• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.150-161
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• 2017

This study was conducted with the data of monitoring on soil chemical properties of rice paddy soils in Gyeongbuk Province. The selected soil chemical properties were analyzed every 4 year from 1999 to 2015. The soil pH measured in 2015 was higher than pH 6.0, which was 0.3-0.4 pH unit higher than data until 2007 survey year. The mean content of organic matter was greater than $24g\;kg^{-1}$ since 2003, but 35% of soil samples remained below the recommended level ($20-30g\;kg^{-1}$) in 2015. The mean concentration of available phosphate was maintained at $40mg\;kg^{-1}$ higher than the upper recommendation level ($80-120mg\;kg^{-1}$), and more than 40% of paddy soils tested were found to have less than the recommendation level during the survey period. The exchangeable K concentration ranged from 0.25 to $0.39cmol_c\;kg^{-1}$. Exchangeable Ca showed an average at the optimum range ($5.0-6.0cmol_c\;kg^{-1}$) during the monitoring period. Exchangeable Mg decreased linearly ($0.02cmol_c\;kg^{-1}\;year^{-1}$) from $1.55cmol_c\;kg^{-1}$ as of 1999 to below the lower level of the recommendation range ($1.5-2.0cmol_c\;kg^{-1}$). The amount of available $SiO_2$ was increased significantly from 2011 to over the recommendation level (${\geq}157mg\;kg^{-1}$). It was revealed that the soil chemical properties of rice paddy fields was influenced by topology, soil texture, type and region as result of principal component analysis or cluster analysis. Therefore, an assessment on chemical properties of rice paddy soils should be performed to consider various soil physical conditions and agronomic practices such as fertilization, cropping system, and so on. Because of the high variability of nutrient levels across Gyeongbuk Province, nutrient management based on soil fertility test is required by respective farm land unit.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.211-214
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• 2015

The primary and secondary survey was designed to identify all of a patient's injuries and prioritize their management. However 15 to 22.3% of patient with missed injuries had clinically significant missed injuries. To reduce missed injury, special attention should be focused on patients with severe anatomical injury or obtunded. Victims of blunt trauma commonly had multiple system involvement. Some reports indicate that inexperience, breakdown of estalished protocol, clinical error, and restriction of imaging studies may be responsible for presence of missed injury. The best way of reducing clinical significant of missed injuries was repeated clinical assessment. Here we report a case of severe blunt hepatic injury patient and pericardial injury that was missed in primary and secondary survey. After damage control surgery of hepatic injury, she remained hemodynamically unstable. Further investigation found cardiac tamponade during intensive care. This was managed by pericardial window operation through previous abdominal incision and abdominal wound closure was performed.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.1380-1383
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• 2009

수질오염총량관리제도(TMDL)는 유역의 수질 회복 및 관리를 위해 우리나라를 비롯해 미국의 여러 주에서 수립되어 적용되고 있다. 현재 미국에서는 유역 관리를 위한 TMDL의 기준설정에 있어 오염부하지속곡선(LDC)의 활용이 급격히 증가되고 있다. 그러나 기존의 LDC 방법은 사용자로 하여금 충분한 교육이 필요하고 LDC 생성을 위한 데이터 구축이 수동적으로 이루어지고 있다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 최근 Web GIS 기반의 LDC 시스템이 개발되어 활용되고 있다. 웹기반의 LDC 시스템은 미국 지질 조사국(USGS)이나 한국 환경부(MOE) 서버 등을 통해 구축된 자료를 이용하여 오염부하지속곡선을 생성하기까지의 모든 과정이 자동으로 처리되어 기존 수작업에 의한 방법의 단점을 보완하고 있다. 그리하여 본 연구에서는 우리나라 수질오염 총량 관리제도 단위유역인 낙본A와 금본C, 그리고 미국 인디애나 주의 Yellow River와 펜실베이니아 주의 Borkenstraw Creek 유역을 대상으로 웹기반 LDC 시스템을 이용하여 유역의 특성을 분석하였다. 본 연구에서 사용된 유량 및 수질 자료는 본 시스템에서 연계된 환경부 서버와 USGS 서버를 통해 구축하였다. 분석 결과 낙본 A 단위유역의 BOD 오염부하량과 농도가 대체적으로 목표수질 기준을 만족하는 것으로 나타났으나 전반적으로 유량이 적을 때 다소 목표수질을 초과하고 있는 나타나, 적합한 수질관리 대책이 필요한 것으로 분석되었다. 금본 C 단위유역의 경우 대부분 BOD 배출부하량이 할당 부하량보다 낮게 나타나는 것을 알 수 있고, 목표수질 농도에 비해 배출되는 BOD 농도 또한 대체적으로 낮은 것을 알 수 있다. 또한 Yellow River 유역의 경우는 유량이 많을 때 배출되는 수질농도가 목표수질을 초과하는 것으로 보아 강우시 배출되는 오염물에 대한 대책이 요구되고, Borkenstraw Creek 유역의 경우 유량이 적을 때를 제외하고 대부분 구간에서 배출부하량이 할당부하량을 초과하여 이에 대한 적합한 수질관리가 필요할 것으로 분석되었다. 본 연구의 결과에서 나타난 바와 같이 웹기반 LDC 시스템을 통해 수질오염총량관리제도 단위유역에 대한 수질 평가 및 특성 분석이 용이하며 수질 회복을 위한 근본적인 해결방법을 제시할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.163-172
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• 2010

