• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.115-118
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• 2011

A 58-year-old woman who presented with inguinal hernia for the first time was diagnosed as seminoma and complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (CAIS). The patient received a late diagnosis, and therefore she could not take a proper management. CAIS is a rare X-linked recessive disease with an XY karyotype that is caused by androgen receptor defects. It usually present with primary amenorrhea or inguinal hernia. The risk of malignant transformation of undescended testis increases with age, thus gonadectomy should be performed after puberty. We present a case of large advanced seminoma in a woman with CAIS who was neglected and diagnosed lately.

• 대한골관절종양학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.52-58
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• 2009

거대세포종은 늑골에서 드물게 발생할 수 있으며, 후중격에서 발생한 종괴로 나타난 늑골의 거대세포종은 지금까지 4 예가 보고되었다. 38세 남자의 늑골에서 발생하여 후중격 종괴로 보인 거대세포종 1 예를 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고한다. 흉부 전산화 단층 촬영에서 우측 후상부 중격의 대부분을 차지하는, 경계가 명확한 다분엽성의 종괴가 우측 3번 늑골과 흉추를 침범하고 있었다. 임상적으로는 후중격에서 발생한 신경절신경종 혹은 그와 동반된 악성 변화를 의심하였다. 그러나 육안적으로 종괴는 우측 3번 늑골에서 발생하여 늑골 바깥쪽으로 성장하는 모습을 보였고, 현미경적으로 균일하게 산재된 다핵 거대 세포와 단핵 기질 세포로 구성되어 있어 늑골에서 발생한 거대세포종에 합당하였다. 거대세포종의 치료를 위해서는 재발과 전이의 가능성을 고려하여 광범위한 수술적 절제와 술후 방사선 치료를 고려해야 한다. 후중격 신경절신경종은 수술적 절제만으로 치료가 가능한 종양이므로, 거대세포종과 반드시 감별해야 한다.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.58-63
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• 2015

Gastric duplication cyst is a rare congenital anomaly of the gastrointestinal tract and is especially uncommon in adults. Most cases in adults are discovered incidentally on radiological examination or gastric endoscopy. Accurate diagnosis of these cysts before resection is difficult. Differential diagnoses are varied. Malignant transformation of a gastric duplication cyst is very rare. We present three cases of asymptomatic noncommunicating gastric duplication cysts in adults.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.504-507
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• 2007

Purpose: Chondroid syringoma, previously known as 'mixed tumor of the skin', is a rare benign tumor. It usually presents an asymptomatic solitary firm intradermal or subcutaneous slowly growing nodule. It occurs frequently in the head and neck region of middle-aged men. We would like to report an uncommon chondroid syringoma about the clinical and histologic presentation. about the clinical and histologic presentation. Methods: We experienced two cases of chondroid syringoma on the nose and the upper lip, each other. Both masses were totally excised with clear margin. Results: On histologic examination, the masses showed a biphasic pattern-an epithelial component exhibiting apocrine/eccrine differentiation and a stromal component exhibiting myxoid/collagenous change-consistent with the diagnosis of chondroid syringoma. There have been no evidence of recurrence and malignant transformation during postoperative follow-up. Conclusion: There is no one distinctive clinical feature that is specific for chondroid syringoma. However, it should be included in the differential diagnosis of a solid nodule in head and neck region with long standing duration, such as epidermal inclusion cyst, pilomatrixoma, dermoid cyst, sebaceous cyst, neurofibroma, and basal cell carcinoma.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.15-18
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• 2016

Pleomorphic adenoma is the most common benign neoplasm of salivary glands. Pleomorphic adenoma can metastasis without malignant transformation. Metastasizing pleomorphic adenoma is equal to pleomorphic adenoma histologically yet metastasis to distant sites. Most Metastasizing pleomorphic adenoma are diagnosed many years following the initial treatment. 45-year-old man was found to have an asymptomatic right submandibular mass. A right submandibular gland excision and selective neck dissection was performed and pathology confirmed metastasizing pleomorphic adenoma. We report this case with a brief literature review.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.62-70
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• 2024

Purpose: Choledochal cysts are congenital anomalies that occur as localized cystic or fusiform dilatations of the biliary tree. Reflux and stasis of pancreatic enzymes in the biliary duct may relate to the development of intestinal metaplasia which might be an important factor related to the carcinogenesis of choledochal cyst, thus the expression of beta-catenin in the metaplastic epithelium might be associated with malignant transformation of choledochal cyst epithelium. Methods: This study was conducted at a tertiary care pediatric center between October 2014 and March 2017. Forty patients were evaluated for epithelial lining, mural ulceration, fibrosis, inflammation, and metaplasia. Results: Out of 40, 12 cases (30.0%) were the infantile age group and 28 cases (70.0%) were in the classic pediatric group. Ulceration was classified as grade 0 (14 cases, 35.0%), grade 1 (17 cases, 42.5%), or grade 2 (nine cases, 22.5%). Inflammation was classified as grade 0 (2 cases, 5.0%), grade 1 (26 cases, 65.0%), or grade 2 (12 cases, 30.0%). Fibrosis was classified as grade 0 (five cases, 12.5%), grade 1 (11 cases, 27.5%), grade 2 (17 cases, 42.5%), or grade 3 (seven cases, 17.5%). Metaplasia was noted in five (12.5%) out of 40 cases. All choledochal cysts with metaplasia showed beta-catenin nuclear positivity on immunohistochemistry and were followed up. Conclusion: This study emphasizes the importance of detailed histopathological examination and documentation of metaplastic changes. Metaplasia was associated with beta-catenin nuclear positivity. These findings suggest a potential role for beta-catenin as a marker of metaplastic changes in choledochal cysts.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.154-163
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• 2010

