• The Journal of Korean Medicine
• /
• v.35 no.1
• /
• pp.88-98
• /
• 2014

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between bone age, chronological age, anthropometric parameters, and diagnosed pulse rate on child-adolescence's growth according to sex and the revelation of secondary sexual characteristics. Methods: Growth-concerned 44 children and adolescence (from 6 to 16 years) were analyzed in retrospective study. They visited Korean Medical Clinic in Suwon, Korea from January 2012 to October 2013. Individual bone age (BA), chronological age (CA), Risser sign, anthropometric parameters, and pulse rate were measured. The correlations of each variable were done by Pearson analysis, Spearman analysis and Regression analysis. Results: 1. The female group was shown to have stronger negative correlation between pulse rate and BA, CA than the male group. In gender analysis, the female group showed negative correlation between weight and pulse rate. 2. In a further analysis according to the revelation of secondary sexual characteristics, the group of child-adolescent without secondary sexual characteristics was shown to have stronger negative correlation between pulse rate and BA, CA than the group with secondary sexual characteristics. The height percentile and pulse rate were negative correlation in secondary sexual character being. 3. The Risser sign and pulse rate were not correlated in this study. Conclusions: These findings suggested that a regular and continual measurement of pulse rate is effective in estimating potential for growth in child-adolescent group.

• Animal cells and systems
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.105-109
• /
• 2003

Morphological characteristics of nymphal instars are described for a Korean wood-feeding cockroach, Cryptocercus kyebangensis. Eleven instars, including adults, were tentatively identified. Female adults had apicolateral emargination and a truncated apical median prominence in the seventh sternite, and female nymphs of the other instars except for the last had a narrowly rounded apical median prominence in the seventh sternite. In the last instar, the seventh sternite was partially desclerotized and somewhat shriveled at the start of the emarginated area. In contrast, males showed no emargination in adults, and had a rounded broad apical median in this area of all instars. In the ninth sternite, female nymphs had a medium notch on the caudal margin and styli were separated before reaching adulthood, whereas no such notch was observed in male nymphs. The styli remained prominent in the ninth sternite of male adults.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• v.42 no.2
• /
• pp.50-59
• /
• 2018

Background: Duodichogamy is the rarest form of dichogamy in angiosperms, which is characterized by flowering in the sequence of male${\rightarrow}$female${\rightarrow}$male. Disentangling factors promoting duodichogamy require the discovery of more duodichogamous species in angiosperms. However, extremely limited information on duodichogamous species makes it difficult to make general conclusions. Given the inflorescence morphology and flowering characteristics, the Meliaceae family is highly likely to contain duodichogamous species. Methods: We selected 48 individuals from 20 populations in Korea and investigated their flower morphology, arrangement of flowers by sexual condition within inflorescences, and flowering phases and duration of male and female flowers of Toona sinensis (Meliaceae) for 5 years (2011-2015) to determine if the species shows duodichogamous flowering. Results: Toona sinensis belonging to Meliaceae possessed functionally unisexual flowers with rudimentary parts of the opposite sex. The floral organs in male were larger than those in female, except for ovary length and width. In dichasium, male flowers were observed on primary or lateral branches, whereas female flowers were borne only on lateral branches. Overall, individuals from six different populations flowered in the male${\rightarrow}$female${\rightarrow}$male sequence, thereby male is blooming far longer than female flowers at the level of individual trees (male vs. female = 17-20 days vs. 2-4 days). Conclusions: This is the first study to report a duodichogamously flowering species, T. sinensis, within Meliaceae. Several flowering characteristics observed from T. sinensis may be important clues used to discover additional duodichogamous Meliaceae species. Short flowering period and relatively small number of female flowers, which is analogous to reduced ovule numbers observed in other duodichogamous species, may intensify male-male competition in T. sinensis. This study contributed to narrowing down potential candidates of duodichogamy based on their geographic distributions and flowering time.

• Annals of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism
• /
• v.23 no.4
• /
• pp.220-225
• /
• 2018

Androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS) is a rare genetic disease caused by various abnormalities in the androgen receptor (AR). The AR is an essential steroid hormone receptor that plays a critical role in male sexual differentiation and development and preservation of the male phenotype. Mutations in the AR gene on the X chromosome cause malfunction of the AR so that a 46,XY karyotype male has some physical characteristics of a woman or a full female phenotype. Depending on the phenotype, AIS can be classified as complete, partial or mild. Here, we report 2 cases of complete AIS in young children who showed complete sex reversal from male to female as a result of AR mutations. They had palpable inguinal masses and normal female external genitalia, a blind-end vagina and absent $M{\ddot{u}}llerian$ duct derivatives. They were both 46,XY karyotype and AR gene analysis demonstrated pathologic mutations in both. Because AIS is inherited in an X-linked recessive manner, we performed genetic analysis of the female family members of each patient and found the same mutation in the mothers of both patients and in the female sibling of case 2. Gonadectomy was performed in both patients to avoid the risk of malignancy in the undescended testicles, and estrogen replacement therapy is planned for their adolescence. Individuals with complete AIS are usually raised as females and need appropriate care.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
• /
• v.39
• /
• pp.283-299
• /
• 1998

