• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.420-427
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• 2013

In this study, the ecological characteristics of Limnoperna fortunei were surveyed as a preceding research to solve the problem such as biofouling or biowaste caused by those organisms in the closed water pipeline. Limnoperna fortunei was collected not in the main reaches of Somjin River but inside and outside of the intake tower which is located in the lower part of Sueo Reservoir. The dense populations were found at the inlet mouth and near part of the pipeline. Their byssuses were formed as a thick and tightly interwind mat. The rusted parts of the pipeline hold relatively more shells than those of the normal parts. Average count of the numbers ranged $12.1{\sim}136.5ind./m^2$ through the sampling stations (A,B and C). The amount of attached shells at each station were A=386, B=258, and C=71, respectively. The relationships of shell height-length and shell length-width were proportional. The majority sizes in each station ranged A=20.01~22.00 mm (33.9%), B=10.01~14.00 mm (51.2%), and C=18.01~20.00 mm (22.5%), 24.01~26.00 mm (21.1%), respectively. Most of the bigger size of shells on C station was found dead. The ecological habitat seemed less suitable for Limnoperna fortunei when they located farther away from the intake tower of reservoir. From now on, it is necessary to consider the continuous monitoring of this organism.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제15권7호
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• pp.607-614
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• 2006

A survey of middle school students and teachers in Mokpo city has been done to understand the perception of environment of students and the present situation of environmental education in middle school. Only 2 of the 14 middle schools have chosen the environmental education course as a required subject. The majority of middle-school students in Mokpo city have learned the environmental education as a subordinate course included in the other subjects such as science, social science or technology. The environmental education in school has been done mostly through non-subject activities such as club activity, group work etc. The survey shows that almost all students think the environmental pollution is serious problem(83% of respondents) and they are especially interested in separate garbage collection(72%) and environmental conservation activity(63.9%) to protect the environment. The concerns about the environmental problems of students(57.7%) has increased after environmental education regardless educational methods or subjects. The students and teachers think that environmental education in school has not been carried out enough and almost all of them(68.4% of students, 97.5% of teachers) agree that the environmental education should be done as an independent subject. In order to more practical and effective environmental education, many opportunities to experience environmental conservation activities should be given during the environmental education course and the environmental education should be separated from other subjects to be taught independently. Moreover, it might be necessary to increase proportion of teachers in environmental disciplines and to develop various teaching methods.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.76-83
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• 2001

This study was designed to determine serum osmolality and to investigate the association among serum osmolality, health-related factors and biochemical indices. Two hundred thirty seven elderly(86 male, 151 female : mean age 73.8) residing in the chungbuk area participated. Sociodemographic data and self-perceived health status were obtained by interview, and biochemical parameters were measured. The mean serum osmolaity was 301.2$\pm$10.1 mOsm/kg(range 240.8~328.9 mOsm/kg) and serum osmolality of the females(302.4 mOsm/kg) was significantly(p＜0.05) higher than that of the males(299.0 mOsm/kg). Only 11.0% of the elderly were within the accepted normal range(280~295 mOsm/kg) and the majority of the subjects were in a hyperosmolar state(60.8% : 296~307 mOsm/kg). It was observed that serum osmolality was reduced with increasing age but not statistically significant. There was no significant difference in serum osmolality according to marital status. Serum osmolality was significantly lower(p＜0.05) in the elderly with higher self-perceived health scores than the elderly with lower self-perceived health scores, however no significant difference was observed between the presence or absence of disease. Serum osmolality tended to be higher(p=0.06) in the elderly with difficulty in mobility than the elderly who have no problem in mobility. Serum osmolality tended to be higher(p=0.06) among drug users compared to that of non-users. There was a significant association between serum osmolality and serum albumin in females but not in males. Significant associations were shown between serum osmolality and serum transferrin in both sexes. However, there was no significant correlation between serum osmolality and hemoglobin or hematocrit except with hematocrit in females only. The results of this study indicated that the elderly were dehydrated and hydration state seems to influence health status and, the elderly should be encouraged to drink an adequate amount of fluids. Also, the hydration state is required to be assessed and considered for the interpretation of biochemical parameters.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.1093-1098
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• 2014

