• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.166-173
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• 1994

Sex hormones not only regulate external sexual characteristics but several internal biochemical processes. It is well accepted that life-span of female is longer than that of male. Life-span is closely related with aging process in which free radicals are known to be involved. We investigated the effect of testosterone on free radical generating systems and lipid peroxidation based on the sexual difference. Lipid peroxide levels of male and female mouse were increased proportionately with age, especially in male mouse. Increase in enzyme activity of aldehyde oxidase with age was observed in male mouse, while no siginificant change in enzyme activity was found in female mouse. Enzyme activity of xanthine oxidase also showed similar results. It, however, was not significant statistically. Lipid peroxide level and xanthine oxidase type conversion ratio of male and female mouse liver homogenate incubated at $37^{\circ}C$, increased remarkably in proportion to incubation time, especially in male mouse. Lipid peroxide level and aldehyde oxidase activity were measured in normal male mouse, castrated mouse and testosterone treated-castrated mouse. Castrated mouse group showed decrease in lipid peroxide level and aldehyde oxidase activity compared with normal group. Treatment of castrated mouse with testosterone, however turned the level of lipid peroxide and aldehyde oxidase activity back to normal. From the above results, it might be concluded that testosteron could increase the activities of free radical generating enzymes which would result in the formation of lipid peroxide, consequently leading to aging.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.12 no.8
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• pp.1292-1297
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• 1999

A preference test on feed and nutrient intakes were conducted on four male ($1.25{\pm}0.08kg$) and four female ($1.21{\pm}0.15kg$) lesser mouse deer (Tragulus javanicus) in captivity. Each animal was kept in individual cages placed in a well-ventilated animal house. The experiment was conducted in two weeks, where the first week was for adaptation to the feeds and the second week for measurements of nutrient intake, nutrient digestibility and nitrogen balance. The feeds offered were kangkong (Ipomoea aquatica), long bean (Vigna sinensis) and french bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) as roughages and proteinaceous feeds; sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) and carrot (Daucus carota) as carbohydrate-rich feeds; and commercial rabbit pellet (0.3 cm diameter and 0.5 cm long) as a complete feed. The dry matter (DM) content of each feed in the order mentioned above was 7.1, 6.1, 3.9, 18.5, 6.2 and 87.6%, respectively. Long bean had the highest protein (CP) content (29.7%), while sweet potato had the lowest (6.2%). The CP contents of other feeds were within the range of 14.2 - 25.1%. Among the feeds, carrot had the lowest energy content (3.83 kcal/g) and long bean the highest (4.67 kcal/g). When fresh weight of the feed was considered, the male mouse deer consumed sweet potato the most ($86.3{\pm}12.90g/d$), but the female had a high preference for carrot ($79.2{\pm}9.76g/d$). The other feeds were consumed in lesser amounts. However, in terms of DM of the feed, the amount of commercial pellet consumed was the highest for both male ($45.0{\pm}5.10%$) and female ($44.7{\pm}7.38%$) mouse deer, followed by sweet potato ($33.1{\pm}4.43%$ and $22.4{\pm}7.73%$ for male and female, respectively). Significant (p<0.05) differences in DM, organic matter (OM) and gross energy (GE) intakes were observed between male and female mouse deer. The male consumed higher amount of DM, OM and GE than the female. The total DM intake was $40.7{\pm}2.24g/d/kg$ $W^{0.75}$ for male and $35.9{\pm}1.72g/d/kg$ $W^{0.75}$ for female mouse deer. Percentage digestibilities of DM, OM, CP and GE were within 72.7~80.8% and were not significantly different between male and female mouse deer. However, male mouse deer had significantly (p<0.05) higher digestible DM, OM and GE intakes than the female. Both male and female mouse deer were in positive nitrogen balance (0.6 g N/d/kg $W^{0.75}$). The male mouse deer gained $7.6{\pm}3.45g/d$, while the female gained $4.3{\pm}2.40g/d$.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.138-143
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• 2015

This study was carried out to evaluate the preventive effect of three forms of Korean ginseng roots (fresh, white and red) against bisphenol A (BPA) toxicity in mouse male germ cells (GC-2spd, TM3, TM4). ROS (reactive oxygen species) generation were measured by DCF-DA (2',7'-dichlorohydrofluorescein diacetate) assay. Also, semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed to quantify the mRNA expression levels of apoptosis-related genes, Bax (pro-apoptotic gene) and Bcl2 (anti-apoptotic gene). ROS generation was increased by $50{\mu}M$ BPA, but definitely decreased by treatment with Korean ginseng extracts (fresh, white and red) in mouse male germ cells. In especial, Korean fresh ginseng extract reduced significantly ROS production to normal control. In addition, Korean fresh and white ginseng extracts suppressed the apoptosis of mouse male germ cells by fine-tuning mRNA levels of apoptotic genes changed by BPA. In general, Korean fresh ginseng extract was more effective than white ginseng extract for reducing BPA-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in mouse male germ cells. Therefore, Korean fresh and white ginseng may help to alleviate biphenol A toxicity in mouse male germ cells.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Toxicology Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.157-157
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• 2005

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Developmental Biology Conference
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• 1998.07a
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• pp.50-51
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• 1998

guanidinoacetate methyltransferase (GAMT) catalyzes the last step of creatine biosynthesis in mammals. Creatine plays an important role in cellular energy metabolism in variety of tissues including brain and male reproductive tract. Congenital deficiency of the enzyme leads to a neurologic disorder in humans. We used an interspecific backcross DNA panel to map Gamt to the central region of mouse Chromosome (Chr) 10 near the locus of hesitant mutation affecting male fertility. We assigned the human GAMT gene to Chr 19 by PCR analysis of a human/rodent somatic hybrid cell line DNA panel, and further localized the human gene to Chr 19 at band p13.3 by PCR analysis of a human radiation hybrid DNA panel. Human chr 19p13.3 is homologous to the central part of mouse Chr 10 where mouse Gamt is located. Furthermore, this part of mouse Chr 10 contains mutant loci the phenotype of which is similar to the GAMT deficiency in human.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.25-30
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• 2002