The present study is to analyze the dimensions of affective responses according to the types of appeal in underwear advertisements and to find out the influences of affective res-ponses on the attitudes toward advertisement and brands. The research has been made by normative-descriptive survey method with the sample of 654 consumers residing in Seoul and Incheon. The data gaathered was analyzed by the methods of means, standard deviation, ANOVA, factor analysis and regression. The result are as follows : 1. There are 4 dimensions of affective responses ; Emotional dimension, Negative dimen-sion, Upbeat-activation dimension and Sexual activation dimension. 2. Affective responses to the advertising were different according to the characteristics of the consumers. According to the consumer's sex, there are significant differences in each dimension of their affective responses. To the sex appeal advertisement, man show higher degree of affective responses in Emotional, Upbeat-activation and Sexual-activation dim-ensions, while women show higher degree of affective responses in Negative dimension. 3. In case of female consumers, there are significant differences in affective responses to the both appeal type of advertisements according to consumer's age. As the age is increasing. Emotional dimension and Sexual-activation dimension are increasing, but Negative dimension is decreasing in the Ads with sex appeal. In particular, the 19∼24s age group shows strong responses in the Emotional dimension, Upbeat-activation dimension and Sexual-activation dimension to Ads with sex appeal, while it shows the lowest affective responses in Negative dimension. It represents the 19-24s age group is the most positive one to the under-wear advertisements with sex appeal. Consequently, it is proved that the Ads with sex appeal focusing on this age group can be one of the most effective advertising plans. 4. The involvement gets higher, Upbeat-ac-tivation dimension and Sexual-activation dimension are increasing both in males and female groups. But Negative dimension is in-creasing in the female consumer group of low involvement. 5. The attitudes toward advertisements and brands are comparatively stronger in the advertisements using sex appeal type. Regardless of types of appeal in the advertisements, there is a significant difference in their attitudes tow-ard Ads between male and female consumer groups. When Ads are sexual, attitudes toward Ads and Brands are stronger in the female consumer group. But males consumers show com-paratively strong attitudes toward the advertis-ements and brands in both types of appeal. 6. The age of consumers doesn't make any significant difference in their attitudes toward advertisements and brands in both types of appeal. 7. According to the involvement level of the consumers, there are significant differences in their attitudes toward advertisements. In the groups of low involvement, the female consumers show more favorite attitudes toward the advertisements with sex appeal, while the male group show more favorite attitudes toward the non-sex appeal advertisement. But there is no significant difference in consumer's attitude toward brands according to the types of appeal of the advertisement. 8. The affective responses of the consumers caused by the underwear advertisements have a respectable influence on their attitudes toward the advertisements and brands. This research represents that the advertisers should try to arise consumer's positive affective responses such as pleasant, happy, cheerful and warm-hearted emotions by the advertisements. Based on the above results of the research, it can be said that the consumer's affective responses have a strong effect not only on their attitudes toward adver-tisements but on those toward attitude toward the brands.

• Child Health Nursing Research
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.62-73
• /
• 2001

The purpose of the study is to identify the differences about knowledge and attitude between the subjects exposed to pc pornography and the control group not exposed to pc pornography. The study was executed from July 12 through July 16. The subjects were 423 middle school boys. The comparison points were their ethical sexual knowledges and sexual attitudes. The collected data was analysed by SPSS WIN(including multiplicand, percentage, χ²-test, revised Fisher and t-test). The results of their study were as follows ; 1. The pc-related characteristics of the subjects. The subjects exposed pc pornography showed 51.8％ rate of exposure to printed pornography. The control group showed the rate of 26.4％. The former group owned their pc(81.5％), however, the latter group showed 66.7％. The former group set their pc sets in their study rooms(66.1％) however, the latter group installed those in their study rooms(73.6％). The former group experienced internet pc communications(62.5％),however, the latter group showed 40.2％. The former group made use of their pc sets in recreation(entertainment) programs(77.0％), however, the latter group showed the rate of 67.8％. The former group showed that their school performance levelled up after their pc manipulation(80.0％), however, the latter group showed the rate of 86.2％. The former group replied that their pc manipulation contributed to their friendship(50.3％), however, the latter group showed the higher rate of 74.7％. The both groups replied that their family dialogs and contacts rather reduced (78.9％ and 78.2％ respectively). The both groups revealed that they reduced the TV watching the rate 76.5％ and 48.3％ respectively. The differences between two groups were surveyed in the level of 95％ significance and the items such as 'contacts to printed pornography, pc possession or none, pc use rate, friendship occasions and the reduced time of TV watching' showed the significant differences. 2. The differences of two groups' sexual knowledges. As to the sexual knowledges, the both groups showed 41.1 and 34.1 points against 100 points respectively. The statistical differences were significant(t=2.72, p=.007). The 5 items among 17 showed the significant differences between two groups. 'The concept of masturbation' was χ²=5.033, p=.025. 'The prejudice to masturbation' showed χ²=9.902, p=.002 'The difference between female and male as to sexual excitement' showed χ²=7.985, p=.005. 'The positiveness of masturbation' showed χ²=10.205, p=.001. 'The differences between two sexes as to sexual impulse and sexual desire' showed χ²=8.463, p=.004. In conclusion, The former group showed the higher knowledges than the latter group. 3. The differences of two groups' sexual attitudes. The 4 items such as 'the curiosity to the other sex'(t=2.22, p=.027), 'the attention to pornography'(t=3.39, p=.001), 'the permission to pre-marriage intercourse'(t=2.15, p=.032) and 'the preference to the female body exposure'(t=2.67, p=.008) showed the differences between two groups as to sexual attitudes.