목 적: 대장용종증은 소아에서는 드문 질환군으로 다수의 용종으로 인한 출혈, 복통, 장중첩증 등이 반복될 수 있고 용종의 악성화나 장외종양이 발생할 수 있으나 아직은 이에 관한 연구가 많지 않다. 본 연구에서는 소아 대장용종증의 임상 양상과 내시경적, 조직학적 특징을 살펴보고자 하였다. 방 법: 서울대병원 어린이병원에서 1987년부터 2009년까지 대장내시경을 시행 받은 2,956명의 소아 환자중에서 대장용종증으로 진단받은 37명의 환자를 대상으로 의무기록 분석을 시행하였다. 대장용종증 환자들의 진단 시 평균나이는 8세였다. 결 과: Peutz-Jeghers 증후군이 22예로 가장 많았으며 연소성 용종증 7예, 가족성 선종성 용종증 6예, 림프성용종증 2예이었다. 내원 시 가장 흔한 주소는 혈변이었다. 50% 이상의 환자에서 혈변과 복통이 동반되었고 일부에서 항문종괴, 설사, 변비가 동반되었다. 용종의 수와 크기는 다양하였고 위장과 소장에 용종이 동반된 환자는 각각 21명, 17명이었다. Peutz-Jeghers 증후군 환자에서는 주로 다엽성의 목이 있는 용종이 관찰되었다. 연소성 용종증 환자에서는 둥글고 목이 있는 용종이 대부분이었다. 가족성 선종성 용종증 환자에서는 작고 둥글며 목이 없는 용종이 관찰되었다. 림프성 용종증 환자에서는 목이 없는 용종이 관찰되었다. 모든 환자는 내시경적 용종절제술을 시행받았고 14명(38%)은 수술적 용종절제술을 시행받았다. 부분장절제술을 시행받은 환자는 13명(35%)이었고, 가족성 선종성 용종증 환자 4명은 전대장절제술을 시행받았다. Peutz-Jeghers 증후군 환자 중 일부에서 장외 종양이 발생하였으나 용종의 악성화는 없었다. 결 론: 소아의 대장용종증 환자는 출혈, 복통 등의 증상을 보이며 장중첩증 등의 합병증이 발생할 수 있어 조기 진단과 치료가 필요하며 정기적인 대장내시경 검사를 통해 합병증을 예방하고 용종의 악성화나 장외 종양 여부를 확인해야 한다.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제52권6호
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• pp.627-635
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• 2019

슬레이트는 석면을 이용한 대표적인 건축자재 중 하나로써 백석면(10~20%)과 시멘트 성분을 결합하여 만든 제품이다. 슬레이트에 포함되어 있는 석면은 인체에 유입되면 세포 손상이나 변형을 일으키고 체외로 잘 배출되지 않아 폐암, 석면폐, 악성중피종 및 흉막비후 등과 같은 질병을 일으키는 원인이 되는 것으로 입증되어 1977년 세계보건기구(WHO) 산하 국제암연구소(IARC)에서는 1군 발암물질로 지정하였다. 현재 이러한 슬레이트는 대부분 지정매립장에 매립하여 처리하고 있으나 매립용량이 한계에 다다르고 있고 매립한다고 하여도 추후 외부환경으로 노출될 수 있는 잠재적인 위험성이 있어 매립 처리방법 이외에 슬레이트에 포함된 석면을 무해화하여 안전하게 처리할 수 있는 방법이 필요하다. 따라서 이 연구에서는 발열반응 촉매제와 열처리를 이용하여 슬레이트에 함유된 석면 무해화 가능성을 확인하고자 하였다. 실험은 석면해체·제거 사업장에서 발생한 석면함유 슬레이트를 이용하였고 발열반응 촉매제는 염화칼슘(CaCl₂), 염화마그네슘(MgCl₂), 수산화나트륨(NaOH), 규산소듐(Na₂SiO₃), 카올린[Al₂Si₂O₅(OH)₄)], 활석[Mg₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂]을 이용하여 총 6가지의 촉매제를 제조하였다. 6가지의 촉매제를 슬레이트에 각각 도포한 후 열중량-시차열분석(TG-DTA)을 실시하여 분석결과를 토대로 슬레이트 무해화를 위한 열처리 온도를 750℃로 결정하였다. 슬레이트에 6가지 촉매제를 각각 도포한 후 750℃에서 2시간 열처리하여 X-선 회절 분석(XRD), 주사전자현미경 분석(SEM-EDS), 투과전자현미경 분석(TEM-EDS)을 한 결과 슬레이트 내 백석면[chrysotile, Mg₃Si₂O₅(OH₅)]이 주상의 고토감람석(forsterite, Mg₂SiO₄)으로 상전이 됨을 확인하였다. 또한, 슬레이트 원시료와 발열반응 촉매제 도포 후 열처리한 시료에 물리적인 힘을 가하여 광물의 형상 변화를 비교 관찰한 결과, 슬레이트 내 백석면은 섬유형을 유지하였으나 촉매제 도포 및 열처리를 한 시료는 무정형 형태로 깨지는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서 발열반응 촉매제와 열처리를 통하여 낮은 온도에서 경제적으로 석면함유 슬레이트를 안전하게 처리할 수 있는 하나의 방안을 제시할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.443-450
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• 2001

