• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• 제37권5호
• /
• pp.465-475
• /
• 2021

The aim of this study was to characterize potential fungal species affecting mangrove species in Mexico. The phytopathogens were identified based on morphological and molecular characteristics using internal transcribed spacer (ITS1/ITS4) primers then sequenced and compared with the other related sequences in GenBank (NCBI). Three fungal species were identified as Colletotrichum queenslandicum (Weir and Johnst, 2012) from black mangrove (Avicennia germinans); Colletotrichum ti (Weir and Johnst, 2012) from white mangrove (Laguncularia racemosa) and buttonwood mangrove (Conocarpus erectus); Fusarium equiseti (Corda) from red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle). In addition, C. ti and F. equiseti were identified from mango Mangifera indica L. sampled close by the mangrove area. This study provides first evidence of anthracnose on four mangrove species caused by Colletotrichum and Fusarium species in the "Términos" coastal lagoon in Campeche State southern Mexico. This is the first time that C. queenslandicum and C. ti are reported in Mexico. F. equiseti has not been reported affecting M. indica and R. mangle until the present work. Little is known regarding fungal diseases affecting mangroves in Mexico. These ecosystems are protected by Mexican laws and may be threatened by these pathogenic fungus. This is the first report of the effect of Trichoderma harzianum TRICHO-SIN as an effective biological control against of Colletotrichum and Fusarium species.

• Natural Product Sciences
• /
• 제10권1호
• /
• pp.11-15
• /
• 2004

The leaves of Rhizophora apiculata, a plant belonging to the family Rhizophoraceae were collected from the mangrove forest of Sunderbans, West Bengal, India. Alcoholic extract of the leaves of this plant was prepared and hypoglycemic/anti-hyperglycemic activity was studied in fed rats, glucose loaded rats and streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. The results of this study reveal that this plant extract has potential hypoglycemic action.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• 제52권4호
• /
• pp.393-403
• /
• 2024

As an archipelagic country, Indonesia is surrounded by large and small islands. Many mangrove plant species are found along the coasts surrounding large and small islands. Besides their conservation value, mangrove plants provide various benefits, including the use of their leaves, fruit, bark, and wood as raw materials in pharmaceutical and other industries. Additionally, mangrove wood is a potential raw material for pulp and paper production. It is essential to study the fiber dimensions of the wood to identify the appropriate characteristics of raw material for pulp and paper. Therefore, in this study, we comprehensively analyzed the differences in the wood fiber dimensions of seven mangrove species from the Indramayu Regency, West Java Province, namely Avicennia alba, Bruguiera gymnorhiza, Bruguiera cylindrica, Hibiscus tiliaceus, Sonneratia ovata, Sonneratia caseolaris, and Excoecaria agallocha. For this analysis, maceration followed the Forest Product Laboratory guidelines, and preparation followed the Sass method. The fiber length, diameter, and lumen diameter were measured using a light microscope. Based on the values of the length and dimension derivatives, the fibers of these mangrove wood species were grouped into quality classes II or III for use as raw materials for the pulp and paper industry. The wood fibers of H. tiliaceus, A. alba, S. caseolaris, and E. agallocha met the quality class criterion II, whereas wood species fibers of B. gymnorhiza, B. cylindrica, and S. ovata met the quality class criterion III.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
• /
• 제7권4호
• /
• pp.379-384
• /
• 2007

Two medicinal plant of Sundarbans mangrove forest has been tested for the evaluation of growth inhibitory and antibacterial activity. The methanol extract of Xylocarpus granatum stem bark showed potent wheat rootlet ($IC_{50}=0.01{\mu}g/ml$) and shoot ($IC_{50}=0.23{\mu}g/ml$) growth inhibitory activity in a concentration related manner. The growth inhibitory activity was markedly decreased in residual methanol extract. The methanol extract showed antibacterial activity (MIC > 3 mg/ml) against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureous and Proteus vulgaris. The residual methanol extract did not show any antibacterial activity. The results suggest the bioactive principle(s) of Xylocarpus granatum may be relatively non polar compound(s). The methanol extract and residual methanol extract of Sarcolobus globosus stem showed poor wheat rootlet and shoot growth inhibitory activity and no antibacterial activity.

• 한국식물생명공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국식물생명공학회 2003년도 추계학술대회 발표논문 초록집
• /
• pp.31-32
• /
• 2003

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제19권7호
• /
• pp.675-680
• /
• 2009

There is considerable interest in the isolation of potent radical scavenging compounds from natural resources to treat diseases involving oxidative stress. In this report, four new fungal metabolites including one new bisdihydroanthracenone derivative (1, eurorubrin), two new seco-anthraquinone derivatives [3, 2-O-methyl-9-dehydroxyeurotinone and 4, 2-O-methyl-4-O-(${\alpha}$-D-ribofuranosyl)-9-dehydroxyeurotinone], and one new anthraquinone glycoside [6,3-O-(${\alpha}$-D-ribofuranosyl)-questin], were isolated and identified from Eurotium rubrum, an endophytic fungal strain that was isolated from the inner tissue of the stem of the marine mangrove plant Hibiscus tiliaceus. In addition, three known compounds including asperflavin (2), 2-0-methyleurotinone (5), and questin (7) were also isolated and identified. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis. All of the isolated compounds were evaluated for 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• 제33권1호
• /
• pp.15-18
• /
• 2010

