• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.64 no.1
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• pp.41-47
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• 2015

In recent years, energy supply cases to take advantage of EMS(Energy Management System) are increasing according to high interest of energy efficiency. The important factor for essential and economical EMS operation is the supply and demand plan the hourly power demand of building load using the hierarchical clustering method of variety statistical techniques, and use the real historical data of target load. Also the estimated results of study are obtained the reliability through separate tests of validity.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.273-281
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• 2019

The energy consumed by buildings among the total national energy consumption is more than 10% of the total. For this reason, Korea has adopted the zero energy building policy since 2025, and research on the energy saving technology of buildings has been demanded. Analysis of buildings' energy consumption patterns shows that lighting, heating and cooling energy account for more than 60% of total energy consumption, which is directly related to solar power acquisition and window opening and closing operation. In this paper, we have developed a low - power IoT sensor module for window system to transfer acquired information to building energy management system. This module transmits the external environment and window opening / closing status information to the building energy management system in real time, and constructs the network to actively take energy saving measures. The power used in the module is designed as an independent power source using solar power among the harvest energy. The topology of the power supply is a Buck converter, which is charged at 4V to the lithium ion battery through MPPT control, and the efficiency is about 85.87%. Communication is configured to be able to transmit in real time by applying WiFi. In order to reduce the power consumption of the module, we analyzed the hardware and software aspects and implemented a low power IoT sensor module.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.36 no.11
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• pp.1433-1439
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• 2012

This paper introduces a sensor system based on indoor locations in order to implement the Building Energy Management System. This system consists of a thermopile sensor and an ultrasonic sensor. The sensor module is rotated by $360^{\circ}$ and yawed up-and-down by two electric motors. Therefore, it can simultaneously detect the number and location of the inhabitants in the room. It uses wireless technology to communicate with the building manager or the smart-home server, and it can save electric energy by controlling the lighting system or heating/air conditioning equipment automatically. We also demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed system by applying it to a real environment.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.662-671
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• 2012

Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) will be widely used in future transportation systems to reduce oil fuel consumption. Therefore, the electrical energy demand will be increased due to the charging of a large number of vehicles. Without intelligent control strategies, the charging process can easily overload the electricity grid at peak hours. In this paper, we consider a smart charging and discharging process for multiple PHEVs in a building's garage to optimize the energy consumption profile of the building. We formulate a centralized optimization problem in which the building controller or planner aims to minimize the square Euclidean distance between the instantaneous energy demand and the average demand of the building by controlling the charging and discharging schedules of PHEVs (or 'users'). The PHEVs' batteries will be charged during low-demand periods and discharged during high-demand periods in order to reduce the peak load of the building. In a decentralized system, we design an energy cost-sharing model and apply a non-cooperative approach to formulate an energy charging and discharging scheduling game, in which the players are the users, their strategies are the battery charging and discharging schedules, and the utility function of each user is defined as the negative total energy payment to the building. Based on the game theory setup, we also propose a distributed algorithm in which each PHEV independently selects its best strategy to maximize the utility function. The PHEVs update the building planner with their energy charging and discharging schedules. We also show that the PHEV owners will have an incentive to participate in the energy charging and discharging game. Simulation results verify that the proposed distributed algorithm will minimize the peak load and the total energy cost simultaneously.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.50-64
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• 2011

In this paper, a DC-coupled photovoltaic (PV), fuel cell (FC) and ultracapacitor hybrid power system is studied for building microgrid. In this proposed system, the PV system provides electric energy to the electrolyzer to produce hydrogen for future use and transfer to the load side, if possible. Whenever the PV system cannot completely meet load demands, the FC system provides power to meet the remaining load. The main weak point of the FC system is slow dynamics, because the power slope is limited to prevent fuel starvation problems, improve performance and increase lifetime. A power management and control algorithm is proposed for the hybrid power system by taking into account the characteristics of each power source. The main works of this paper are hybridization of alternate energy sources with FC systems using long and short storage strategies to build an autonomous system with pragmatic design, and a dynamic model proposed for a PV/FC/UC bank hybrid power generation system. A simulation model for the hybrid power system has been developed using Matlab/Simulink, SimPowerSystems and Matlab/Stateflow. The system performance under the different scenarios has been verified by carrying out simulation studies using a practical load demand profile, hybrid power management and control, and real weather data.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2023.05a
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• pp.215-216
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• 2023