Background: Cancer is a major public health problem both in our country and worldwide due to its disease burden, fatality and tendency for increased incidence. In Turkey, breast cancer ranks first with an incidence of 41.6% and cervical cancer is the tenth most common cancer with an incidence of 4.4%. Objectives and Design: This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted with 240 women aged from 15 to 65 years admitted to a gynecology-obstetrics outpatient clinic of a private hospital in Gaziantep. Study data were collected by the investigators through a 36-item questionnaire form which was generated using information gathered from similar surveys in the literature. Results: It was determined that 34.6% of women were high-school graduates, and 64.2% had a medium income level. The majority (79.2%) stated that they never performed BSE and 49.5% of them said that they did not know how to do it. Some 79.2% did not know what a Pap smear was and 73.3% had not experienced a smear test ever. Conclusions: In this study, we found that most of the women had insufficient knowledge of breast and cervical cancer, while knowledge and practices increased with the education level. Based on these findings, we suggest that there is a need for planning, implementation and assessment of health policies and healthcare services at the national and regional level and we believe that nurses working in the field of protective health services should develop educational programmes for women with a primary focus on cancer in order to increase awareness among the female population in Turkey.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.179-190
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• 2015

Objective and Background: Due to increase in Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) relating to computer use, a number of ergonomics recommendations have been proposed in order to tackle this problem. However, some of these recommendations have been conflicting. Method: This study was to survey the VDT (Visual Display Terminal) use of office workers. The subjects were 452 workers at 13 places of business and the data were collected by self-administered questionnaire. Results: As a result, prevalence of self-reported MSDs of all VDT workers was 90.2% and shoulder took up 57.0% and neck 38.3% by symptom part of body. The population of computer use of more than 6h/day was 84.5%, and 33.8% also reported using the VDT 2~3h/day without the rest time. Desktop computer users were 95.6%, and a 17-inch monitor accounted for 42.0% among the desktop users. As a result of satisfaction survey on overall computer work, 21.1% of the total respondents said satisfied, desk complaint was about 24.6%, and chair complaint was 33.4%. Despite the importance of computer environment, satisfaction was from fair to uncomfortable. Conclusion and Application: In conclusion, office workers are prone to the MSDs due to their work environment. Additionally, this study found that task was a significant effect for the majority of dependent variables, and therefore, the improvement of computer workstations work environment is urgent, and the improvement of desk height adjustment, chair seat size (length, width), backrest condition, location of keyboard (mouse) and arm rest is required.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.595-598
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• 2013

Background: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide Therefore, identification of genetic as well as environmental factors is very important in developing novel methods of lung cancer prevention. However, this is a multi-layered problem. Therefore a lung cancer risk prediction system is here proposed which is easy, cost effective and time saving. Materials and Methods: Initially 400 cancer and non-cancer patients' data were collected from different diagnostic centres, pre-processed and clustered using a K-means clustering algorithm for identifying relevant and non-relevant data. Next significant frequent patterns are discovered using AprioriTid and a decision tree algorithm. Results: Finally using the significant pattern prediction tools for a lung cancer prediction system were developed. This lung cancer risk prediction system should prove helpful in detection of a person's predisposition for lung cancer. Conclusions: Most of people of Bangladesh do not even know they have lung cancer and the majority of cases are diagnosed at late stages when cure is impossible. Therefore early prediction of lung cancer should play a pivotal role in the diagnosis process and for an effective preventive strategy.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.160-166
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• 1995

주왕산국립공원의 이용객 행태조사는 1994년 8월 3일부터 5일까지 자체개발한 설문지를 가지고 현장에서 실시하여 총 346명의 이용객이 참여하였다. 이용객 경제적 특성은 남자가 65%로 과반수 이상을 차지했으며, 교육정도는 대졸 이상이 63%로 교육수준이 높았다. 연령별로는 20대가 48%로 가장 높게 나타났다. 주왕산국립공원의 탐방경험에서는 97%가 주왕산 이외의 국립공원을 방문한 경험을 가지고 있으며, 방문동기는 자연경관을 감상하는 목적이 가장 높았으며, 동반자 특성은 50%의 응답자는 가족과 함께, 그리고 36%는 친구와 함께 방문하였다. 응답자의 51%는 한나절 이용객이었으며, 응답자의 18%는 도시락을 준비하였었다. 일반적으로 방문객들은 국립공원의 환경문제에 관심이 많았으며, 대부분의 응답자들은 주왕산국립공원의 환경상태가 양호한 것으로 인식하고 있었다. 쓰레기를 불법투기하는 6가지의 이유 중에서 무의식중에 버린다는 경우가 가장 많았으며, 그 다음으로 환경이 버려져 있으므로 버린다는 환경탓에 의한 경우였다 대부분의 방문객은 남이 하는 환경훼손행위 에 대해 직접 나서서 시정하는 ‘끼어들기 행태’를 좋아하지 않았다. 가상적인 딜레마에서 공원의 규칙을 지키려는 의도가 강하면, 반대로 규칙을 어겨도 된다는 의도는 약한 것으로 나타났다.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.136-145
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• 2020