Objective : The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor $p27^{kip1}$ protein is a negative regulator of the cell cycle, and its degradation is required for entry into the S phase. Loss of $p27^{kip1}$ expression has been reported to be associated with aggressive behavior in a variety of tumors of epithelial and lymphoid origin. However, its association with various astrocytic tumors has not been clearly demonstrated. We studied to investigate the relationship of $p27^{kip1}$ expression with the biological behavior of astrocytic tumors in addition to study on the role of $p27^{kip1}$ in the tumorigenesis of these tumors. Patients and Methods : From 1990 to 1998, a total of 29 astrocytic tumor of all grades obtained by operative resection were included for evaluation. We studied the expression of $p27^{kip1}$ protein immunohistochemical assay in astrocytic tumors and compared the findings with the clinicopathologic parameters. Immunohistochemical staining was performed on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections by the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method. According to WHO classification, all cases were divided into astrocytomas(4 cases), anaplastic astrocytomas(9 cases), and glioblastomas(16 cases) by 3 pathologists. Clinical information was obtained from medical records, and others such as location and size of tumors from imaging studies. Results : Mean $p27^{kip1}$ protein labeling indexes(LI, mean${\pm}$standard deviation) of astrocytomas, anaplastic astrocytomas, and glioblastomas were $80.6{\pm}9.1$, $63.6{\pm}21.0$, and $28.9{\pm}18.7$, respectively, and were inversely correlated with grade of glial tumors(p<0.0001). Mean $p27^{kip1}$ protein LI in the recurrent group was lower than that in the nonrecurrent group, but there was no significant difference statistically(p=0.464). Additionally, $p27^{kip1}$ protein expression did not show any significant relationship to other prognostic factors such as age(p=0.1643), tumor size(p=0.8), or location(p=0.8). Conclusion : These results suggested that reduced expression of $p27^{kip1}$ protein may play a important role in the malignant transformation process of astrocytic tumor cells.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권23호
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• pp.10255-10262
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• 2015

High risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) E2 proteins play roles in transcriptional regulation and are commonly functionally disrupted when the HPV genome integrates into host chromosomes. Some 15-40% of cancer cases, however, contain an intact E2 gene or episomal HPV. In these cases, polymorphism of the E2 gene might be involved. This study aimed to determine polymorphisms of the E2 gene in episomal HPV16 detected in high grade squamous intraepithelial lesions and squamous cell carcinomas and altered functions compared to the E2 prototype. The E2 gene was amplified and sequenced. Two expression vectors containing E2 gene polymorphisms were constructed and transfected in SiHa and C33A cells, then E6 gene as well as Il-10 and TNF-${\alpha}$ expression was determined by quantitative RT-PCR. Expression vectors and reporter vectors containing the HPV16 long control region (LCR) were co-transfected and transcriptional activity was determined. The results showed that a total of 32 nucleotides and 23 amino acids were changed in all 20 cases of study, found in the transactivation (TA) domain, hinge (H) region and DNA binding (DB) domain with 14, 5 and 13 nucleotide positions. They mostly caused amino acid change. The expressing vectors containing different E2 gene polymorphisms showed E6 mRNA suppression, TNF-${\alpha}$ mRNA suppression and IL-10 induction but no statistically significant differences when compared to the E2 prototype. Moreover, promoter activity in HPV16 LCR was not affected by E2 protein with different gene polymorphisms, in contrast to nucleotide variations in LCR that showed an effect on transcription activity. These results demonstrated that E2 gene polymorphisms of episomal HPV16 did not affect transcriptional regulation and suggested that nucleotide variation as well as epigenetic modification of the LCR might play a role in inducing malignant transformation of cells containing episomal HPV16.