• 제목/요약/키워드: Major gene

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척수 운동신경원의 기능과 관련된 생존운동신경원 단백질의 역할 (The Role of Survival Motor Neuron Protein associated with Function of Spinal Motor Neuron)

  • 송주영;권영실;남기원;송주민;김동현;김석범;문동철;최진호;김진상
    • The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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    • 제13권2호
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    • pp.433-444
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    • 2001
  • This review highlights the ontogenesis and the differentiation of motor neuron in spinal cord, and introduce the survival motor neuron(SMN) which is associated with growth and survival of motor neurons. The differentiation of floor plate cells and motor neurons in the vertebrate neural tube appears to be induced by signals from the notochord. This signal is Sonic hedgehog(Shh). The early development of motor neurons involves the inductive action of Shh. The SMN gene is essential for embryonic viability. SMN mRNA is also expressed in virtually all cell types in spinal cord, including large motor neurons. The SMN protein is involved in RNA processing and during early embryonic development is necessary fer cell survival. Two SMN genes are present in 5q 13 in humans: the telomeric gene(SMNt), which is the SMA-determining gene, and the centromeric analog gene(SMNc). The majority of transcripts from the SMNt gene are full length but, major transcripts of the SMNc gene have a high degrees of alternative splicing and tend to have little or no exon 7. The SMN is involved in the RNA processing(the biogenesis of snRNPs and pre-mRNA splicing), the anti-apoptotic effects, and regulating gene expression.

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박테리오파지 E3의 Major Capsid Protein을 만드는 유전자의 Mapping 및 염기서열 분석 (Genetic Mapping and Sequence Analysis of the Gene Encoding the Major Capsid Protein of Bacteriophage E3)

  • 배수진;명희준
    • 미생물학회지
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    • 제35권4호
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    • pp.266-269
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    • 1999
  • 박테리오파지 E3가 만드는 plaque은 그 지름이 약 1㎝정도이고 대단히 빠르게 성장한다. 구조 단백질 중 가장 많은 copy를 가지는 major capsid 단백질을 발현하는 유전자를 조절하는 promoter가 가장 효율적일 것이라 생각되며, 이 promoter를 찾기 위하여 먼저 이 유전자를 mapping하였다. 정제한 파지 입자로부터 major capsid 단백질을 분리하여 그 N-terminal amino acid 서열을 확인하였고, 그에 해당하는 degenerate oligonucleotide probe를 이용하여 E3의 genomic library로부터 major capsid 단백질을 발현하는 유전자를 함유하는 clone을 찾았다. 이 clone의 DNA 서열 분석을 통하여 major capsid 단백질을 발현하는 유전자를 확인하였으며, 이는 E3 genome에서 약 72%에 mapping 되었다. 이 gene을 조절하는 promoter의 성질을 고찰하기 위하여 E3의 성장이 rifampicin에 의하여 영향을 받는지 확인한 결과 E3는 자기 고유의 RNA polymerase를 가지고 있음을 알 수 있었다.

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Expression of B Cell Activating Factor Pathway Genes in Mouse Mammary Gland

  • Choi, S.;Jung, D.J.;Bong, J.J.;Baik, M.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제20권2호
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    • pp.153-159
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    • 2007
  • In our previous study, overexpression of extracellular proteinase inhibitor (Expi) gene accelerated apoptosis of mammary epithelial cells, and induced expression of B cell activating factor (BAFF) gene. In this study, we found induction of BAFF-receptor (BAFF-R) gene expression in the Expi-transfected cells. A proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL) gene is another TNF family member and the closest known relative of BAFF. We found induction of APRIL gene expression in the Expi-overexpressed apoptotic cells. NF-${\kappa}$B gene was also induced in the Expi-overexpressed cells. Expression patterns of BAFF and APRIL pathway-related genes were examined in in vivo mouse mammary gland at various reproductive stages. Expression levels of BAFF gene were very low at early pregnancy, increased from mid-pregnancy, and peaked at lactation, and thereafter decreased at involution stages of mammary gland. Expression of BAFF-R gene was highly induced in involution stages compared to lactation stages. Thus, expression patterns of BAFF-R gene were correlated to apoptotic status of mammary gland: active apoptosis of mammary epithelial cells occurs at involution stage of mammary gland. Expression levels of NF-${\kappa}$B gene were higher in involution stages compared to lactation stages. We analyzed mRNA levels of bcl-2 family genes from different stages of mammary development. Bcl-2 gene expression was relatively constant during lactation and involution stages. There was a slight increase in bcl-xL gene expression in involution stages compared to lactation state. Bax gene expression was highly induced in involution stage. Our results suggest that signaling pathways activated by both BAFF and ARRIL in mammary gland point towards NF-${\kappa}$B activation which causes upregulation of bax.

Gene Editing for Major Allergy Genes using Multiplex CRISPR-Cas9 System & Prime editing in Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.)

