• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.1534-1540
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• 2005

In order to testify the urate lowering effects of Daihwangmudan-tang(DMT), ICR mice were injected monosodium urate into the abdominal cavity and then DMT was administered on 2 and 4 days after Injection. Uric acid and triglyceride were measured as hematological indices of gout, and some genes related with this change were identified by ACP based GeneFishing PCR method and direct sequencing. From this experiment, DMT highly decreased the blood levels of uric acid and significantly suppressed and lowered the acute increment of triglyceride level. There were 11 differentially expressed genes(DEG) having relations with positive actions of DMT, and 4 major genes in the middle of DEGs were sequenced; Mfap 2, jagged 2, Hsd17b7, DkkI-1, These genes were supposed that several mechanisms through interleukin 1 and T-cell anergy, LDL cholesterol metabolism, wnt pathway would be related with the anti-inflammation effect against gout.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.191-196
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• 2002

The effect of allicin, the major component of garlic (Allium sativum), on the gene expression profiles of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy donors was analyzed. DNA microarray which can detect expression signal of 862 genes revealed that allicin induced the expression of cytokine, chemokine, and immune-related genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. In contrast, allicin repressed the expression of adaptive immune-related genes, which are expressed in T helper 1 Iymphocytes. Simultaneous inhibitory and stimulatory effects of allicin were found on inflammatory cells. It is likely that allicin down-regulated the expression of specific genes that were previously up-regulated in resting cells, suggesting a new mechanism by which they exert positive and negative effect. Considering the broad and renewed interest in allicin, the profiles we describe here will be useful in designing more specific and efficient treatment strategies.

• Proceedings of the Ginseng society Conference
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• 1998.06a
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• pp.63-70
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• 1998

Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase constitute the first coordinated unit of defense against reactive oxygen species. Here, we examined the effect of ginseng saponins on the induction of SOD and catalase gene expression. To explore this possibility, the upstream regulatory promoter region of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SODI) and catalase genes were linked to the chloramphenicol acetyl-transferase (CATI structural gene and introduced into human hepatoma HepG2 cells. Total saponin and panaxatriol did not activate the transcription of SODI and catalase genes but panaxadiol increased the transcription of these genes about 2-3 fold. Among the Panaxadiol ginsenosides, the Rb2 subtraction appeared to is a major induce of SODI and catalase genes. Using the deletion analyses and mobility shift assays, we showed that the 5051 gene was greatly activated by ginsenoside Rba through transcription factor AP2 binding sites and its induction. We also examined the effect of the content ratio of panaxadiol extracted from various compartment of ginseng on the transcription of 5031 gene. Saponin extract that contains 2.6-fold more PD than PT from the fine root Increased the SODI induction about 3-fold. These results suggest that the panaxadiol fraction and its ginsenosides could induce the antioxidant enzymes, which are important for maintaining cell viability by lowering level of oxygen radical generated from intracellular metabolism.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.59-64
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• 2013

Auxin is a key plant hormone which regulates overall plant growth development. A number of researches to investigate auxin signaling identified three major classes of early auxin response genes: AUX/IAA, GH3 and SMALL AUXIN UP RNA (SAUR). Among these genes, in planta functions of SAUR gene family are largely ambiguous, while both AUX/IAA and GH3 genes are analyzed to mediate negative feedback on auxin response. SAUR genes encode small plant-specific proteins. SAUR gene products are highly unstable and transiently expressed in the tissue- and developmental-specific manners in response to auxin and various environmental stimuli. In the decades, molecular and genetic approaches to elucidate in planta functions of SAURs have been hampered by several factors such as the unstable molecular features and functional redundancy among them. However, a series of recent studies focusing on several subgroups of SAUR gene family made significant progress in our understanding of its biochemical and physiological functions. These works suggest that many SAUR proteins mainly regulate auxin-related cell expansion and auxin transport. In this review, the recent progress in SAUR research and prospects for crop improvement through its genetic manipulation are discussed.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.4.1-4.9
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• 2021

Lip and oral cavity cancer, which can occur in any part of the mouth, is the 11th most common type of cancer worldwide. The major obstacles to patients' survival are the poor prognosis, lack of specific biomarkers, and expensive therapeutic alternatives. This study aimed to identify the main genes and pathways associated with lip and oral cavity carcinoma using network analysis and to analyze its molecular mechanism and prognostic significance further. In this study, 472 genes causing lip and oral cavity carcinoma were retrieved from the DisGeNET database. A protein-protein interaction network was developed for network analysis using the STRING database. VEGFA, IL6, MAPK3, INS, TNF, MAPK8, MMP9, CXCL8, EGF, and PTGS2 were recognized as network hub genes using the maximum clique centrality algorithm available in cytoHubba, and nine potential drug candidates (ranibizumab, siltuximab, sulindac, pomalidomide, dexrazoxane, endostatin, pamidronic acid, cetuximab, and apricoxib) for lip and oral cavity cancer were identified from the DGIdb database. Gene enrichment analysis was also performed to identify the gene ontology categorization of cellular components, biological processes, molecular functions, and biological pathways. The genes identified in this study could furnish a new understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms of carcinogenesis and provide more reliable biomarkers for early diagnosis, prognostication, and treatment of lip and oral cavity cancer.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.530-537
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• 2019