Mangroves are special plant communities that live along intertidal zones in tropical and subtropical areas. They are regarded as one of the most important types of natural ecosystem in the world because of the many ecosystem functions that they perform, of which water purification is the most complex. Mangrove ecosystems are conducive to the deposition and retention of heavy metals. So it is important to understand the impact of heavy metals on mangrove ecosystems, and especially on soil subsystems. We examined the levels of heavy metals in the soil of mangroves in the Dongzhaigang Mangrove National Nature Reserve. Dongzhaigang, the first mangrove nature reserve established in China, is located south of Haikou in Hainan Island and encompasses $33.37\;km^2$, of which mangroves comprise $20.56\;km^2$. To assess the impact of human activities, we collected a large number of soil samples in four sampling areas (the protection station, the harbor, a tour area, and Yeboluo island) in the study area. We measured the concentrations of Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd in the soil samples using the spectra of polyatomic molecules. The average concentrations of Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd were $5.04\;{\mu}g/g$, $10.36\;{\mu}g/g$, $20.06\;{\mu}g/g$ and $0.06\;{\mu}g/g$, respectively, and the heavy metal concentrations were lowest in the protected area, highest in the harbor, and intermediate in Yeboluo Island and the tour area. The heavy metal concentrations in the soil collected from different sample plots are related not only to the physical and chemical properties of the soil, but also to the heavy metal emitted by nearby pollution sources. Our analysis indicates that tourist boats are the main pollution sources in the study area.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제14권6호
• /
• pp.3114-3119
• /
• 2013

망그로브 생태계는 수생태계로 유입되는 중금속을 받아들이는 기능을 가지고 있다. 중금속에 오염된 퇴적물에 노출됨에도 불구하고 망그로브는 중금속에 내성을 가지고 있다. 이 연구에서 우리는 망그로브로부터 중금속 저항성 관련 유전자를 클로닝하고, 중금속 노출에 유전자 발현 변화를 분석하였다. 미크로네시아 축라군의 웨노섬에서 채취한 Rhizophora stylosa의 잎과 뿌리조직으로부터 CTAB 방법을 이용하여 RNA를 분리하였고, gene specific primers를 이용하여 phytochelatin synthase 1(PCS1) 유전자를 클로닝하였다. R. stylosa 태생종자를 100 ppb의 Cd과 10 ppb의 Cu에 노출하였을 때 각각 1.91배 및 2.72배 발현이 증가하였다. 이러한 결과는 PCS1 유전자의 발현분석이 망그로브 생태계의 건강성을 평가하기 위한 좋은 도구가 될 수 있음을 나타낸다.

• BMB Reports
• /
• 제39권5호
• /
• pp.546-555
• /
• 2006

An acidic polysaccharide fraction that had high anti-complementary activity was isolated from the stems of Grey Mangrove in 0.15% yield. The final fractions was designated HAM-3-IIb-II. The polysaccharide fraction appeared to be homogenous by high performance size exclusion chromatography with an estimated molecular weight of 105 kDa. The isolated polysaccharide is more effective than polysaccharide K (PSK) in its anti-complementary activity at 58 ${\mu}g/ml$ of PSK and 23 ${\mu}g/ml$ of HAM-3-IIb-II that inhibit 50% of complement activity in the complement fixation assay. Structural studies indicated that HAM-3-IIb-II was rich in galacturonic acid along with arabinose, galactose and rhamnose, characterizing a pectin-type polysaccharide, which was also confirmed by FT-IR spectrum. The presence of rich neutral sugar side chains of arabinogalactans may have contributed to the expression of high activity. Traditionally, this mangrove plant is used for medicinal purposes and it appears to have some scientific applications.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
• /
• 제26권3호
• /
• pp.171-179
• /
• 2010

Effect of chromium (Cr) stress on antioxidant enzyme activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were investigated in leaves and roots of mangrove (italic (L.) Druce) seedlings. Cr toxicity effects were also assessed on young seedlings. The seedlings were grown in green house condition for three months in nutrient solution with 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, and 3 mg $L^{-1}$ $CrCl_3$. This study showed that Cr led to the change of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) and activities at different concentrations. The activity of antioxidant enzymes in leaves of K. candel seedlings indicates that enzymes engaged in antioxidant defense in certain level especially in low concentration of Cr treatments. The activities of SOD and POD were activated by Cr in the root level, while CAT activity was inhibited. CAT activity decreased in response to high concentrations of Cr. In the present study indicated that SOD in root was active in scavenging the superoxide produced by Cr. Both in roots and leaves, an increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) content was observed with increase in metal concentration and exposure periods. Our finding indicated that the high concentration of excessive Cr supply may interfere with several metabolic processes of seedlings, causing toxicity to plants as exhibited by chlorosis, necrosis, photosynthetic impairing and finally, plant death.