시스템을 제안한다. 도심 영상에서 맨하탄 좌표계를 추정하는 것은 영상 조정, 3차원 장면 복원 등 컴퓨터 그래픽스 및 비전 문제 해결의 기본이 된다. 제안하는 합성곱 신경망은 GoogLeNet[1]을 기반으로 구성한다. 합성곱 신경망을 훈련하기 위해 구글 스트리트 뷰 API로 영상을 수집하고 기존 캘리브레이션 방법으로 맨하탄 좌표계를 계산하여 데이터셋을 생성한다. 장면마다 새롭게 합성곱 신경망을 학습해야하는 PoseNet[2]과 달리, 본 논문에서 제안하는 시스템은 장면의 구조를 학습하여 맨하탄 좌표계를 추정하기 때문에 학습되지 않은 새로운 장면에 대해서도 맨하탄 좌표계를 추정한다. 제안하는 방법은 학습에 참여하지 않은 구글 스트리트 뷰 영상을 검증 데이터로 테스트하였을 때 $3.157^{\circ}$의 중간 오차로 맨하탄 좌표계를 추정하였다. 또한, 동일 검증 데이터에 대해 제안하는 방법이 기존 맨하탄 좌표계 추정 알고리즘[3]보다 더 낮은 중간 오차를 보이는 것을 확인하였다.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
• /
• 제26권6호
• /
• pp.562-573
• /
• 2011

The purpose of this paper was to research the history of Korean restaurants in Manhattan, NY in the 1960's-1970's. These Korean restaurants were the pioneers in the globalization of Korean food. It is assumed that 'Mi Cin' was the first Korean restaurant in Manhattan and opened on March $1^{st}$, 1960. In the 1960's, it is estimated that there were four Korean restaurants in Manhattan. In the 1970's, the number of Korean restaurants increased to more than 18, and their main menu items were divided into three types: Korean fusion menu such as 'Lunch Special' for American customers, beef barbecue menu for American and Korean customers, and Korean traditional menu for increasing Korean immigrants.

• 국제초고층학회논문집
• /
• 제5권2호
• /
• pp.137-144
• /
• 2016

This paper discusses the economics of skyscraper construction in Manhattan since 1990. First the paper reviews the economic theory of skyscraper height. Next it documents the frequency and heights of skyscraper construction in the last 25 years. Then the paper reviews the relative movements of office rents, condominium prices, and construction costs. Statistical results suggest that the resurgence of Manhattan's skyscraper construction is being driving by the rise in the average price of apartments, and is not being driven by rising office rents or falling construction costs. Statistical evidence shows that the height premium has not been rising over the last decade. Developers have been purchasing air rights (and bidding up the prices) in order to satisfy the demand for supertall buildings. In the next five to ten years, Manhattan is likely to see over thirty 200-meter or taller buildings, as compared to only four since 2010.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
• /
• 제11권1호
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2022

Single-view reconstruction (SVR) is a fundamental method in computer vision. Often used for reconstructing human-made environments, the Manhattan world assumption presumes that planes in the real world exist in mutually orthogonal directions. Accordingly, this paper addresses an automatic SVR algorithm for Manhattan worlds. A method for estimating the directions of planes using graph-cut optimization is proposed. After segmenting an image from extracted line segments, the data cost function and smoothness cost function for graph-cut optimization are defined by considering the directions of the line segments and neighborhood segments. Furthermore, segments with the same depths are grouped during a depth-estimation step using a minimum spanning tree algorithm with the proposed weights. Experimental results demonstrate that, unlike previous methods, the proposed method can identify complex Manhattan structures of indoor and outdoor scenes and provide the exact boundaries and intersections of planes.

• 교육시설 논문지
• /
• 제20권2호
• /
• pp.3-14
• /
• 2013

The purpose of this study is to analyze patterns of public school building layout types, open space and relationship with communities in the Manhattan grid plan. The study illustrates how building layout patterns of school facilities are influenced by societal demands in the urban grid environment. During the nineteenth century, the Island of Manhattan was transformed into a physical representation of the Cartesian coordinate system via the development of the grid street plan. In order to take advantage of streets as urban space, it is quite important to understand characteristics of communities and open space relationships between buildings and streets. Moreover, the strategic planning of schools' outdoor space vitalizes public streets as a critical community anchor. This research reviews 118 Manhattan public schools and categorizes them by (1) building layout type, (2) site type, (3) circulation and public open space, which are the biggest factors that determine the layout patterns of the public schools in Manhattan. As a result of analysis, the layout patterns are classified into seven types : "ㅡ", "L", "ㄷ", "ㅁ", "H", "T" and "other" type. Of these, "ㅡ" type and "L" type occur most frequently, because these configurations most flexibly fit into the limited grid-locked blocks, the various types of site & topography, and adapt most dynamically to the open spaces created by using avenues and streets. The ultimate objective of this study is to provide a case study for future efforts to plan open spaces for campuses that effectively utilize the streets in proximity.