  • Min-cheol Kim;Tae-Hwan Jun
    • 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국작물학회 2022년도 추계학술대회
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    • pp.194-194
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    • 2022
  • Recently, food-induced allergies have emerged as major global concerns. In the past ten years, it has doubled in western nations, and it has also increased in Asia and Africa. In many cases of food allergy, peanut allergy is prevalent, typically permanent, and frequently life-threatening. Therefore, we utilized gene editing techniques on the three major allergen genes in peanuts, Ara h 1, Ara h 2, and Ara h 3. Using gibson assembly and golden gate assembly, we created two vectors, the gRNA-tRNA array CRISPR-Cas9 system and Prime-editing. Using LBA4404 strain and agrobacterium-mediated transformation, the vectors were transferred to two elite Korean peanut lines. After co-cultivation and tissue culture, we extracted the tissue cultured peanut DNA amplified the hygromycin resistance gene and Cas9 gene in the T-DNA region. The integration of the T-DNA region into the host genome was demonstrated by the presence of a specific band in some samples. There have only been a few reported peanut gene editing studies. So, this study will contribute to peanut allergy and gene editing research.

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Gene Editing for Major Allergy Genes using Multiplex CRISPR-Cas9 System & Prime Editing in Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.)

  • Min-cheol Kim;Tae-Hwan Jun
    • 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국작물학회 2022년도 추계학술대회
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    • pp.200-200
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    • 2022
  • Recently, food-induced allergies have emerged as major global concerns. In the past ten years, it has doubled in western nations, and it has also increased in Asia and Africa. In many cases of food allergy, peanut allergy is prevalent, typically permanent, and frequently life-threatening. Therefore, we utilized gene editing techniques on the three major allergen genes in peanuts, Ara h 1, Ara h 2, and Ara h 3. Using gibson assembly and golden gate assembly, we created two vectors, the gRNA-tRNA array CRISPR-Cas9 system and Prime-editing. Using LBA4404 strain and agrobacterium-mediated transformation, the vectors were transferred to two elite Korean peanut lines. After co-cultivation and tissue culture, we extracted the tissue cultured peanut DNA amplified the hygromycin resistance gene and Cas9 gene in the T-DNA region. The integration of the T-DNA region into the host genome was demonstrated by the presence of a specific band in some samples. There have only been a few reported peanut gene editing studies. So, this study will contribute to peanut allergy and gene editing research.

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주요 우울증에서 Interleukin-10 유전자의 제한효소 절편길이 다형성 (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism of Interleukin-10 Gene in Major Depression)

  • 전태연;배치운;이정태;박원명;김광수
    • 생물정신의학
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    • 제7권2호
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    • pp.147-151
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    • 2000
  • Objective : Major depression is known to have immunologic dysfunctions, the recent studies revealed that cytokines including IL-6 and IL-$1{\beta}$ were increased in patients with major depression. Since molecular genetic methods have been progressed, this study was to investigate the relationship between major depression and immunologic aspects by analyzing polymorphism of IL-10 gene. Method : 92 patients with major depression were included and data of 146 normal controls obtained from the Catholic Hemopoietic Stem Cell Information Bank of Korea were used in this study. DNA was extracted from whole blood, thereafter amplified by polymerase chain reaction, and digested by Mae III After that procedure, we obtained and assessed RFLP of two alleles, IL-10T and IL-10C. All data were analyzed by ${\chi}^2$ test. Results : 1) There were no significant difference in genotype frequencies of $IL-10^*T/T$, $IL-10^*T/C$, and $IL-10^*C/C$ between major depression patients group and control group. 2) There were no significant difference in allelic frequencies of $IL-10^*T$ and $IL-10^*C$ between major depression patients group and control group. Conclusion : We did not verified the differences in frequencies of $IL-10^*T/^*IL-10^*C$ gene between the major depression patients group and control group, respectively. But the results of this study do not declare that the IL-10 gene has no association with major depression. We do suggest that further systematic studies including various clinical variables should be conducted.

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Inheritance between Le Gene and Ti Gene in Soybean (Glycine max L.)

  • Lee, Kyoung Ja;Park, Mo Se;Sung, Mi Kyung;Kim, Myung Sik;Chung, Jong Il
    • 한국육종학회지
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    • 제40권2호
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    • pp.97-100
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    • 2008
  • Lectin protein and Kunitz trypsin inhibitor (KTI) protein of mature soybean seed are a main antinutritional factor in soybean seed. The Le gene controls a lectin protein and Ti gene controls the KTI protein in soybean. Ti locus has been located on linkage group 9 in the classical linkage map of soybean. Position of Le locus on linkage map was not identified. Genetic relationship between Ti locus and Le locus could be useful in soybean breeding program for the genetic elimination of these factors. The objective of this study was to determine the independent inheritance or linkage between Ti locus and Le locus in soybean seed. Two $F_2$ populations were developed from three parents (Gaechuck#1, T102, and PI548415). The $F_1$ seeds from Gaechuck#1 (titiLeLe) ${\times}$ T102 (TiTilele) and Gaechuck#1 (titiLeLe) ${\times}$ PI548415 (TiTilele) were obtained. The lectin and KTI protein were analysed from $F_2$ seeds harvested from the $F_1$ plants to find independent assortment or linkage between Ti locus and Le locus. The segregation ratios of 3 : 1 for Le locus (129 Le_ : 44 lele) and Ti locus (132 Ti_ : 41 titi) and were observed. The segregation ratios of 9 : 3 : 3 : 1 (95 Le_Li_ : 34 Le_titi: 37 leleTi_ : 7 leletiti) between Le gene and Ti gene in $F_2$ seeds were observed. This data showed that Ti gene was inherited independently with the Le gene in soybean. These results will be helpful in breeding program for selecting the line with lacking both KTI and lectin protein in soybean.

