• 한국의류학회지
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.722-740
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• 2017

This study was conducted to offer basic data that can be used in a clothing industry for active senior males that are emerging as a new consumer bracket in a rapid aging age. To this end, this study conducted an analysis of 'younger' older male body types based on data from the 6th Size Korea. As a result of the body type analysis of 'younger' older males who are considered active seniors in comparison to 'middle' aged males, the former's height items became shorter compared to 'middle' aged males, but circumference items were bigger. Males aged 35-69, who are 'middle' aged males and 'younger' old males were divided into three body types in this study: Type1- small body type with protruded belly, compared to weight. Type 2- body type of slim torso with wide shoulder-back widths. Type3- big body type overall with tall height and heavy weight. According to body type distribution by age group, the middle-aged males had Type2 body type the most. The younger-old males showed type1 the most. There is a need to reflect the body types of active senior male characteristics in apparel pattern design because the current fits are not appropriate if active senior males wear clothing targeted for males aged 30-50.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.736-748
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• 2017

This study was carried out to offer basic data that can be used for clothing industry for active senior males emerging as a new consumer bracket in the rapid aging age. To this end, this study conducted a questionnaire survey on consumers' wearing condition targeting active senior males. As a result of the questionnaire survey targeting active senior males, the outdoor wear items that they had the most were windbreaker jackets, long pants, and they said the most important reason for their preferred brand was wearing sensation. The matters to consider in purchasing outdoor wear were also wearing sensation and size. Consequently, the active senior males regard wearing sensation as very important. The measurements that they felt uncomfortable by body part were the abdominal extension circumference, sleeve length and jacket length of a jacket, and the rise and lengths of pants. To design the outdoor wear patterns suitable for the active senior male's body type, the pattern measurements of these body parts need to be modified. From the fact-finding survey result on outdoor wear companies, their measurement indicating method was the same for jackets, but each brand used different methods for pants. Based on the results of this survey, outdoor wear needs to be developed to meet active senior needs.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.173-194
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to examine the association between time-income availability and health-promoting behavior (physical practice, smoking, alcohol consumption) of older males (55-69). This study attempted to shed light on health-behavior changes during the transition period of male retirement. The availability of time resources was examined by addressing the amount of weekly paid labor hours. The availability of financial resources was calculated by using the debt-income ratio. The study sample comprised 1,372 (age range 55-69) male respondents of the 2006 Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (2006 KLOSA wave 1). The results of CHAID (CHi-squared Automatic Interaction Detection) analysis uncovered four distinctive combinations of resource types: time-money poor, time rich, money rich, time-money rich. According to logit results, these four groups had different socio-demographic profiles and different health-behavior risks. The time-money poor males were unlikely to perform physical activities needed to improve their health or to quit smoking or alcohol consumption. This group was also more likely to consume alcohol compared to the time-money resource types. In contrast, the time-money rich group was more likely to exercise longer and more frequently than the reference group (time and money poor). The time-rich types, those who have time-only resources and less money, were likely to be smokers and have problems with alcohol consumption.

• 한국인구학
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.41-53
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• 1986

The purpose of this paper is two-fold. One is to investigate the determinants of the demand supply of labor, and another is to project long-term demand and supply of labor. The paper consists of three parts. In the first part, theoretical models and important hypotheses are discussed: for the case of a labor supply model, issues regarding discouraged worker model, permanent wage hypothesis, and relative wage hypothesis are examined and for the case of a demand model, issues regarding estimating an employment demand equation within the framework of an inverted short-run produc- tion function are inspected. Particularly, a theoretical justification for introducing a demographic cohort variable in a labor supply equation is also investigated. In the second part, empirical results of the estimated supply and demand equations are analyzed. Supply equations are specified differently between primary and secondary labor force. That is, for the case of primary labor force groups including males aged 25 and over, attempts are made to explain the variations in participation behavior within the framework of a neo-classical economics oriented permanent wage hypothesis. On the other hand, for the case of females and young male labor force, variations in participation rates are explained in terms of a relative wage hypothesis. In other words, the participation behavior of primary labor force is related to short-rum business fluctuations, while that of secondary labor force is associated with intermediate swings of business cycles and demographic changes in the age structure of population. Some major findings arc summarized as follows. (1) For the case of males aged 14~19 and 2O~24 groups and females aged 14∼19, the effect of schhool enrollment rate is dominant and thus it plays a key role in explaining the recent declining trend of participation rates of these groups. (2) Except for females aged 20∼24, a demographic cohort variable, which captures the impact of changes in the age structure on participation behavior, turns out to show positive and significant coefficients for secondary labor force groups. (3) A cyclical variable produce significant coefficients for prime-age males and females reflecting that as compared to other groups the labor supply behavior of these groups is more closely related to short-run cyclical variations (4) The wage variable, which represents a labor-leisure trade-off turns out to yield significant coefficients only for older age groups (6O and over) for both males and females. This result reveals that unlike the experiences of other higer-income nations, the participation decision of the labor force of our nation is not highly sensitive with respect to wage changes. (5)The estimated result of the employment demand equation displays that given that the level of GNP remains constant the ability of the economy to absord labor force has been declining;that is, the elasticity of GNP with respect to labor absorption decreasre over time. In the third part, the results of long-term projections (for the period of 1986 and 1995) for age-sex specific participation rates are discussed. The participation rate of total males is anticipated to increase slightly, which is contrary to the recent trend of declining participation rates of this group. For the groups aged 25 and below, the participation rates are forecast to decline although the magnitude of decrease is likely to shrink. On the other hand, the participation rate of prime- age males (25 to 59 years old) is predicted to increase slightly during 1985 and 1990. For the case of females, except for 20∼24 and 25∼34 age groups, the participation rates are projected to decrease: the participation rates of 25∼34 age group is likely to remain at its current level, while the participation rate of 20∼24 age group is expected to increase considerably in the future (specifi- cally, from 55% in 1985 to 61% in 1990 and to 69% in 1995). In conclusion, while the number of an excess supply of labor will increase in absolute magnitude, its size as a ratio of total labor force is not likely to increase. However, the age composition of labor force is predicted to change; that is, the proportion of prime-age male and female labor force is projected to increase.

