• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.32-40
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• 2006

This study's objects are to suggest effective forest community-level management measures by identifying the vulnerable forest vegetation communities types to climate change through a comparative analysis with present forest communities identified and delineated in the Actual Vegetation Map. The methods of this study are to classify the climatic life zones based on the correlative climate-vegetation relationship for each forest vegetation community, the Holdridge Bio-Climate Model was employed. This study confirms relationship between forest vegetation and environmental factors using Pearson's correlation coefficient analysis. Then, the future distribution of forest vegetation are predicted derived factors and present distribution of vegetation by utilizing the multinomial logit model. The vulnerability of forest to climate change was evaluated by identifying the forest community shifts slower than the average velocity of forest moving (VFM) for woody plants, which is assumed to be 0.25 kilometers per year. The major findings in this study are as follows : First, the result of correlative analysis shows that summer precipitation, mean temperature of the coldest month, elevation, soil organic matter contents, and soil acidity (pH) are highly influencing factors to the distribution of forest vegetation. Secondly, the result of the vulnerability assessment employing the assumed velocity of forest moving for woody plants (0.25kmjyear) shows that 54.82% of the forest turned out to be vulnerable to climate change. The sub-alpine vegetations in regions around Mount Jiri and Mount Seorak are predicted to shift the dominance toward Quercus mongolica and Pinus densiflora communities. In the identified vulnerable areas centering the southern and eastern coastal regions, about 8.27% of the Pinus densiflora communities is likely to shift to sub-tropical forest communities, and 3.38% of the Quercus mongolica communities is likely to shift toward Quercus acutissima communities. In the vulnerable areas scattered throughout the country, about 8.84% of the Quercus mongolica communities is likely to shift toward Pinus densiflora communities due to the effects of climate change. The study findings concluded that challenges associated with predicting the future climate using RCM and the assessment of the future vulnerabilities of forest vegetations to climate change are significant.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.317-326
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• 2009

This study has shown the screening of anti-bacterial activity of three Indian medicinal plant choloroform : methanol (50:50) solvent leaf extracts (i.e. Azadirachta indica, Ocimum sanctum, and Curcuma longa) with different concentrations (10, 5, 2.5, 1.25, 0.625, 0.312, and 0.156 mg/ml) under in vitro conditions against fish pathogenic bacteria, Aeromonas hydrophila, Streptococcus iniae, Vibrio harveyi, V. anguillarum, and Edwardsiella tarda isolated from olive flounder farms, Jeju Island, South Korea. The anti-microbial activity of the A. indica and O. sanctum extracts yielded the zones of growth inhibition (ZI) was 3 and 1mm against A. hydrophila at concentration of 0.156 mg/ml when compared to that of tetracycline standard (3 mm). At highest concentration (10 mg/ml) of A. indica, O. sanctum, and C. longa, high inhibition was 9, 7, and 6 mm when compared to that of tetracycline (11 mm) against A. hydrophila. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of A. indica, O. sanctum, and C. longa at 0.156 mg/ml that yield 9, 10, and 13 CFU/ml for A. hydrophila, 16, 22, and 25 CFU/ml for S. iniae and 18, 22, and 23 CFU/ml for E. tarda compared to the tetracycline. At highest concentration (10 mg/ml) of the three extracts was better inhibiting the growth of A. hydrophila, S. iniae and E. tarda. A. indica, O. sanctum, and C. longa were determined to the potential antioxidant activityon the basis of their scavenging activity of the stable 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical. A. indica extract was 0.625 mg/ml which indicated that the strong anti-oxidant activity. However, O. sanctum and C. longa extracts showed weak anti-oxidant activity at this concentration. Hence, in vitro assay among the pathogens, A. hydropila is better inhibitory activity of the extracts. It is evident that the Indian medicinal plants extracts were subjected to its effectiveness against A. hydrophila, S. iniae, and E.tarda at low concentrations. The obtained results in the present study suggested that the Indian plant extracts is a prevention tools for Korean olive flounder aquaculture pathogens and its need further advance investigation.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.464-476
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• 2019