Complex Segregation Analysis of Total Milk Yield in Churra Dairy Ewes

  • Ilahi, Houcine;Othmane, M. Houcine
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제24권3호
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    • pp.330-335
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    • 2011
  • The mode of inheritance of total milk yield and its genetic parameters were investigated in Churra dairy sheep through segregation analyses using a Monte Carlo Markov Chains (MCMC) method. Data which consisted of 7,126 lactations belonging to 5,154 ewes were collected between 1999 and 2002 from 15 Spanish Churra dairy flocks. A postulated major gene was assumed to be additive and priors used for variance components were uniform. Based on 50 000 Gibbs samples from ten replicates chains of 100,000 cycles, the estimated marginal posterior means${\pm}$posterior standard deviations of variance components of milk yield were $23.17{\pm}18.42$, $65.20{\pm}25.05$, $120.40{\pm}42.12$ and $420.83{\pm}40.26$ for major gene variance ($\sigma_G^2$), polygenic variance ($\sigma_u^2$), permanent environmental variance ($\sigma_{pe}^2$) and error variance ($\sigma_e^2$), respectively. The results of this study showed the postulated major locus was not significant, and the 95% highest posterior density regions ($HPDs_{95%}$) of most major gene parameters included 0, and particularly for the major gene variance. The estimated transmission probabilities for the 95% highest posterior density regions ($HPDs_{95%}$) were overlapped. These results indicated that segregation of a major gene was unlikely and that the mode of inheritance of total milk yield in Churra dairy sheep is purely polygenic. Based on 50,000 Gibbs samples from ten replicates chains of 100,000 cycles, the estimated polygenic heritability and repeatability were $h^2=0.20{\pm}0.05$ and r=$0.34{\pm}0.06$, respectively.

Human Cytomegalovirus 유전자 발현에 Cyclic GMP의 영향 (Effect of Cyclic GMP on Human Cytomegalovirus Gene Expression)

  • 윤주현;이규철;송병학;김영진;이찬희
    • 대한바이러스학회지
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    • 제29권4호
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    • pp.261-269
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    • 1999
  • The relationship between second messenger cGMP and human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) replication was investigated. First, the intracellular level of cGMP ([cGMP]i) in HCMV-infected cells was measured. The [cGMP]i increased at early times after HCMV infection, reached maximum level at 12 hr and returned to basal level at 24 hr after virus infection, while [cGMP]i in mock-infected cells remained relatively unchanged. Increasing [cGMP]i resulted in enhanced transcription of HCMV major immediate early gene. For early gene expression, cGMP had varying effect. Expression of 1.2 kb RNA decreased and 2.2 kb RNA increased with increasing cGMP, while 2.7 kb RNA gene expression was not affected. HCMV early genes are regulated by immediate early gene, and the effect of cGMP on the regulatory effect of major immediate early gene on early genes was investigated. In the absence of cGMP, major immediate early gene repressed 2.7 kb RNA gene expression, while 1.2 kb RNA and 2.2 kb RNA early genes were not significantly affected. In the presence of $1\;{\mu}M$ cGMP, however, major immediate early gene stimulated the expression of three early genes.

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Involvement of Cathepsin D in Apoptosis of Mammary Epithelial Cells

  • Seol, M.B.;Bong, J.J.;Baik, M.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제19권8호
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    • pp.1100-1105
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    • 2006
  • During involution of the mammary gland after the lactation period, the gland undergoes an extensive epithelial cell death. In our previous study, overexpression of an extracellular proteinase inhibitor (Expi) gene accelerated apoptosis of mammary epithelial cells. Here we found that expression of the cathepsin D gene was induced in the Expi-overexpressed apoptotic cells. To understand the role of cathepsin D in apoptosis, we transfected cathepsin D gene into mammary epithelial HC11 cells and established the stable cell lines overexpressing the cathepsin D gene. We found that overexpression of the cathepsin D gene partially induced apoptosis of mammary epithelial cells. Expression patterns of the cathepsin D gene were examined in mouse mammary gland at various reproductive stages. Expression of the cathepsin D gene was increased during involution stages compared to lactation stages, and highest expression levels were shown at involution on day 4. We also examined expression of the cathepsin D gene in various mouse tissues. Mammary gland at involution on day 2 showed highest levels of cathepsin D mRNA of the mouse tissues that we examined. Liver tissues showed high levels of cathepsin D expression. These results demonstrate that cathepsin D may contribute to the apoptotic process of mammary epithelial cells.