Background: Hepatitis B is an important public health problem as one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to compare the theoretical and practical knowledge levels of dental assistant students about Hepatitis B Virus. Methods: The 1st and 2nd grade students of the Oral and Dental Health program were invited to participate in the survey. Out of the 68 invited students, 61 completed the questionnaire. The average ages of the male and female students surveyed were 20.27±1.45 and 19.56±1.16, respectively. A total of 34 questions were asked, of which 15 measured basic theoretical knowledge and 19 assessed basic practical knowledge. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the students' knowledge for each question according to their sex and grade. When the questionnaire was grouped into basic theoretical and basic practical knowledge levels, both were observed to be high. While the lowest correct answer rate was 35.00% for the questions about practical applications, it was 31.14% for the questions measuring the level of theoretical knowledge. There was no statistically significant difference when the levels of knowledge of 1st and 2nd grade students were compared. Students answered the majority of the questions correctly, and ranged between 71% and 100%. Conclusion: Students' high level of basic theoretical knowledge can be a result of their in-class education on the fundamentals. However, their knowledge about the correct approaches in practical applications indicates the beneficial role of having well-defined criteria and prevention protocols that are required in hospitals and the effectiveness of their environmental orientations.

• 한국사이버테러정보전학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국사이버테러정보전학회 2004년도 제1회 춘계학술발표대회
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• pp.3-8
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• 2004

최근의 침해 사례를 보면 공격자들이 순수 공격 기술이나 네트워크 구성의 결함을 이용하기 보다는 시스템 상에서 구동 중인 프로그램들, 특히 서비스를 위한 프로세스들이 개발 당시에 가지는 근본적인 취약성을 이용한다. 따라서 보안 관리자들은 공격에 이용되는 취약성을 보완하기 위해 많은 노력과 시간을 투자해야만 하며, 동시에 개발자들 또한 계속된 프로그램 수정 작업으로 인한 부담이 커지고 있는 실정이다. 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위해서는 우선적으로 소스 코드 내에 잠재되어 있는 취약한 함수들에 대한 분석이 있어야 한다. 본 논문에서는 프로그램의 표준 C 함수에 관련된 취약성과 Win32 API 함수의 취약성에 대하여 분석하고, 그 결과를 기반으로 소스 코드의 취약성을 검사하기 위한 자동화 도구를 제안한다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제57권2호
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• pp.118-124
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• 2004

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death for men and women in the industrialized world. It is desirable to detect disease at a stage when it is not causing symptoms and when control or cure is possible. If the screening test detects patients with the disease at an early stage, they can be examined to confirm the diagnosis and intervention can alter the natural history of the disease. The results of screening programs designed to detect early lung cancer using either conventional chest radiograph or sputum cytology are disappointing for a diagnostic screening test. Because of advances in helical CT imaging techniques, screening for lung cancer has been suggested as a possible method of improving outcome. Findings in recent publications suggest that substantial dose reduction is possible in chest CT. The advantages of low-dose CT are more sensitive than chest radiograph for detecting small pulmonary nodules that may be lung cancers, shorter scanning time than conventional chest CT scan without intravenous contrast injection, cheaper cost than standard CT, low radiation dose. However, the true clinical significance of the small tumors found by screening is still unknown, and their effect on mortality awaits future investigation. Furthermore, in addition to detecting an increased number of lung cancers, low-dose CT found at least one indeterminate nodule in many of all screened patients. The majority should be benign but evaluation of all these indeterminate nodules is not a trivial problem in routine practice. In conclusion, lung cancer screening with low-dose CT is a complex subject. The true effectiveness of lung cancer screening (a reduction in mortality from lung cancer) with low-dose CT can be determined through well-designed randomized control trials with enrolment of appropriate subjects.