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the exposure levels of tollbooth workers to diesel particulate matter using black carbon (BC) and to find the correlations among variables associated with BC using the motor vehicle management act regulated by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport. Methods: This study was performed over 14 days at a university in Seoul. BC levels were monitored using an aethalometer and were conducted around the breathing zones of the workers. There were three sampling locations: inside the tollbooth (front gate and rear gate) and an office as a control group. T-test, correlation, and multiple linear regression analysis were performed using SPSS. Results: The geometric mean (GM) of BC_30min concentrations in the exposure group was 2.44 ㎍/㎥, approximately 1.4 times higher than the control group (1.75 ㎍/㎥). The GM of BC_30min concentrations was 2.75 ㎍/㎥ during the heavy traffic time (9-10 am) and 2.30 ㎍/㎥ during non-heavy traffic times (p<0.001). The multiple linear regression analysis shows that the number of all types of vehicles and PM_2.5 concentrations in the atmosphere were factors increasing the GM of BC(ln(BC_30min)) concentrations (adjusted R²=0.42, p<0.001). The workers were constantly exposed to low concentrations (GM of BC_30min=2.44 ㎍/㎥), but they were exposed to peak concentrations instantly (BC_10sec=3545.04 ㎍/㎥). When the GM of BC_30min concentrations was momentarily represented as high, it was identified that a vehicle mainly using diesel fuel or an aging vehicle had passed. Conclusions: A ventilation system should be installed in the closed tollbooth or aging vehicles should be controlled so as not to pass tollbooths.

• 환경생물
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.508-525
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• 2019

풍혈지는 특수한 국소적인 저온 환경으로 인해 북방계 식물들이 온대지역의 해발고도가 낮은 지대에서도 분포하는 것을 가능하게 한다. 본 연구는 한반도 주요 풍혈지 15개소에 대한 선태식물 종조성을 밝히고, 종다양성의 패턴분석 및 식물지리학적 중요성을 고찰하고자 한다. 풍혈지의 선태식물상 조사결과, 59과 138속 226종 2아종 5변종의 총 233분류군으로 확인되었다. 이 가운데 북방계 선태식물은 검정이끼, 담뱃대이끼, 된서리이끼, 수풀이끼, 겉창발이끼 등이 풍혈지에서 생육하고 있었다. 국내(남한)에서 발견된 미기록종은 14분류군, 한반도에서 발견된 미기록종은 7분류군이었다. 지소별 유사도 분석결과, 환경 특성이 유사한 지소끼리 유사도 지수가 높게 나타남에 따라 각 풍혈지별 선태식물의 종조성은 지형과 미소 기후의 특성을 잘 반영하고 있는 것으로 판단된다. 풍혈지는 최후빙하기의 한반도의 기후, 식생 환경을 이해할 수 있는 직접적인 증거를 보유한 서식지(피난처)이지만 풍혈지의 식생은 어떠한 보호조치도 없이 인위적으로 훼손되고 있다. 풍혈지의 생물학적인 가치와 보전의 필요성을 인식하고 체계적이고 합리적인 관리방안이 마련되어야 할 것이다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.1-15
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• 2007

A variety of revegetation methods are being utilized and developed. However, most of revegetation methods used on highway slopes in Korea are based on foreign-introduced plant varieties to stabilize road surfaces and to administer afforestation for surface covering at an earlier phase. Therefore. it results in various problems. such as failure to achieve harmony with the surrounding vegetation and 10 cause re-denudation of slopes as the foreign-in introduced plant varieties wane out from 2~3 years after hydro-seeding, etc. In addition, some of the revegetation plants seeded in the earlier phase grow excessively high, thus causes successional problems, such as to inhibit the invasion of the secondary vegetation from the surrounding areas, etc. Therefore, in this study, 160 slopes located in the nationwide express highways have been investigated and analyzed in order to produce basic data for restoration of ecological environment in slopes created on a long-term basis by investigating and analyzing locational characteristics of cut and filled slopes in express highways, status of revegetation methods, characteristics of soil and plant-ecological environment. 1. Investigation on cut and embanked slopes in express highways was carried out in the total of 160 locations, which include 108 cut slopes and 52 embanked slopes. As a whole, the most frequently used revegetation method was seed spray, which was found to be used in the total of 55 target slops investigated. 2. Planting method of Wistaria floribunda applied to some of the blasted rock zones was found to cause damages as Wistaria floribunda trailed up the surrounding vegetation and the secondary invaded trees. In order to prevent this, this method must be used only in the lowest parts of large-sized slopes. Also, it will be required to administer continuous management and maintenance in the areas already planted with this plants. 3. The areas of blasted rock and ripping rock slopes were applied with coir net (net + seeding) method. However, many of these areas failed in achieving ground covering. Most areas where revegetation was in progress, they were covered with Eragrostis curvula(Weeping lovegrass) only. In areas with soil, such as decomposition of granite, where afforestation is difficult. In this slopes, soil base must be improved by hrdroseeding with thin-layer vegetation base application methods in order to achieve success in afforestation with native plants. 4. Woody species, rather than herb species, are more helpful in stabilization of slope surfaces. Therefore, it is important to be able to grow and protect woody species on highway slopes. Growth of woody vegetation is most largely influenced by soil depth. Thus, when hydro-seeding woody plants, it is recommended to apply at the upper layer of the slopes, which is capable to sufficiently provide the fundamentals required in plant growth.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.277-284
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• 2020