• 국제초고층학회논문집
• /
• 제2권4호
• /
• pp.285-291
• /
• 2013

This paper proposes a framework for understanding the energy consumption differences between tall and low-rise buildings. Energy usage data from 706 office buildings in New York illustrates expected correlations from the framework. Notable correlations include: taller buildings tend to use more energy until a plateau at 30~39 floors; tall buildings in Manhattan use 20% more energy than low-rise buildings in Manhattan, while tall buildings outside Manhattan use 4% more energy than low-rise buildings outside Manhattan. Additional correlations are discussed, among which is the trend that the Energy Star program in New York City assigns higher ratings to tall buildings with higher EUIs than low-rise buildings with the same EUI. Since Energy Star is based on regressions of existing buildings, the Energy Star ratings suggest taller buildings have higher EUIs than shorter buildings, which is confirmed by the New York City energy benchmarking data.

• 대한건축학회논문집:계획계
• /
• 제35권2호
• /
• pp.53-62
• /
• 2019

'Delirious New York(1978)' of Rem Koolhaas is not only a historical book but a double code text writing the history of Manhattan in parallel to surrealism. Throughout this book, the surrealist terminologies such as unconsciousness, desire, paranoid, automatism, cadavre exquis etc, are widely used to explain the urban phenomena and buildings of Manhattan. Among these methods, in the fifth chapter, Paranoid critical method(PCM) invented by Salvador Deli, is explained in detail and adapted to Corbusier's project and other architects of Manhattan. Koolhaas connect PCM to the conceptual transposition and draft in architectural thinking. This thesis is to analyse the terms and methods of surrealism and how these methods are used to explain the urban phenomenon of Manhattan in 'Delirious New York'.

• 품질경영학회지
• /
• 제45권1호
• /
• pp.25-38
• /
• 2017

Purpose: Hot strip rolling mill consists of a lot of mechanical and electrical units. In condition monitoring and diagnosis phase, various units could be failed with unknown reasons. In this study, we propose an effective method to detect early the units with abnormal status to minimize system downtime. Methods: The early warning problem with various units is defined. K-means and PAM algorithm with Euclidean and Manhattan distances were performed to detect the abnormal status. In addition, an performance of the proposed algorithm is investigated by field data analysis. Results: PAM with Manhattan distance(PAM_ManD) showed better results than K-means algorithm with Euclidean distance(K-means_ED). In addition, we could know from multivariate field data analysis that the system reliability of hot strip rolling mill can be increased by detecting early abnormal status. Conclusion: In this paper, clustering-based monitoring and fault detection algorithm using Manhattan distance is proposed. Experiments are performed to study the benefit of the PAM with Manhattan distance against the K-means with Euclidean distance.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
• /
• 제10권5호
• /
• pp.201-208
• /
• 2010

이동 Ad Hoc(MANET) 망은 노드들의 이동성으로 말미암아 망 구조가 수시로 바뀌는 동적인 특성을 가지고 있으며 이는 망의 성능 평가나 프로토콜 설계에 많은 도전적인 문제를 야기한다. 우리는 이동성이 망의 성능에 미치는 성능 측도로서 총 경로 붕괴시간, $\sum_{i}T_i$가 개별 연결뿐만 아니라 시스템 전체의 성능을 평가하는 측도로 사용될 수 있음을 보았다. 본 논문에서는 총 경로 붕괴시간 측도를 세 가지 다른 이동성 모델(Random Waypoint, Manhattan, Blocked Manhattan)에 적용하여 각 이동성 모델의 성능을 평가하고, 패킷 전달율, 종단 간 지연 등이 이동성 모델에 따라 왜 달라지는지를 규명하였다. 또한 AODV 라우팅 프로토콜 하에서 경로 붕괴에도 불구하고 AODV Buffer가 패킷전달율을 어떻게 높이고 종단 간 지연을 얼마만큼 증가 시키는지를 해석적으로 분석하였다.

• 한국실내디자인학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국실내디자인학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.193-198
• /
• 2007

The propose of this study analyze an expression method of a surface in commercial buildings, and it is to show an example of a surface design in Manhattan. In particular, I focus on the following three categories : representation element of surface image : materials and structure method, the property of transparency, and an electronic surface and media screen. Unlike the past era in which surface design in commercial buildings was viewed just as a mean ornament, it has become more important in the presently era because diverse expression technologies in surface design makes architects express there creative ideas. Besides, the diversity of surface design expands the concept of cultural space as it provides various graphic element that human desire for multi-cultures. So diversity of surface will accelerate.