Fuji, a major apple cultivar in Korea, is susceptible to white rot. Apple white rot disease appears on the stem and fruit; the development of which deteriorates fruit quality, resulting in decreases in farmers' income. Thus, it is necessary to characterize molecular markers related to apple white rot resistance. In this study, we screened for differentially expressed genes between uninfected apple fruits and those infected with Botryosphaeria dothidea, the fungal pathogen that causes white rot. Antimicrobial tests suggest that a gene expression involved in the synthesis of the substance inhibiting the growth of B. dothidea in apples was induced by pathogen infection. We identified seven transcripts induced by the infection. The seven transcripts were homologous to genes encoding a flavonoid glucosyltransferase, a metallothionein-like protein, a senescence-induced protein, a chitinase, a wound-induced protein, and proteins of unknown function. These genes have functions related to responses to environmental stresses, including pathogen infections. Our results can be useful for the development of molecular markers for early detection of the disease or for use in breeding white rotresistant cultivars.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.253-253
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• 2022

Codonopsis lanceolata (C. lanceolata) has been widely used in East Asia as a traditional medicine to treat various diseases such as bronchitis, convulsions, cough, obesity, and hepatitis. C. lanceolata belonging to Campanulaceae contains bioactive compounds such as polyphenols, saponins, and steroids. However, despite the pharmacological significance of C. lanceolata, the genetic information of this plant is limited and there are few studies of its transcriptome. In this study, we constructed a unigene set of C. lanceolata using Pac-Bio sequencing. Furthermore, the reads generated from Pac-bio and Illumina sequencing were mixed and assembled using rnaSPAdes. All genes involved in the triterpenoid pathway, a major bioactive compounds of C. lanceolata, were searched from the two unigene sets and the expression profiles of these genes were analyzed. The results showed that lupeol, beta-amyrin, and dammarenediol synthesis genes were activated in the leaves and roots of C. lanceolata. In particular, the expression of genes related to lupeol synthesis was relatively high, suggesting that the main triterpenoid of C. lanceolata is lupeol. Transcriptome studies related to lupeol synthesis in C. lanceolata have been rarely reported. Lupeol has been reported to have pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and anti-bacterial. This study suggests the importance of C. lanceolata as a lupeol producing plant.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2022.04a
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• pp.125-125
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• 2022

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.170-178
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• 2005

An in silico approach was developed to survey the genes expressed in four internal organs of pig: liver, kidney, spleen and small intestine. The major procedures of the approach included: (1) BLAST searching against GenBank "est_others" database using human cDNA sequences as queries to screen the porcine orthologous expressed sequence tags (ESTs), (2) classifying the porcine ESTs records by resources according to certain criteria and (3) analyzing data for ESTs specifically expressed in each organ. In order to do so, four Java programs were developed. Based on the ESTs available in the GenBank database, it was found that there were at least 2,100 genes expressed in these four organs, including 128 in the liver, 81 in the kidney, 780 in the spleen, and 1,423 in the small intestine respectively (a few genes co-expressed in these tissues). Gene expression patterns, such as co-expressed genes, preferentially expressed genes and basic active genes were also compared and characterized among these organs. This study provides a comprehensive model on how to use the bioinformatics approach and Genbank databases to facilitate the discovery of new genes in livestock species.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.11
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• pp.5433-5438
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• 2012

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common and aggressive malignancy. Despite of the improvements in its treatment, HCC prognosis remains poor due to its recurrence after resection. This study provides complete genetic profile for Egyptian HCC. Genome-wide analyses were performed to identify the predictive signatures. Patients and Methods: Liver tissue was collected from 31 patients with diagnosis of HCC and gene expression levels in the tumours and their adjacent non-neoplastic tissues samples were studied by analyzing changes by microarray then correlate these with the clinico-pathological parameters. Genes were validated in an independent set by qPCR. The genomic profile was associated with genetic disorders and cancer focused on gene expression, cell cycle and cell death. Molecular profile analysis revealed cell cycle progression and arrest at G2/M, but progression to mitosis; unregulated DNA damage check-points, and apoptosis. Result: Nine hundred fifty eight transcripts out of the 25,000 studied cDNAs were differentially expressed; 503 were up-regulated and 455 were down-regulated. A total of 19 pathways were up-regulated through 27 genes and 13 pathways were down-regulated through 19 genes. Thirty-seven genes showed significant differences in their expression between HCC cases with high and low Alpha Feto Protein ($AFP{\geq}600$ IU/ml). The validation for the microarray was done by real time PCR assay in which PPP3CA, ATG-5, BACE genes showed down-regulation and ABCG2, RXRA, ELOVL2, CXR3 genes showed up-regulation. cDNA microarrays showed that among the major upregulated genes in HCC are sets. Conclusion: The identified genes could provide a panel of new diagnostic and prognostic aids for HCC.