• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.195-207
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to observe the rapidly changing men's fashion style in the contemporary society and to analyze the features related to the major-subject groups, male university students. This information could be used for clothing companies to plan commodities, divide markets, and develop designs. The results are as follows. First, several opinions were varied among students' majors. For the opinion about the male students focusing on their external appearance, the students from all majors said that it depends on individual preference. For 4 reasons of external appearances, students from all majors frequently said that they should adjust their external appearance for employment. For the opinion about what is considered the most in the purchase of clothing, most of the students considered about the design of the cloth. For the opinion about influences on the purchase of clothing, major of the students were influenced by their friend or colleague. on the other hand, the students from artistic talent and physical education mentioned other opinion that it depends that it depends on situation and own intention is most important. Second, for the question about clothing behavior, with regard to monthly average shopping control expense, the students from all majors mentioned the amount less than KRW 50,000. For the opinion about the number of shopping, most student mentioned once a season. For the opinion about the store to purchase dress, most students mentioned the use of large shopping mall but the students from business administration and economy mentioned the use of discount store. Third, for the question about preferred style and preferred brand, with regard to the opinion about usual style, the students from all majors have worn casual style. For the opinion about the preferred style, most students mentioned casual style. For the opinion about man's accessory wearing, the students from all majors mentioned that it is good and for the opinion about coordination item, most students mentioned bag.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.387-392
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• 2019

This study analyzed the influence of smartphone addiction on adaptation to school life by using the questionnaire survey method of 431 students of radiological science in six regions. The results showed that 89.6% of students are the general user group, 6.3% the high risk group and 4.2% the potential risk group. Adaptability to school life was found to be social adaptability 3.71, righteous adaptability 3.17 and academic adaptability 2.95. Academic adaptability was 3.06 for male students and 2.79 for female students. And righteous adaptability was 3.26 for male students and 3.03 for female students. As a result, male students were more adaptable than female students in academic adaptability and righteous adaptability, which was statistically significant. And Social adaptability was 3.73 for female students and 3.68 for male students, but there was no significant difference(p<.001). Adaptability to school life by smartphone addiction level was found to be the general user group 3.19, the potential risk group 3.05 and the high risk group 2.81. The difference of righteous adaptability between the general user group and the high risk group was statistically significant. And social and academic adaptability of the general user group and the high risk group was no significant(p<.01).

• Toxicological Research
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.255-263
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• 2017

Chemotherapy is associated with male infertility. Cisplatin (cis-diamminedichloro-platinum (II) (CDDP) as a chemotherapy medication used to treat a number of cancers has been reported to most likely induce testicular toxicity. Administration of antioxidants, such as pentoxifylline (PTX) may reduce some Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) of CDDP. Therefore, this study investigated the potentially protective effects of PTX on CDDP-induced testicular toxicity in adult male rats. For this purpose, 42 male rats were randomly divided into 7 groups. The rats were orally pretreated with PTX at the 3 doses of 75, 150, and 300 mg/kg once a day for 14 successive days. On the $14^{th}$ day of the study, they were intraperitoneally (IP) administered with a single dose of CDDP (7 mg/kg). Finally, the sperm/testis parameters, serum levels of reproductive hormones, including testosterone, Luteinizing Hormone (LH), and Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) as the pivotal endocrine factors controlling testicular functions, and histopathological changes of testis tissue were examined. Pretreatment with the two doses of 75 and 150 mg/kg PTX indicated significant increases in the sperm count and motility induced by CDDP administration. The right and significantly left testis weights were decreased following the treatment with 300 mg/kg of PTX plus CDDP. However, 75 mg/kg of PTX plus CDDP showed the best near-to-normal histopathological features. The results demonstrated that PTX alone enhanced some parameters, such as the sperm count, while reducing other parameters, including sperm fast motility and germ layer thickness. Furthermore, despite testosterone or LH levels, the mean serum FSH level was significantly augmented by the doses of 75 and 150 mg/kg. It was concluded that PTX administration cannot reduce CDDP-induced testicular toxicity even at high doses (e.g., 300 mg/kg), while it seemed to partially intensify CDDP toxicity effects at a dose of 75 mg/kg. Thus, further research is required in this regard.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.373-381
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• 1997