스마트 팜 관리의 활용 효율성을 높이기 위해서는 작물 및 환경 변화에 대한 사전 검사를 실시간으로 평가하기 위한 모델링 기법이 필요하다. 시설 온실 내부의 CO₂와 같은 필수 환경 요소는 다양한 상관 변수가 밀접하게 결합 된 시간 영역에서 신뢰할 수 있는 추정 모델을 확립하기가 어렵다. 따라서 본 연구는 입력 영역과 출력 변수를 CO₂와 같은 시간 관점에서 인접 영역에 분포된 환경 정보를 이용하여 시간 복잡도를 줄이기 위한 인공 신경망을 개발하기 위해 수행되었다. 스마트 팜을 계측하기 위한 센서 모듈을 통해 환경 요소를 지속적으로 측정하였다. 실험기간의 평균 데이터로 예측하는 모델링 1, 전일 데이터로 예측하는 모델링 2을 구성하여 CO₂ 환경인자의 상호관계를 예측하였다. 전일의 데이터 학습으로 예측하는 모델링 2가 60일 평균값으로 예측한 모델링 1에 비해 성능이 우수하였다. 30일 이전까지는 대부분 0.70~0.88사이의 결정계수를 보였으며 모델링 2가 약0.05정도 높게 나타났다. 하지만 30일 이후에는 두 가지 모델링 모두 결정 계수 값이 0.50 이하로 낮은 값을 보였다. 모델링 접근법에 따라 결정 요인의 값을 비교하고 분석 한 결과 인접한 시간대의 데이터는 고정 신경망 모델을 사용하는 대신 예측이 필요한 지점에서 상대적으로 높은 성능을 나타냈다.

• Spatial Information Research
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.19-32
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• 2008

우리나라는 일반적으로 좁은 지역에서도 다양한 토지피복분포와 복잡한 지형기복을 보인다. 그러나, 대부분의 항공라이다 관련 외국의 선행연구사례들은 대부분 토지피복이나 지면경사가 일정한 지역을 연구대상으로 하고 있다. 본 연구는 다양한 토지피복 및 지형기복의 분토특성에 따라 3차원 표면모형을 재구성하는 방법의 탐색을 위해 수행하였다. 연구대상지로는 설악동매표소 인근에서 지형기복이 다양한 산림, 하상이 드러난 암석지 및 가로수와 건물, 주차장 등의 인공시설물이 분포하는 지역을 선정하였다. 자료처리절차는 우선, 정사항공사진을 이용하여 토지피복 및 지형기복에 따라 영역을 구분하고 이 결과를 이용하여 항공라이다 자료를 분할하였다. 분할된 각각의 자료들은 토지피복 및 지형특성에 따라 상이한 처리절차를 거쳐 3차원 표면모형을 별도로 구성하고 이를 통합함으로써 전체적인 3차원 모형을 복원하였다. 이러한 토지피복 및 지형특성을 고려한 3차원 표면모형은 경관관리, 산림조사 및 수치지도 작성 등에 효과적으로 이용될 수 있다. 아울러, 대용량의 항공라이다 자료처리 시, 전체 자료를 방형의 격자구획으로 분할하여 처리하는 과정에서 발생할 수 있는 한계를 보완하는 데에도 유용할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국ITS학회 논문지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.11-23
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• 2011

이 연구는 시계열 과거 속도자료를 활용하여 유사한 패턴 변화를 보이는 요일을 그룹핑하는 알고리즘을 개발하였다. 알고리즘에 적용할 이력자료 시간적 범위는 과거 2개월치 자료를 사용하였으며, 공간적 범위는 도시부도로를 대상으로 하였다. 이 연구에서 제안한 알고리즘은 크게 거시적인 관점과 미시적인 관점으로 나누어 요일별 패턴분류를 수행하였다. 먼저 거시적인 관점에서 요일별 첨두/비첨두 시간대와 요일별 속도변화가 크게 나타나는 중점시간대를 도출하였다. 미시적인 관점에서는 거시적인 관점에서 도출된 중점시간대를 대상으로 요일간 속도 차이를 개별(요일별) 혹은 그룹간의 유사성을 비교하여 단계적으로 분류하는 2단계 속도 군집 알고리즘(Two-step speed clustering algorithm, TSC)을 개발하였다. TSC 알고리즘은 중점시간대의 매 가공주기(또는 제공주기)마다 요일별(월~일) 속도차이를 토대로 그룹핑하는 1단계와 1단계에서 도출된 각 그룹의 평균과 요일간의 속도차이를 비교하여 재할당하는 2단계로 구성된다. TSC 알고리즘은 실제 지점검지기에서 수집된 시간대별 시계열 자료를 토대로 개발 및 성능평가가 수행되었다. 따라서, 교통정보센터에서 수집 가공 저장되는 과거이력자료를 이용하여 요일별 패턴분류 수행이 가능하고 알고리즘 구현도 실제 가공체계에 적용하기 용이하다. 이 연구에서 제안한 알고리즘은 통행패턴기반 정보가공 알고리즘 개발, 요일별 반복정체구간 운영관리, TOD에 근거한 신호운영 개선 등 교통운영 및 관리 전반에 적용이 가능하다.