Quantitative structure-toxicity relationships (QSTRs) between various physicochemical parameters of substituents in new herbicidal N-phenyl-3,4-dimethylphthalimide derivatives and their discriminate score (DS) for chronic and acute toxicities against mouse and rat evaluated using TOPKAT calculation were discussed quantitatively. From the basis on the findings, it was shown that carcinogenicities of female was higher than that of male and mouse had higher tendency than rat. The STR analyses results of Hansch-Fujita type equations suggested that mouse (female & male) and rat male except rat female are dependent on LUMO energy commonly in carcinogenicity. The selective carcinogenicity factor of two species between male mouse and female mouse is dependent on optimal value (ca. $(L)_{opt.}=5.0{\AA}$) for length of $R_2$-substituent mainly. According to Free-Wilson approach, in the case of rat male, alkyl and aryl substituents were superior and in the other case, contribution of fluoro group substituents were superior to chronic toxicity.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.159-162
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• 2004

We investigated the cytogenetic characteristics of male black-striped field mouse (Apodemus agrarium) in Korea. Chromosome slides were obtained from blood cell cultures which were synchronized with thymidine blocking or not. In the chromosome slide which synchronization with thymidine blocking was employed on, the GTG(G bands by trypsin using Giemsa)-bands of high resolution were observed. The male black-striped field mouse has 48 chromosomes composed 46 autosomes and XY sex chromosomes. The centromeric regions of autosomes were positive to GTG-banding. According to this investigation, thymidine blocking in cell culture process was useful to get lengthened chromosomes. It may be necessary to employ RBG-banding technique to investigate complementary band patterns between R- and G-banding in black-striped field mouse.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.71-78
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• 2017

Nesfatin-1/NUCB2 is known to take part in the control of the appetite and energy metabolism. Recently, many reports have shown nesfatin-1/NUCB2 expression and function in various organs. We previously demonstrated that nesfatin-1/NUCB2 expression level is higher in the pituitary gland compared to other organs and its expression is regulated by $17{\beta}-estradiol$ and progesterone secreted from the ovary. However, currently no data exist on the expression of nesfatin-1/NUCB2 and its regulation mechanism in the pituitary of male mouse. Therefore, we examined whether nesfatin-1/NUCB2 is expressed in the male mouse pituitary and if its expression is regulated by testosterone. As a result of PCR and western blotting, we found that a large amount of nesfatin-1/NUCB2 was expressed in the pituitary and hypothalamus. The NUCB2 mRNA expression level in the pituitary was decreased after castration, but not in the hypothalamus. In addition, its mRNA expression level in the pituitary was increased after testosterone treatment in the castrated mice, whereas, the expression level in the hypothalamus was significantly decreased after the treatment with testosterone. The in vitro experiment to elucidate the direct effect of testosterone on NUCB2 mRNA expression showed that NUCB2 mRNA expression was significantly decreased with testosterone in cultured hypothalamus tissue, but increased with testosterone in cultured pituitary gland. The present study demonstrated that nesfatin-1/NUCB2 was highly expressed in the male mouse pituitary and was regulated by testosterone. This data suggests that reproductive-endocrine regulation through hypothalamus-pituitary-testis axis may contribute to NUCB2 mRNA expression in the mouse hypothalamus and pituitary gland.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.305-310
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• 1994

These expriments were carried out to investigate existence of H-Y antibody in the rat serum immunized against H-Y antigen from rat spleen cells and effect of H-Y antiserum on development of mouse male embryos. The results obtained were summerized as follows : 1. When mouse embryos were cultured for 48∼72 hrs in the Ham's F10 containing 16% of FBS(fetal bovine serum) or RNS(rat normal serum), percentages of embryos developed from 2, 4, 8 and 16-cell embryo to morulae were 20, 27, 94 and 100%, respectively, in FBS and 8, 7, 94 and 100%, respectively, in RNS. Eight to 16-cell embryos showed no difference in development rate between FBS adn RNS. 2. When 8∼16-cell mouse embryos were cultured for 24∼48 hrs in the Ham's F10 containing FBS, RNS＋GPC(guinea pig complement) and RAS(rat antiserum)＋GPC, proportions of embryos developed to the expanded blastocyst stage were 100, 82.4 and 52.1∼53.6%(ave.52.9), respectively, so that it was suggested that rat antiserum suppressed development of male embryos. 3. When 8∼16-cell mouse embryos were cultured for 24∼48 hrs in the Ham's F10 containing FBS, RNS, RNS＋GPC and RAS＋GPC, proportions of embryos developed to the expanded blastocyst stage were 94.5, 90.9, 82.3 and 47%, respectively, and the embryos developed in the medium containing RAS＋GPC seemed to be female. These results indicated that the antisera prepared through immunized against H-Y antigen from rat spleen cell, possessed H-Y antibody which supressed development of male embryos.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Toxicology Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.118-118
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• 2001

To find out localization of mercury in male reproductive system, adult male mice were injected subcutaneously with methyl mercuric chloride (1mg/mouse) once per week for 20, 40 and 70 days. The experimental periods later, animals were sacrificed by transcardial perfusion and organs were removed, dehydrated, and embedded in paraffin.(omitted)