As the introduction of new climate system, efforts to change carbon neutrality, efforts to convert carbon neutrality. In Korea, we are setting up carbon emissions through greenhouse gas and energy target management system for business and companies that emit carbon emissions. The construction industry quantitatively predict the carbon emissions, but it is struggling to set up the amount of carbon emissions before construction stage, but it is suffering from lack of data. Therefore, this study was conducted by collecting data on the energy usage amount of carbon emissions according to the energy usage of the construction phenomenon and low-capacity prediction of the construction phenomenon. Through collected data, the average energy usage amount by building users and evaluated the average carbon emissions. It also evaluated the contribution of carbon emissions by energy sources.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.3-12
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• 2012

The slowdown of private building industry resulted in growth of remodeling market as a way to improve energy performance. Remodeling is considered more cost-effective and eco-friendly approach for energy efficient building than new construction. Since 2008, Seoul has promoted Building Retrofit Project (BRP) preponderantly to attract energy-saving renovation by supporting building owners to switch building system into energy-saving system when they remodel their old buildings. According to 2012 press release, 254 Private sectors participated in this green building project and annually reduced 41000ton of greenhouse gas emission, 14000TOE, which also result in 7.5 billion won energy cost savings per year. The paper focuses on the building envelope remodeling as a way to improve energy efficiency. Different components of the building envelope such as wall insulation, window, and shading, were applied to the baseline model and the comparison was analyzed to come up with the ideal solution. This study only assesses the building envelope as to suggest the way to redesign the better energy performing building. Offering solution focusing on the architectural feature is essential because it will provide basic information and standard when remodeling a building for energy efficiency, especially, for the nonresidential buildings used as rental offices.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.83-90
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• 2012

Over the world, social demands and concerns of energy and resource depletions and environmental conservation have resulted in many researches and applications on sustainable development and construction. In order to support these demands and concerns, international green building certification systems such as LEED(Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) and BREEAM(Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method) were developed. In Korea, the green building certification system was introduced in 2000 and widely applied to all types of new buildings in order to induce the diffusion of sustainable buildings on May, 2010. This paper investigates the importance of assessment criteria on multi-unit apartment projects among certification rating systems using the AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process) method and suggests a new direction on certification assessment standards. For applying the AHP method, the survey of staffs in green building certification consulting companies and architectural design companies was conducted via e-mail. As a result, criteria like energy, indoor environment, land use, pollution control, and ecological environment among 9 main ones turned out important on assessing green building certification at multi-unit apartment projects, while criteria like water resource, transportation, maintenance management, and material and resource did relatively unimportant.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.5904-5927
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• 2019

Many artificial intelligence (AI) techniques have been embedded into various engineering technologies to assist them in achieving different goals. The integration of modern technologies with energy consumption management system and occupant's comfort inside buildings results in the introduction of intelligent building concept. The major aim of this integration is to manage the energy consumption effectively and keeping the occupant satisfied with the internal environment of the building. The last few couple of years have seen many applications of AI techniques for optimizing the energy consumption with maximizing the user comfort in smart buildings but still there is much room for improvement in this area. In this paper, a hybrid of two AI algorithms called firefly algorithm (FA) and genetic algorithm (GA) has been used for user comfort maximization with minimum energy consumption inside smart building. A complete user friendly system with data from various sensors, user, processes, power control system and different actuators is developed in this work for reducing power consumption and increase the user comfort. The inputs of optimization algorithms are illumination, temperature and air quality sensors' data and the user set parameters whereas the outputs of the optimization algorithms are optimized parameters. These optimized parameters are the inputs of different fuzzy controllers which change the status of different actuators according to user satisfaction.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.25 no.8
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• pp.70-81
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• 2011

In this paper, a multi-agent control system for DC-coupled photovoltaic (PV), fuel cell (FC), ultracapacitor(UC) and battery hybrid power system is studied for commercial buildings & apartment buildings microgrid. In this proposed system, the PV system provides electric energy to the electrolyzer to produce hydrogen for future use and transfer to the load side, if possible. Whenever the PV system cannot completely meet load demands, the FC system provides power to meet the remaining load. A multi-agent system based-power management and control algorithm is proposed for the hybrid power system by taking into account the characteristics of each power source. The main works of this paper are hybridization of alternate energy sources with FC systems using long and short storage strategies to build the multi-agent control system with pragmatic design, and a dynamic model proposed for a PV/FC/UC/battery bank hybrid power generation system. A dynamic simulation model for the hybrid power system has been developed using Matlab/Simulink, SimPowerSystems and Stateflow. Simulation results are also presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed multi-agent control and management system for building microgrid.