• 아시안잔디학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.49-78
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• 1998

Nowadays, there are increasing demands of golf courses and it is necessary to make more golf courses than the present. To do this, we need to improve the environmental problems with the regional inhabitants, and it is said that the first thing to be considered in developing any golf course in Korea is to preserve the environment. In this context, the purpose of this study is to set forth several design factors to lessen the negative impacts which are accompanied with the development of golf courses. 1. The present conditions of golf courses in Korea Many new golf courses have come into being, particularly since the late 1980s, and now, in the year of 1997, over one hundred of golf courses are doing their business, yet the number of golf course is still less than required. So far, over a half of them have been made in the vicinity of Seoul on account of various reasons, and this has adversely affected on our natural environment. This unreasonable development of golf courses has caused serious water pollution, landslides and the other problems. Also, the topography of Korea is not good for golf courses. Although the demands of golf courses are increasing, the suitable sites for them are very limited, and therefore it is sometimes unavoidable to make golf courses on steep hills. Consequently, in designing golf courses in Korea, the most important thing is the balance between natural environment and artificial environment. 2.Eco-friendly golf course design factors 1) The concept of eco-friendly golf courses Ecologically sustainable and sound golf courses which are made by eco-friendly approaches 2)Basic conditions of eco-friendly golf courses (1)The most suitable sites (2) Conservation of existing ground as much as possible (3)Proper use of agricultural chemicals which have great impacts on the environment (4) Reasonable use of fertilizers (5) Developing a specialized fertilizer only for grass (6) Adaptation of organic agriculture (7) Improvement of grass sorts (8) Establishing reservoirs for purifying the water from golf courses 3) Eco-friendly golf courses (1) Location-Enough area /Gentle slope/Winding ground/Including lakes or streams /Not crossing wind's main direction Facing south or southeast /Suitable soIl for grass /Good drainage /Low level of underground water (2)Course layout and design -Consideration about existing contours as much as possible -Adaptation of Scotish design trend -Various holes' configuration -Consideration toward surrounding landscapes -Reducing grass areas -Giving buffer zones -Adapting computer methods in the process of site analysis and design (3) Eco-friendly considerations in constructing and managing golf courses -Protection of wildlife -Reuse of existing forests and preservation of topsoil -Renovation of old-fashioned courses -Reducing grass areas -Purification of water -Standization of management -Strict regulations against chemicals -Recycling organic materials -Through separation of the water inside golf courses and out of bounds -Getting proper construction works done in a due time 4.Eco-friendly considerations from a viewpoint of cultural environment 1) Well-matched landscape design and events planning 2) Implement of identifications and awarding systerns 3)Acknowledgement of superintendents' qualitications in the maintenance of golf courses 4)Increasing public golf courses and keeping good relationships with the neighbors near golf courses Key words: Pro-environmental development, Golf course.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제25권7호
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• pp.841-850
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• 2019

우리나라는 항행교통안전을 위하여 19개 항만과 3개 출입항로에 속력제한구역을 설정하고 제한속력을 지정하고 있으나 항만별로 제한속력이 다르고 실질적 관리수단의 부재로 제한속력 위반 행위가 빈번히 발생하고 있으며 이로 인하여 인적과실에 의한 선박 충돌사고가 지속 발생하고 있다. 본 연구는 첫째, 무역항 및 진입수로에서 발생한 해양사고를 분석하였다. 분석결과로 최근 5년간 1,344건(연평균 269건)이 발생하였고 어선에 의한 사고(563건)가 상선(508건)에 비해 많았으며 특히, 군산항의 어선 선장 50명을 표본으로 설문조사한 결과 45명(90 %)이 제한속력을 알지 못하고 있었다. 둘째, 속력제한 위반 선박에 있는 운항자에게 위험을 알리기 위하여 GPS 플로터 및 전자해도시스템(ECDIS)에 음성경고 기능과 메시지 경고기능 도입을 검토·제안하였다. 셋째, 관련기관과 항법장치 제작업체를 대상으로 전문가의견을 조사한 결과 제안된 경고기능이 기술적으로 가능한 것으로 확인되었다. 본 연구결과는 선박해양플랜트연구소에서 추진 중인 e-NAVIGATION 사업에 반영 가능하며 선박운항자에 대한 인적과실 감소와 한국형 e-NAVIGATION 구축에 도움이 될 것으로 기대된다.