• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.37 no.11
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• pp.97-113
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• 1999

The purpose of this is to analyze the perception of sex image by feministic fashion based on the theory of feminism, which has been developed since the 1960’s. Feministic fashion is divided 8 style and analyzed. For this study, surveying photo of feministic fashion and making out questionnaires. The data was collected from 391 university student(184 male, 207 female) living in Taegu and Kyoungpok and is analyzed by factor analysis, t-test. The result are as follows: 1. The Tendency of perceiving Feministic Fashion’s Sexual Image Male had more positive view on the sexual image of see-through and Body-conscious styles than female. And male showed more negative view on the sexual image of lingerie, punk, madonna or disorganized style. There was no significant difference between male and female in their opinion on the sex appeal of fashion that exposed some physical part. Concerning the sexual image of unisex mode, both male and female had an idea that it had nothing to do with sex appeal. Regarding the preference for sex-expressive fashion, they favored see-through and Body-conscious styles most. 2. In relation to clothing behavior toward sex-expressive fashion, both male and female generally revealed a negative view on fashion that exposed physical part and provoked an impression of keen sex appeal. 3. Sexual perception degree about the body, in physical exposure, that physical part from which they felt sex appeal most was the breast. What they most wanted to emphasize was the breast, too. As a physical part that caused their rejection symptom and made them feel hatred both and female pointed out the hips.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.167-184
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• 2021

The objective of this study was to develop a fashion therapy program for improving body image and self-esteem among male workers. Accordingly, the demand for fashion therapy programs was examined by conducting a literature review, survey, and in-depth interviews with men working in the Daegu and Gyeongbuk areas. The results are summarized as follows. The fashion therapy program followed a framework of "introduction-development-final" and was 60 minutes in length, for four sessions (one per week). The contents of the program consisted of a study of the participants' appearance and any concerns they had about their body in Session 1. In Session 2, differences in image perception were examined according to color coding of menswear and personal color. Session 3 comprised understanding what styling is required to supplement men's body shape and what style is suitable for each participant. The content of Session 4 determined how to build social performance or positive image using nonverbal elements. Overall, this study has great significance in that it has developed a study on fashion therapy program originally applied for psychological treatment with women that has been adapted as a program to help improve positive emotions and social competitiveness of male workers in an office environment.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.720-733
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• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate the eating habits, self-perception of body image, and weight control behavior in Korean adolescents by gender. Data pertaining to 70,809 subjects(male 37,090, female 33,719) were obtained from the sixth Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey(2010). The rate of skipping breakfast was 42.5% in male, and 45.8% in female students. The intake frequency of vegetable, milk, soda, fast food, and instant noddles was higher in male than female students. Moreover, 33% of male and 31.9% of female students considered themselves to be somewhat or very obese. Notably, 2.3% of underweight students considered themselves to be obese. Weight control measures were practiced in 44.6% of male, and 54.6% of female students. Meal restrictions were used more frequently to control weight by females, while exercise was used more by males. The perceived stress level was higher in female than male students, especially that due to appearance. Therefore, integrated and personalized high school nutrition programs according to gender should be implemented to establish proper body image perception and eating habits, as well as to develop selfesteem.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.709-718
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to investigate of body mass index, body image, eating attitude, and physical activity in physical education freshman. 341 male and 254 female students were participated in this study, and filled out the BSQ, EAT-26, and IPAQ questionnaire. Based on the their BMI, normal was 67.2%, underweight was 5.4%, overweight was 17.8%, and obesity was 9.6%. The normal rates of male and female were 57.7% vs. 78.7%. The results of BSQ were indicated 48.2% of participants was dissatisfied, and the rates of male and female were 22.9% vs. 82.3%. The results of EAT-26 showed that 20.2% of participants had abnormal eating attitude, and the rates of male and female were 7.3% vs. 37.4%. 99% of participants was physically active. All variables were statistically different between gender. There was positive correlation between body image and eating attitude in male and female students, and BMI was correlated with body image and eating attitude in male students. However, physical activity was no relationship with other variables. In conclusion, physical education students had high rate of dissatisfied in body image and rate of abnormal eating attitude. In addition, the higher dissatisfied in body image was the more abnormal eating attitude. Therefore, the proper education about weight management and change of social awareness may be needed.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.44-53
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• 2006