The anxiety and depression level of new outpatients wert studied clinically by means of The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale(HAD). 64 males and 97 females were subjected at local dental clinic and also 6l male and 91 females were studied at the Dept. of Oral Medicine, PNUH, during period from 1996 to 1997 The obtained results were as follows : 1. Anxiety disorder was 17.76% in the new dental outpatients of university hospital and 13.66% in the local dental Clinic find depression disorder was 7.23% In the University hospital and 3.72% in the local dental clinic. 2. Mean values of depression and anxiety level were within normal range. 3. Anxiety level in female was significantly higher than that in male at the local dental clinic (p<0.05). 4. Anxiety and depression level in university hospital outpatients decreased in order of clerk, housewife and student(p<0.01). 5. The outpatients of university hospital with lower education level showed more anxious and depressed. 6. Anxiety and depression of unmarried group of new outpatients in university hospital was higher than that of married group. Through the above results, proper treatment plans will be demanded In the dental procedure, because psychologic 야sorders as anxiety and depression were included in the 25% of new outpatients of university hospital and 17% at local dental clinic.

• Korean Medical Education Review
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.21-27
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• 2007

Even though 35% of Korean medical students are female, medical schools and hospitals maintain a strongly male-dominated culture which discourages female students from active career development. In 2006, Yonsei Medical school instigated an elective course entitled "Women in Medicine" to encourage and stimulate 51 female students who enrolled the course. Researchers conducted participant observations at all 6 lectures, as well as 2 surveys and 4 student fucus group discussions comprising a total of 18 students. The total satis faction r ate of the course was high at 4.6 points out of a 5-point score Nevertheless, the study results confirmed three conflict points between lectures and students. Firstly, the lecturers emphasized the excellence and carrier-goal oriented life style, whereas most students are more interested in an ordinary women doctor's life. Secondly, the lecturers emphasized the importance of husband and family's support for success in their career but most female students have little confidence in their ability to achieve a balance between work and family. Thirdly, the lecturers emphasized the women doctor who is able to lead a team effectively, but women students have few opportunities to play a leadership role in their school life. These study findings imply that there is a generation gap in the concept of "successful women doctor's life" between lecturers and students. and that interactive dialogue between lecturer and students is more important than lecture style presentations from extremely successful female doctors. In addition to such lectures, a leadership program based on active student participation should be developed.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.2170-2177
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• 2012

The ratio of index finger length to ring finger length(2D:4D) is an index of prenatal testosterone and/or estrogen exposure. The aim of this study is to investigate digit ratio and the type of gender-role orientation, to identify the correlation between 2D:4D and gender-role orientation in health and medical students. Participants were 120 male and 146 female university students majoring in health or medicine. After filling in KSRI(Korean Sex Role Inventory), 2nd and 4th finger lengths were measured on both hands using vernier callipers with photocopy. This study showed 2D:4D in the males was 0.95, and that in the females was 0.96 (p<0.01). 38.3% male students revealed androgyny, on the other hand, 35.6% female students revealed undifferentiated type from KSRI. And also, there was a significant difference in masculinity score between male and female but not in feminity score. There was no significant difference in 2D:4D according gender role orientation. The KSRI masculinity score was negatively related to 2D:4D of left hand in male (p<0.05). The results of this study suggest that a more masculine gender role orientation in males is associated with low 2D:4D revealing higher testosterone and/or lower estrogen level in utero. However, more research in 2D:4D ratio to Korean is needed for support of this result.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.369-378
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• 1994