• 한국병원경영학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.46-55
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• 2024

Objective: This study was conducted to provide basic data for the establishment of effective health policies for the unmet medical experience that may occur among the elderly depending on whether they live in a singleperson household or not. Methodology: This study used data from the 8th National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2019-2020) and excluded cases with missing values in variables for the total number of respondent participants of 15,469. Finally, 2,850 subjects aged 65 or older were selected for final analysis. This study examined the relationship between experiences of unmet medical needs, attempting to confirm the relationship between single-person households and unmet medical needs through subgroup analysis considering gender, age, and household income. Results: According to the results, in the case of single-person households, the odds ratio (OR) for unmet medical needs was significantly higher at 1.60 times (95% CI: 1.16-2.21). Upon conducting subgroup analyses for gender, age, and household income quintiles, the OR was significantly higher at 2.24 times (95% CI: 1.14-4.41) for males and 1.48 times (95% CI: 1.02-2.14) for females, statistically significant in both cases. For individuals aged 65-69, the OR was significantly higher at 1.90 times (95% CI: 1.04-3.47), but for those aged 70-74 and over 75, it was not statistically significant. In the case of households with 'low' income, the OR was higher at 1.62 times (95% CI: 1.16-2.26), and for 'middle' income, it was significantly higher at 3.21 times (95% CI: 1.08-9.51). Conclusion: This study confirmed that the experience of unmet medical care is high among men who make up single-person households and low-income seniors. Therefore, this study suggests that policies to expand medical services and support welfare for single-person households should be established to resolve these problems, showing that health policies that take into account individual and regional characteristics are needed to improve medical accessibility for single-person households.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.99-108
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• 2003

Background: There is abundance of studies on the decrease in body fat through limited calorie intake or exercise; however, studies focusing simultaneously on functional foods and exercise are rare. This study was aimed to identify the effects of combination of a functional beverage and exercise on body composition and biochemical metabolic profiles. Method: Eighty-one healthy volunteers (69 females aged 19 to 50 years and 12 males aged 19 to 55 years), who maintained their body weight stable with 23 or higher in BMI (kg/$m^2$) and 25% or higher body fat for the last three months, were recruited in the study through written advertisement. All the subjects gave their informed consent, and the study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The study design was a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled parallel group design. All participants were given 12-week programed-exercise, which was performed 3 times a week. One bottle (100 ml) of test (Garcinia cambogia 300 mg, L-carnitine 20 mg, Soy peptide 1,000 mg) or placebo solution was given daily 30 min before each session of programed-exercise. BMI (body mass index), %fat, local fat amount (visceral and mid-thigh), waist circumference, skin fold thickness and some biochemical metabolic parameters like glucose, insulin and free fatty acids, etc in the blood were measured and compared before and after 12-week intervention within groups as well as between groups according to the protocol Results: Twenty six volunteers were dropped out and fifty five volunteers completed the study. At the end of 4, 8, and 12 weeks, approximately 1.98%, 3.00% and 3.50% losses of initial body weight were observed, respectively, in the test group (P<0.01), and 0.29, % ,0.74%, 1.60%, respectively, in the placebo group (P>0.05). BMI changed by 2.40%, 3.41% and 4.46%, respectively, in the test group, and 0.38%, 0.95% and 1.75%, respectively, in the placebo group, at each period of time. The reductions of body weight and BMI were significantly higher in the test group than in the placebo group at each period of time (P<0.05). Conclusions: It is thought that the combination of functional beverage, which contains mostly garcinia cambogia, L-carnitine, and soy peptide, and exercise have synergy effects on reducing body fat.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제37권12호
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• pp.1599-1608
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• 2008