The purposes of this study were to assess hospital foodservice quality and to identify causes of quality problems and improvement strategies. Based on the review of literature, hospital foodservice quality was defined and the Hospital Foodservice Quality model was presented. The study was conducted in two steps. In Step 1, nutritional standards specified on diet manuals and nutrients of planned menus, served meals, and consumed meals for regular, diabetic, and low-sodium diets were assessed in three general hospitals. Quality problems were found in all three hospitals since patients consumed less than their nutritional requirements. Considering the effects of four gaps in the Hospital Foodservice Quality model, Gaps 3 and 4 were selected as critical control points (CCPs) for hospital foodservice quality management. In Step 2, the causes of the gaps and improvement strategies at CCPs were labeled as "quality hazards" and "corrective actions", respectively and were identified using a case study. At Gap 3, inaccurate forecasting and a lack of control during production were identified as quality hazards and corrective actions proposed were establishing an accurate forecasting system, improving standardized recipes, emphasizing the use of standardized recipes, and conducting employee training. At Gap 4, quality hazards were menus of low preferences, inconsistency of menu quality, a lack of menu variety, improper food temperatures, and patients' lack of understanding of their nutritional requirements. To reduce Gap 4, the dietary departments should conduct patient surveys on menu preferences on a regular basis, develop new menus, especially for therapeutic diets, maintain food temperatures during distribution, provide more choices, conduct meal rounds, and provide nutrition education and counseling. The Hospital Foodservice Quality Model was a useful tool for identifying causes of the foodservice quality problems and improvement strategies from a holistic point of view.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.2607-2612
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• 2014

Background: Cancer screening rates in Japan are much lower than those in Western countries. This study evaluated the relationship between cancer screening rates and strategies used to improve screening rates, and determined which strategy is the most effective. Materials and Methods: All municipalities are responsible for conducting gastric, lung, colorectal, cervical, and breast cancer screenings in Japan. Of the 1,746 municipalities in total, 92-99% were included in the analyses for each cancer screening. Using national data in 2009, the correlations between cancer screening rates and strategies for improving screening rates of all municipalities, both large (populations of over 30,000) and small (populations of under 30,000), were determined. The strategies used were as follows: sending personal invitation letters, personal visits by community health workers, use of a clinical setting for screening, and free screening. Results: Of all four strategies used to improve cancer screening rates, sending personal invitation letters had the highest correlations with all screening rates, with the exception of breast cancer screening. The partial correlation coefficients linking this strategy with the screening rates in all municipalities were 0.28, 0.32, 0.30, and 0.26 for gastric, lung, colorectal, and cervical cancer screening, respectively. In large municipalities, the correlations between the number of examinees in a clinical setting and the screening rates were also relatively high, particularly for cervical cancer screening (r=0.41). Conclusions: Sending personal invitation letters appears to be particularly effective in improving cancer screening rates in all municipalities. All municipalities should implement a system that sends personal invitation letters for cancer screening. In large municipalities, increasing the availability of screening in a clinical setting is also effective in improving cancer screening rates.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.287-295
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• 2019

The study aims to build a model for evaluating the effectiveness of activities and the effectiveness of financial investments in high-tech industries in Kazakhstan. The development of high-tech industries plays an important role in the economic growth of a country. In this regard, it is relevant to study the effectiveness of financing the most important industry in Kazakhstan. The development of the high-tech sector ensures the efficient functioning of the national innovation system. High-tech enterprises are one of the competitive sectors that allow us to develop and implement leading-edge innovations with the goal of their subsequent commercialization domestically and abroad. The author defines the multicriteria of efficiency in a knowledge-based economy associated with achieving an economic effect with multivariate correlation of results with costs. A multivariate dynamic model, an integral indicator of performance, an integral indicator of cost-effectiveness is proposed. The assessment of the effectiveness of financial costs and performance indicators in all regions of Kazakhstan have the positive dynamics of indicators, as well as a high economic effect. The results of the study can be applied in regional management to adequately assess the effectiveness of high-tech organizations and the effectiveness of financial investments, contribution to ensuring the economic security of the region.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.50-57
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• 2017