The purposes of this study were to find out any significants among somatotypes and face types and importance of image making to successful students' life. The respondents were composed of 181 males and 160 females. It consists of total 29 items including the facial features, personality expression methods, characteristics of body shapes, image making, colors and neckline and their responses were measured with Likert 5-point scale. For data analysis, descriptive statistics, cross-tabulation analysis including $Χ^2$-test and frequency analysis were used. As the results, 47％ of male students and 28% of female students responded they were satisfied with their own facial types. 32% of male students and all female students were not satisfied with their own body shapes and fashion depends on accessories like hat, sunglasses, boots and necklace rather than dress itself. All male and female students were not satisfied with their body shapes and recognized the importance of image. They answered that they change image if someone advices their image and it suggests that information and intellectual needs of image making are required and approach to efficient methods of image making is needed.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.368-375
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to provide basic informations for educating juveniles on desirable body image recognition by examining their body image recognition and comparing and finding problems according to gender and body mass index (BMI) in middle school students. The average age of the subjects was 15, their average height was 162.5 cm, their average weight was 53.5 kg, and their average BMI was $20.1\;kg/m^2$. Male students wanted to gain weight and female students wanted to lose weight. As for body shape, female students thought that they were fat more often than male students. Also the more overweight the students were, the higher their concerns and experiences toward weight control. Among weight control methods, exercise scored highest in all BMI groups. Over 80% of the respondents answered that their weight control effort were not systematic such as via professional counseling. As for the frequency of eating breakfast and dinner in female students, the more a student was overweight, the lower their frequency of eating breakfast and dinner. Many respondents answered that a typical meal time was '10~20 minutes'. The average eating habit score for all subjects was 38.0. The eating habit scores of male students were significantly higher than those of female students, and there were no significant differences among BMI groups. Eating habit score of 'I have more than two meals with rice everyday' in female overweight group was significantly higher than those of other two groups. These results indicate that the female students' degree of preference for a slim body shape were higher than those of male students. In addition, weight control by students is not systematic through professional counseling; instead they attempt to control their weight by themselves such as a meal skip, which lead to potential danger that they may lose weight carelessly. Therefore, correct body image recognition is greatly needed, and families and schools should make ceaseless efforts to help students properly control their weight and have correct eating attitudes.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.656-669
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• 2010

