• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.5-10
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• 2009

Text data has always accounted for a major portion of the world's information. As the volume of information increases exponentially, the portion of text data also increases significantly. Text classification is therefore still an important area of research. LDA is an updated, probabilistic model which has been used in many applications in many other fields. As regards text data, LDA also has many applications, which has been applied various enhancements. However, it seems that no applications take care of the input for LDA. In this paper, we suggest a way to map the input space to a reduced space, which may avoid the unreliability, ambiguity and redundancy of individual terms as descriptors. The purpose of this paper is to show that LDA can be perfectly performed in a "clean and clear" space. Experiments are conducted on 20 News Groups data sets. The results show that the proposed method can boost the classification results when the appropriate choice of rank of the reduced space is determined.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.201-227
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• 2014

The collaboration is becoming ever more widespread in scientific research. Unlike collaboration in other areas such as in a company, research collaboration has an unique feature that it is reflected by scholars' characteristics. Based on previous studies on research collaboration, five major factors are identified. We propose five hypotheses from them and examine these by using both in-person questionnaire survey and relational bibliometric analysis. The survey analysis informs individual choice factors and the bibliometric analysis informs collective consequence factors. The results of this study may have implications for science policies and digital collaboration services.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.295-301
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• 1992

A versatile data acquisition and control adaptor for IBM personal computers has been developed. The data acquisition and control adaptor developed contains major components necessary for computerized data acquisition and control instrumentaions. Up to 4 differential analog signals can be acquired through a choice of dual 12-bit analog-to digital converters depending on the experimental requirements. Also, dual 12-bit digital-to-analog converters, three 16-bit programmable most computerized laboratory data acquisition and control instrumentation. The design principle and its applications are described.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.79-107
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• 2002

Britain's public services, especially health service and secondary education are in disarray. The current British government adopted the public-private partnership(PPP) as a major device to bring about public sector reform. In principle, PPPs could be used to outsource all sorts of public services, helping to raise standards by extending choice and competition. Up to now, however, they have been focused mainly on a relatively limited range of ancillary services related to new buildings and their subsequent operation. The unions, especially the unions covering the public sector employees are antagonistic to the PPPs. The unions have been opposing privatizing or resecting of any part of the public services, as these apt to lead insecurity of employment and degradation of working conditions of their members. Most of the union leaders consider that PPPs are 'privatization by stealth'. Even in Britain, which has a long history of trade union movements, to persuade the unions to co-operate to the reform policy has been extremely difficult. To succeed in public sector reform, the government, be it Korean or British, needs strong leadership, consistency in policies between various departments, and persuasive ability to overcome the opposition from the vested-interest group.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.630-634
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• 2015

Pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia (PASH) of the breast is a benign mesenchymal lesion with incidental histologic findings. Surgical excision is recommended as the treatment of choice for PASH, although the recurrence rates after excision range from 15% to 22%. A 46-year-old-female presented with a six-month history of bilateral breast enlargement and painful sensation mimicking inflammatory carcinoma. Imaging studies demonstrated innumerable enhancing nodules in both breasts. Due to the growth of the lesions and progressive clinical symptoms, bilateral subcutaneous mastectomy was performed. Grossly, the specimens were round and well-circumscribed, and the histologic examination revealed PASH. After mastectomy, we created a pocket with the pectoralis major muscle and a lower skin flap, which was deepithelized. Anatomical mammary implants were inserted, and the nipple areolar complex was transferred to a new position as a free graft. The aesthetic result was satisfactory after twelve months of follow-up.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.71-78
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• 2018

The present study deals with the determination of optimal values of operating parameters such as the temperature of heating, the mass of the plant material and the volume of water leading to the best yield of electromagnetic induction (EMI) heating extraction of Algerian Thymus fontanesii essential oil. After an appropriate choice of the three critical variables, eight experiments leaded to a mathematical model as a first-degree polynomial presenting the response function (yield) in the relation to the operating parameters. From the retained model, we were able to calculate the average response, the different effects and their interactions. The maximum of essential oil recovery percentage relative to the initial mass of plant material was 1.69%, and was obtained at ($140^{\circ}C$, 250 g and 4.5 L). The chemical composition of the Algerian T. fontanesii essential oil under the obtained optimal conditions ($140^{\circ}C$, 250 g and 4.5 L), determined by GC/MS and GC/FID, reveled of the presence of major components such as: carvacrol ($70.6{\pm}0.1%$), followed by p-cymene ($8.2{\pm}0.2%$).