본 연구는 농촌지역 노인들의 만성질환 예방을 위한 건강증진사업에 기초 자료를 제공하고자 안동시 읍면지역 농촌의 50세 이상 주민 1,384명을 대상으로 신체계측과 생화학적 영양상태를 측정하고 평가하였으며, 이들의 관련성을 분석하였다. 평균 연령은 62.7세(남자 63.8세, 여자 62.0세)였고, 연령별 분포는 $50{\sim}59$세가 33.0%, $60{\sim}69$세가 50.0%, 70세 이상이 17.0%이었다. 평균 신장은 남녀 각각 163.7과 151.5 cm, 평균 체중은 각각 63.3과 57.3 kg, 허리둘레 평균은 각각 82.5와 86.8 cm로 신장과 체중은 국민건강영양조사보다 작았지만 여자의 허리둘레는 더 큰 것으로 나타났다. 체질량지수는 남녀 각각 23.6과 $24.9kg/m^2$로 국민건강영양조사보다 높았으며, 체지방율은 각각 21.8%와 31.8%였다. 비만 유병율이 체질량지수로는 남자 28.7%, 여자 47.3%였고, 50대 여자의 비만 유병율이 전국 평균(39.8%)보다 매우 높았다. 체지방율에 의한 비만 유병율은 남녀 각각 25.8%, 50.8%였으며, 남녀 모두 70세 이상에서 가장 높아 각각 37.5%와 58.5% 를 나타내었다. 허리둘레에 의한 복부비만은 남녀 각각 15.6%, 80.0%였으며, 50대 여자의 복부비만이 84.7%로서 전국 평균($50{\sim}54$세 60.7%, $55{\sim}59$세 69.6%)보다 매우 높았다. 수축기 혈압은 남녀 각각 136.9와 133.6 mmHg, 이완기 혈압은 각각 83.8과 82.5 mmHg로, 국민건강영양조사보다 수축기 혈압은 남자는 다소 높고 여자는 비슷하였으며, 이완기 혈압은 남녀 모두 다소 높은 것으로 나타났다. 혈색소치는 남자 14.3 g/dL, 여자 13.0 g/dL로 국민건강영양조사와 비슷하였으나, 헤마토크리트치는 남자 44.7%, 여자 39.8%로 전국 평균보다 높았다. 혈액의 지질 양상을 보면, 중성지방은 남녀 각각 98.5와 101.7 mg/dL로서 남녀 간에 유의적인 차이가 없었으나, 총 콜레스테롤치는 각각 170.0과 183.1 mg/dL, LDL-콜레스테롤치는 각각 106.8과 119.9 mg/dL로서 여자가 남자보다 더 높았으며, HDL-콜레스테롤은 각각 43.3과 42.7 mg/dL로서 성별 차이가 없었다. 국민건강영양조사보 다 중성지방, 총 콜레스테롤 및 HDL-콜레스테롤이 모두 낮았으며 낮은 총 콜레스테롤치는 낮은 HDL-콜레스테롤치에 기인한 것으로 분석되었다. 공복 혈당은 남녀 각각 96.7과 93.0 mg/dL로 여자의 공복 혈당이 국민건강영양조사에 비해 매우 낮았다. 혈액의 과산화지질 농도는 남녀 각각 4.50과 4.32 nmole/mL였으며, 정상범위에 속하기는 하지만 정상범 위에서 다소 높은 수치인 것으로 나타났다. 고혈압 유병율은 남녀 각각 58.0%와 47.2%였고, 남자는 60대(61.9%), 여자는 70세 이상 (60.2%)에서 가장 높았다. 철결핍성 빈혈은 혈색소치에 따라 남녀 각각 19.3%와 20.6%, 헤마토크리트치에 따라 각각 7.2%와 11.9%였으며, 70세 이상의 빈혈 유병율 매우 높아(혈색소 기준 남녀 각각 27.4%와 33.3%) 이들에 대한 특별한 관심이 요구된다. 저알부민혈증이 남녀 각각 9.8%와 11.7%로 단백질-열량 섭취 불량이 반영된 것으로 나타났다. 당뇨 유병율이 남자 12.0%, 여자 10.2%였으며, 70세 이상 남자의 당뇨병 유병율이 17.9%로 매우 높았다. 중성지방 이상자 비율은 남녀 각각 7.3%와 6.2%로 전국 평균보다 낮았으며, 고콜레스테롤혈증(남자 19.5%, 여자 30.5%)과 HDL-콜레스테롤 이상자 비율(남자 39.5%, 여자 42.7%)은 전국 평균보다 높았다. 이상 안동시 읍면 지역 농촌의 50세 이상 주민을 대상으로 신체계측과 생화학적 영양상태를 측정하여 분석한 결과, 고혈압 및 고콜레스테롤혈증 유병율이 높았으며, 단백질-열량 불량 상태를 말해 주는 저알부민혈증이 많은 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 70세 이상 노인들에서 철 결핍성 빈혈이 많았고, 50대 여자에서는 비만, 특히 복부 비만이 매우 심각하였으며, 70세 이상 남자에서는 당뇨병 유병율이 매우 높은 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 이 지역 50세 이상 주민을 대상으로 혈압과 혈당을 규칙적으로 측정하도록 유도하며, 소금섭취 저감화와 균형 있는 영양섭취 및 다양한 운동프로그램을 통해 체중을 줄이고 혈압을 낮출 수있는 영양중재프로그램의 운영 필요성이 매우 높은 것으로 사료된다.