• Applied Microscopy
• /
• v.31 no.1
• /
• pp.91-99
• /
• 2001

The antennal sensilla of the adult male and female ladybird beetle, Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) were examined by scanning electron microscopy. Nine types of sensilla were characterized and grouped into 5 morphological classes: $B\ddot{o}hm$, basiconic, chetiform, coeloconlc, and trichoid sensilla. $B\ddot{o}hm$ sensilla were localized on the scape and pedicel, part of the ventral and dorsal proximal side. This placement suggests a role in proportion of antennal position and movement. Basiconic and chetiform sensilla were divided into 3 subtypes by morphology and length differences. Trichoid sensilla are confined to the last 2 flagellum segments on both sexes. Sexual dimorphism of antennal sensilla is limited to the three types of difference. The principal characteristics of this dimorphism are the following: a) The distribution of sensilla was differ from male and female in antennae. b) Males exhibit coeloconic sensilla not present in females; c) Females posses more trichoid sensilla than males. The possible role of specific dilference of the sensilla in intersexual communication is discussed.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.55 no.6
• /
• pp.927-937
• /
• 2022

The reproductive characteristics of Pacific anchovy, Engraulis japonicus were investigated using samples randomly collected from the southern waters of Korea between January and December 2021. We analyzed monthly changes in maturity stages, gonadosomatic index (GSI), egg diameter, fecundity, and fork length (FL) at sexual groups maturity of 50%, 75% and 97.5%, and sex ratio (female:male). GSI value showed two peaks in May and August; however, microscopic analysis of E. japonicus gonad tissue revealed that the spawning period was from March to October. The main spawning seasons for the entire populations were from April to June and August to September. The overall sex ratio was female-biased (1 females, 0.89 male). The fecundity (F) of female anchovies ranged from 429 eggs at an FL of 8.0 cm to 13,824 eggs at an FL of 14.9 cm and the relationship between FL and F was 0.0788FL^4.422. The FL at 50% group maturity was 8.26 cm for female anchovies. Based on the results, we suggest that the reproductive cycle in Pacific anchovies may be related to pulses in water temperature and the sexual cycle of the fish.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
• /
• v.11 no.3
• /
• pp.145-152
• /
• 2020

This study investigated the differences in health behaviors of adolescents depending on their sexual experiences. Secondary data analysis was conducted using the data of 61,861 respondents from the 2017 adolescents' health behavior online survey in Korea. Adolescents with sexual experience were typically male, in high school, from a boy's school, had low academic performance, lived apart from their parents, and of either high or low economic status; their health behaviors were characterized by more physical activity, stress, sadness and hopelessness, thought/planned/attempted suicide, drinking, and smoking. Almost half of adolescents with sexual experience (48.9%) did not use contraception. The results of this study are significant and can contribute to the development of sex education programs when considering the characteristics of Korean adolescents and their sexual health.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
• /
• v.54 no.3
• /
• pp.27-42
• /
• 2004

Music videos provide for many others images, alluring the audience to fall in another emotional world, while the sexual images shown in them suggest new images of man and woman. Today, men's images are being interpreted from various viewpoints. As interests in men's fashion are visualized through music video clothing, not only juveniles who want to be identified with the music video images but also adults try to imitate them, and proceed to wear the clothing, obliterating the boundary between 'reality' and 'illusion' and creating new images of men. This study is aimed at reviewing the male images shown in the music videos, particular their clothing, produced between 2000 and 2002. The results of this study could be summarized as follows : 1. Since beginning of the human history, men's image has been characterized by patriarchal system, capitalism, bourgeois class which emerged after industrial revolution and other man-dominant socio-cultural phenomena, such male image are shown in the music video as conservative and dominant image. 2. However, due to the post-modern culture, the power began to be decentralized. while feminism and men's liberation movement gain strength. As a result, women or heterosexuals began to regard men as sexual objects, and such a phenomenon is featured as sexual, bisexual or decadent images in the music videos. 3. On the threshold of the 21st century, music videos have begun to creatively describe men's life, their social conflicts, dreams and hopes and death and thereby. feature men's such images as being destroyed in view of existentialism. The numerous creative men's images interpreted in this way are featured in many music video works only to create playful, cyborg or demonic images using the senses. After all, men's images are featured in the music video costumes in diverse ways ranging from the conventional images to acquiescent images. In addition, various male images are combined with the characteristics of the music videos to be re-created anew. The young men in the our modern age tend to imitate or apply such images to create their own images or individualistic styles. All in all, men's image can be fixed no longer but diversified and fragmented in the new age.