Rapid shift to western dietary patterns and social drive of thinness would lead to increase the likelihood of developing eating disorders. This study was performed to analyze the associated factors between dietary pattern and self visualization in terms of body shape, which may increase the risk of disturbed eating attitudes among high school students in Korea. A cross-sectional study was conducted from 2009 to 2010 for high school students including both male and female students, from 6 schools in Gyunggi Province, Korea. A total of 766 students self-reported a questionnaire, including weight control practice, perceptions of self body image and ideal body image, dietary habit, and EAT-26 (Eating Attitude Test-26). Logistic regression analysis was used to fine the factors potentially associated with disturbed eating attitudes. Statistical analysis was conducted using SAS program (version 9.1). Results showed that disturbed eating attitudes were found in 8.7% of male high school students, and in 20.8% of female high school students. Experience of body weight control was reported by 56.2% of male students and by 87.3% of female students. According to multiple logistic regression analysis, obesity was independently associated with high risk of disturbed eating attitudes in male students [Odds Ratios (OR) 2.96, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.90-9.71]. Body image dissatisfaction (OR 2.77, 95%CI 1.37-5.62) and extended family type (OR 2.70, 95%CI 1.05-6.90) were independently associated with high risk of disturbed eating attitudes, especially in female students. In conclusion, proper efforts in education for obesity and developing self-esteem to reduce the risks of disturbed eating attitudes should be implemented in high school nutrition program.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.117-133
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to analyze the difference in self-esteem, body satisfaction, body image and clothing attitude according to gender and somatotype. Also the paths for the clothing attitude affected by these variables were analyzed. The data for this research were collected from questionnaires of 210 male and 180 female college students. Body image is categorized as three factors, 'interest in appearance', 'concern about weight', and 'satisfaction in appearance'. And clothing attitude is categorized as five factors, 'fashionability', 'status symbolism', 'modesty', 'conformity', and 'manageability'. Male students were more satisfied with their body satisfaction than female students. Female students showed higher interest in appearance and concern about weight than male students. Thin somatotype showed high self-esteem interest in appearance, and fashionability. Fashionability was indirectly affected by gender, somatotype, self-esteem and body satisfaction, and was directly affected in the cases of high interest and satisfaction in appearance. Status symbolism was significantly affected in the cases of female students and high interest in appearance. Modesty was significantly affected in the cases of female students and low satisfaction in appearance. Conformity was significantly affected in the cases of high interest in appearance. Manageability was indirectly affected by gender, somatotype and self-esteem, and was directly affected in the cases of low interest in appearance.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.91-105
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• 1989

The purpose of this study is to identify the body images of patints with low back pain and their status on adjustment of daily living. The data were collected from 11 general hospitals during Feburary 2, 1987 through May 30,1987. One hundred and ninety five subjects having physical therapy treatment because of low back pain were analyzed. For measurement of body image, 11 pairs of adjectives were used on semantic differential scale, and for measurement of adjustment of daily living, 10 items were used on a likert type scale. Results of the study are summerised as follows. 1. The average patient age were 34yeats and 62% of the patients were men. High school grade completed were 43.1% and Cause of Low Back Pain were respctively;Unknown etiology 31.8%, lifting heavy objects 27.7%, Traffic accident and injury 17.9%. Types of treatment were;medication plus physical therapy 54.9%, physical therapy only 22.6%. Average treatment duration were 24.5 months. 2. There were significant difference in the body image between before low back pain and after low back pain. The body image before low back pain were 59.89(Mean) but after low back pain were 37,24(Mean) and two groups were statistically significant (t=21.3, p<0.00l). 3. there were no significant difference in the body image between the male and female.(t=1.49, p＞0.05) 4. The correlation between body image and adjustment of daily living. in both sexes showed positive correlation coefficient; male(r=0.4648, p<0.00l) female(r=0.4516, p<0.00l) respectively. It means that patients with positive body image can adjust well in daily living. 5. The relation between the body image and general variables revealed sigificant difference with occupation and age.(F=2.12 p<0.05, F=3.48 p<0.05). That is different occupation and different age groups can show different body image. In conculsion with the above results, It is my strong belief that multidisciplinary approach including the concept of body image and patient education about postural care, activities of daily living, lifting mechanics should be applied in treating and dealing with those patients.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.510-524
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• 2021

Selfie practices on social media can result in negative body image for men. The current study investigated the dual body image pathway model for the relationship between selfie practices on social media and body satisfaction, with internalization as a mediator. Structural equation modeling analyses supported our research model when studying 446 young Korean male Instagram users. The results indicated that selfie editing behavior, but not selfie browsing behavior, significantly predicted an increased internalization of a body ideal. The positive associations between internalization, muscularity dissatisfaction, and body fat dissatisfaction were confirmed. Additionally, the indirect effects of selfie editing behavior on muscularity and body fat dissatisfaction due to internalization were significant. The study confirmed the detrimental effects of selfie behavior on body satisfaction for male social media users. The results provided valuable information that selfie editing may be a risky behavior since it can result in developing muscularity and body fat dissatisfaction. Theoretical contributions and practical implications were discussed. Future research should address the age and cultural differences that may elucidate the impacts of selfie practices on men's body image concerns.