This study was surveyed by 319 male and 336 female college students in Seoul for food behavior and effect of Western food on food life. The results were summarized as follows; 1. The recognition of Korean folk food was higher in female than male students. 2. Eating type of college students appeared that they prefered to cooked rice at breakfast, lunch, and dinner because of a general food type of their family. 3. The favorite food items in college students showed fruits in female and meat in male. 4. Eating out type with family appeared mainly Korean food, because of their preference. 5. The 29% of college students visited fast food restaurants more than $1{\sim}2$ times per week. 6. In compared to Western food, the Korean food were favored by college students but cooking process of food were complicated. 7. The preference of Korean food against Western food was mostly higher in male than female. 8. The standard of food choice were taste and convenience of food. 9. Main factor of food habit change appeared convenience of buying easily. 10. The influence of the Western food in our food behavior were easy to buying but not fit our preference. 11. Opinion of students in order to keep Korean food were follows; Various food development, enlargement of consumption market, correct education about Korean food and change of people consciousness through consumer campaign.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.221-228
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• 2021

Objective: This study investigated the effect of crocin in methylglyoxal (MGO)-induced diabetic male mice. Methods: Seventy 1-month-old male NMRI mice weighing 20-25 g were divided into seven groups (n=10): sham, MGO (600 mg/kg/day), MGO+crocin (15, 30, and 60 mg/kg/day), MGO+metformin (150 mg/kg/day), and crocin (60 mg/kg/day). MGO was administered orally for 30 days. Starting on day 14, after confirming hyperglycemia, metformin and crocin were administered orally. On day 31, plasma and tissue samples were prepared for experimental assessments. Results: Blood glucose and insulin levels in the MGO group were higher than those in the sham group (p<0.001), and decreased in response to metformin (p<0.001) and crocin treatment (not at all doses). Testis width and volume decreased in the MGO mice and improved in the crocin-treated mice (p<0.05), but not in the metformin group. Superoxide dismutase levels decreased in diabetic mice (p<0.05) and malondialdehyde levels increased (p<0.001). Crocin and metformin improved malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase. Testosterone (p<0.001) and sperm count (p<0.05) decreased in the diabetic mice, and treatment with metformin and crocin recovered these variables. Luteinizing hormone levels increased in diabetic mice (p<0.001) and crocin treatment (but not metformin) attenuated this increase. Seminiferous diameter and height decreased in the diabetic mice and increased in the treatment groups. Vacuoles and ruptures were seen in diabetic testicular tissue, and crocin improved testicular morphology (p<0.01). Conclusion: MGO increased oxidative stress, reduced sex hormones, and induced histological problems in male reproductive organs. Crocin and metformin improved the reproductive damage caused by MGO-induced diabetes.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.69-78
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• 2013

This study investigated various attributes that contributed to successful employment in order to develop employment support programs, especially for female engineering students. We surveyed engineering students who graduated between 2006 and 2011. The 401 employed graduates participated in an online survey. The surveys inquired about their attachment towards their major, participation in various academic and non-academic activities, and their participation's contribution to their successful employment. In regards to their majors, women, in general, had lower levels of satisfaction, confidence, attachment, and motivation to succeed in their fields when compared to their male counterparts. These results show that engineering colleges still need to work on empowering female engineering students to gain confidence in their engineering major and attachment. The graduate school experience was highly rated by both men and women, whereas double majors exhibited somewhat lower scores. Among academic activities, part-time work experience and major-related internships were rated as the most helpful, and among extracurricular activities, study-abroad for language training and participation in student council or clubs received high scores. There was little difference between men and women in study-abroad participation, and women participated more actively in student councils. However, women had much less major-related work experience, reaffirming that colleges need to expand internship and field experience programs for female students.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.1-15
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• 2002

This research aimed to find out menu preference for middle school students and was conducted in a form of questionnaire sampled form middle school students in 10 schools where the meal program under commission was operating in Seoul. The questionnaire was distributed from Dec. 1 to 20, 2000 and gathered menu preference of staple, soup or stew, side dishes and dessert by each meal, season, gender. Statistical data analysis was completea using the SAS package, such as average and standard deviation, frequency analysis and T-test. The results can be summarized as follows : Most of the schools provided rice for lunch, while the students preferred noodles, mandu and bread. Most of students preferd beef rib soup. Gimchi stew with clear soup was favored for breakfast and stews for lunch and dinner. Side dishes were more favored by female students, in which shows the differences between male and female students. Students preferred dessert the most with fruits(4.49). It is required that the quality of school meals should be improved through the service of various kinds of desserts.