This study investigated the causes and problems of train operation impediments through the statistics analysis of 8 years'internal data of Daejeon Metropolitan Express Transit. By evaluating the risks regarding the system, equipment, and parts of high risk group, this study measured the Risk Index Severity, and applied the $5{\times}5$ Risk Assessment Matrix which is a method of risk management to calculate the scale of risk to analyze the safety level and allowance range. As a result, the car sector, the most serious risk, followed by machinery and equipment sector showed that the inherent risk. In particular, the door broken and the door rail signaling and control devices due to defects of the vehicle is high, but also the severity, and frequency are showing very frequent additional potential accidents. PSD also had defects in the machinery sector appeared to be the most dangerous of the PSD poor safety gates, it was found that the glass also involve the risk of mishandling and breakage of the PSD. This study intended to contribute to the transportation benefits through the safety and stable operation of Metropolitan Express Transit.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.2325-2332
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• 2017

Consulting projects such as diagnosis of vulnerabilities of major information and telecommunication infrastructure are increasing, mandatory public information infrastructure assessment (PIA) for public institutions and ISMS (Information Security Management System) The demand for information protection consulting is continuously increasing as the field obeys the law, but the lack of information security consultant is not improving. One reason is that information security consultants are not being developed to meet the increasing demand for information protection consulting. In this paper, we present the case of information protection consulting as a scenario for studying and educating the duty of information security consultant by studying overseas case and domestic case based on standardization and standardization. We propose a problem-based learning (PBL) training method. In addition, we analyze the effectiveness of the PBL - based learning method.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2004.06a
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• pp.296-302
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• 2004

After the Rio declaration on environment and development in 1992, developed countries are undertaking 'environmentally sustainable transportation (EST)' projects. To meet the needs for EST, current transportation policies in Korea are rapidly reforming and one of its concerns is modernizing and upgrading railway freight system. Planning new railroad construction projects is increasing and subsequent environmental impact assessment (EIA) demands improvements, especially in both the EIA and decision making systems. In this paper, we discuss the present status of EIA for railroad construction projects, especially, by analyzing the EIA documents accumulated for last six years. The EIA for railroad construction projects .accounts for only $4.9\%$ of total project EIAs during 1998-2003. However, the portion is gradually increasing. Major environmental concerns for EIA in railroad construction projects were geomorphological and ecological changes, protection of rare organisms, air pollution, water quality, wast management, noise, etc. We also compared the characteristics of environmental impacts of railroad construction with those of vehicle road construction. The result shows that railroad construction usually requires 3${\~}$4 times longer tunnels and bridges for a given length than vehicle road construction. In addition, the amounts of geomorphological and ecological changes (road-cutting, embankment, devegetation, etc.) in railroad construction were generally less than $40\%$ of those in vehicle road construction. In order to develop environmentally friendly railway systems, monitoring studies for environmental impacts of railroads such as habitat fragmentation and road kills, dispersal of alien plants, tunnelling effects on groundwater and vegetation, and noise impacts are highly required.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2017

The difficulties in opening and closing a sport utility vehicle (SUV) tailgate is important aspect of JD (James David) power's Initial Quality Survey (IQS) assessment, and affective quality has a big impact on the the success of thesedays products. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the perceived difficulty and satisfaction of customers by the opening and closing of the tailgate and to grasp the relationship between them and the opening and closing reaction force. The mechanical force required to open and close 42 domestic and overseas SUV tailgates was measured with the help of an auto company. In the experiment, 100 male drivers in their 20s to 50s evaluated perceived difficulty and satisfaction with opening and closing the tailgate. The results of the analysis showed that perceived difficulty and satisfaction were statistically different depending on the vehicle, but did not depend on the personal characteristics of the participants. The perceived difficulty and satisfaction regression model of tailgate opening and closing was developed by mechanical force variables and had a relatively high adjusted $R^2$ ranging from 0.62 to 0.73. The models showed that the the initial close and open force, the difference between initial and maximum close force and the difference between initial and auto-fall angle should be small for the low perceived exertion and high satisfaction. In addition, the correlation analysis between IQS score of tailages and perceived difficulty and satisfaction showed that the IQS scores were more related to the perceived difficulty and satisfaction of closing than those of opening. The results of the study will be helpful to design and test mechanical open and close structure of SUV tailgates.