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.71-93
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• 2001

Within the paper, an overview of organic farming in Europe countries is given and the Principle and skills of organic agriculture is shortly reported with special regard to Germany. The overview information on European organic forming is covered such as \circled1 development of organic farming, \circled2organic farming organizations, \circled3standards and certification, \circled4implementation of EU council regulation, \circled5state support, \circled6implementation of Agenda 2000, \circled7training and education, \circled8advisory service and research situation. In the paper the principle and skills for organic farming which are practiced actually in the German organic farms is also reported. How to maintain and increase the fertility and microbiological activity of the soil by \circled1cultivation of legumes, green manures or deep-rooting crops in multi-annual rotation system, \circled2incorporation in the soil organic material, by-products from livestock farming is one of the major principle to organic crop production. Pest and diseases and weeds are controlled by any one, or a combination of the following measure ; \circled1choice of appropriate species and varieties, \circled2appropriate rotation programs, \circled3mechanical cultivation, \circled4protection of natural enemies of pests through provision of favourable habitat and ecological buffer zone, \circled5diversified ecosystems, \circled6flame weeding, \circled7natural enemies, \circled8bio-dynamic preparations, \circled9mulching and mowing, \circled10grazing of animals, ⑪mechanical controls, ⑫steam sterilization.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.20-30
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• 2001

The science and technology of seismic hazard mitigation are increasingly being shared among scientists and policy makers around the world. Administrative expertise is also being shared. While there is still tremendous unevenness in technical and administrative capacities and resources, a global community of emergency managers is developing and there is a globalization of expertise. Hazards are better understood, tools for risk assessment are improving, techniques for hazard mitigation are being perfected, and communities and states are implementing more comprehensive disaster preparedness, response, and recovery programs. Priorities are also emerging and hazard mitigation has emerged as the priority of choice in North America and Europe. An increasingly important component of hazard mitigation is resilience, in terms of increased capacities for disaster mitigation and recovery at the community and even individual levels. Each year, more is known about the locations and natures of seismic hazards, although there are still unknown and poorly understood fault lines and limited understanding of related disasters such as tsunamis and landslides. More is known about the impact of earthquakes on the built environment, although nature still provides surprises to confound man's best extorts to reduce risk. More is known about human nature and how people respond to uncertain risk and when confronted by certain catastrophe. However, despite the increased understanding of seismic phenomena and how to protect people and property, there is much that needs to be done to reduce the risk, particularly in major metropolitan areas.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.1-26
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• 1996

Traditional studies of new venture performance have focused on the characteristics of entrepreneurs and have shown conflicting results on the relationship between the characteristics and performance of new ventures. Recently, some researchers have broadened their search to include aspects of the industry and the strategy of new ventures. The purposes of this study are to identify wtrategic archetypes of new ventures based on the taxonomic approach and to explain the differences in new venture characteristics and performance among strategic archetypes. To find the strategic archetypes, 114 new venture CEOs from various industries were asked to describe their ventures' competitive strategy through 19 questionnaire items on competitive methods. Using factor analysis and subsequent cluster analysis, four archetypes were identified such as : versatile type, technology-driven type, market-oriented type, and cost reduction type. The results imply that there exist different types of venture strategy even among new technology-based venture firms in Korea, and show the differences in performance among strategic archetypes: market-oriented type and versatile type are better than cost reduction type in terms of growth rate and profitability. Because the venture strategy in identified as a major determinant of the venture performance in this study, the choice of venture strategy suitable for firm's industrial characteristics and internal resource bases becomes a very strategic decision for firm's sustained growth. Further studies are needed to strengthen some methodological limitations of the study.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.65-73
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• 2017

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate on the Korean and Western medicine clinic quality to use IPA matrix and to establish a Korean medicine service management strategy. Methods : In order to achieve the research purpose, medical consumers who visited 3 Korean and Western medicine clinics were surveyed. frequency analysis, paired t-test were used for the statistical analysis, and the mean of each variable was used for IPA analysis. Results : The major results of analysis are as follows: It was confirmed that the skill and the kindness of the human resources were important in both the Korean medicine clinic and the Western medicine clinic. And it was confirmed the difference of the satisfaction rate and IPA between the Korean medicine clinic and the Western medicine clinic. Especially Medical devices and equipment, Easy booking, reception, payment procedure were different in IPA analysis. Conclusions : We confirmed the similarities and differences between Korean medicine clinics and Western medicine clinics in terms of importance, satisfaction, and IPA. On the basis of these results, Korean Medicine clinic could arrange a management strategy in consideration of consumers' choice attribute.