• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• v.45 no.5
• /
• pp.162-168
• /
• 2015

Purpose: The aim of this study was to analyze the anatomical dimensions of the buccal bone walls of the aesthetic maxillary region for immediate implant placement, based upon cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans in a sample of adult patients. Methods: Two calibrated examiners analyzed a sample of 50 CBCT scans, performing morphometric analyses of both incisors and canines on the left and right sides. Subsequently, in the sagittal view, a line was traced through the major axis of the selected tooth. Then, a second line (E) was traced from the buccal to the palatal wall at the level of the observed bone ridges. The heights of the buccal and palatal bone ridges were determined at the major axis of the tooth. The buccal bone thickness was measured across five lines. The first was at the level of line E. The second was at the most apical point of the tooth, and the other three lines were equidistant between the apical and the cervical lines, and parallel to them. Statistical analysis was performed with a significance level of $P{\leq}0.05$ for the bone thickness means and standard deviations per tooth and patient for the five lines at varying depths. Results: The means of the buccal wall thicknesses in the central incisors, lateral incisors and canines were $1.14{\pm}0.65mm$, $0.95{\pm}0.67mm$ and $1.15{\pm}0.68mm$, respectively. Additionally, only on the left side were significant differences in some measurements of buccal bone thickness observed according to age and gender. However, age and gender did not show significant differences in heights between the palatal and buccal plates. In a few cases, the buccal wall had a greater height than the palatal wall. Conclusions: Less than 10% of sites showed more than a 2-mm thickness of the buccal bone wall, with the exception of the central incisor region, wherein 14.4% of cases were ${\geq}2mm$.

• Journal of Mushroom
• /
• v.16 no.3
• /
• pp.198-202
• /
• 2018

'Yong-A' was bred by Jeollanamdo Agricultural Research and Extension Services in 2015. It was primarily selected through monospore crossing between JNM21008 and JNM21013 in 2009. The strain is named as JNM-Mi-194 and 'Yong-A', showing major characteristics with good production yield. The cultivation characteristics, yield potential, and fruiting body characteristics of 'Yong-A' are as follows; The wrinkle of the fruiting body was of branching type its shape was wave type. MCM, YM, Malt, and PDA media were suitable for growth of this cultivar. The number of effective stipes was 13 ea/0.9 kg. The minor axis of pileus was 5 cm and the major axis was 9 cm. The yield was 291 g per plastic bag (0.9 kg). Yong-A required 60 days for mycelial running at $20^{\circ}C$. The growth and primordial period required 24 days, which was shorter than that of JNM-Mi-21002 (the conventional cultivar). Somatic incompatibility was observed between parental lines and Yong-A. Analysis of genetic diversity in the new variety 'Yong-A' showed a different profile compared to that of the parent strain when Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA primers were used.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.88 no.2
• /
• pp.229-239
• /
• 1999

To get ecological information necessary for the prediction on succession and the silvicultural control of the black locust(R. pseudoacacia) plantation, classification of vegetation unit. competition of major species, and succession were analyzed. The results were as follows. Vegetation units classified in R. pseudoacacia forest were Quercus variabilis community, Persicaria perfoliata community, Styrax japonica community, Acalypha australis community, Typical community. Species diversity indices showed significant difference among the vegetation units. As a result of stand ordination by CCA method, arrangement of stands on Axis I was correlated significantly with altitude, sand, silt and available phosphorus contents, and that on Axis II was with total nitrogen, exchangeable calcium and kalium contents. It was judged that R. pseudoacacia plantation would be replaced by the mixed forest including Quercus spp., Acer spp., and Prunus spp. etc., native to Korea with the progression of succession as the results of analyses on competition of major species and successional tendency in R. pseudoacacia plantation.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
• /
• v.27 no.4
• /
• pp.283-292
• /
• 2002

Mechanical and physical properties of various parts of jujube (Zizyphus jojoba Miller) such as fruits, leaves, secondary branches, and leafy stems were measured and analyzed. The physical dimensions of the fruits were measured using a digital caliper, and the detachment force of the fruit and leafy stems was measured using a force gauge. The physical characteristics of the secondary branches such as the modulus of elasticity and the torsional rigidity were tested using a universal testing machine (UTM). The physical characteristics of leafy stems such as length and weight were also measured using a digital caliper and a digital scale, respectively. The detachment force of leafy stems and the area of the leaf also measured. The terminal velocities of the jujube fruits, leaves, and leafy stems were measured using a custom made terminal velocity experiment system. Diameter of the major and minor axis of the jujube fruit, weight of the fruit, and detachment force of the fruit stem was average of 32.02 mm, 23.92 mm. 10.0 ${\times}$ 10$\^$6/ ㎥, 8.99 g, and 5.43 N. respectively. The detachment forces of the jujube fruits increased and the force-to-weight ratio of the jujube fruits decreased as the weight of the jujube fruits increased. The modulus of elasticity of the secondary branches of the jujube was average of 7.01 ${\times}$ 10$\^$8/ N/㎡ and decreased as diameter of the secondary branches increased. The average torsional rigidity of the secondary jujube branches was 5.2 ${\times}$ 10$\^$-/ N/㎡, and the torsional rigidity decreased as the secondary branch diameter increased. The distribution of the torsional rigidity data associated with the diameter of the branches, however. widely scattered and it was difficult to find any relationship between the diameter of the branches and the torsional rigidity of tile branches. The weight of the leafy stems, number of loaves attached to the leafy stems, diameter of the stem side of the leafy stems, diameter of the leafy stem end was average or 0.7 g, 6.6 ea, 12.2 cm, 4.5 mm, and 2.7 mm, respectively. The major and minor axis of the .jujube loaves, area of leaves, weight of the leaves. and detachment force of the leaves was average of 5.7 cm, 3.3 cm, 12.98 cm$^2$, 0.20 g, and 4.39 N, respectively. The terminal velocity of the .jujube fruits increased as the weight of the fruits increased. The terminal velocity of the leafy stems, however, did not show a relationship with the weight of the leafy stems and the number of leaves attached to the leafy stem. The terminal velocity, however, slightly increased as the length of the leafy stems increased.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
• /
• v.23 no.6
• /
• pp.109-123
• /
• 2020

The purpose of this study is to provide basic data for the establishment of future countermeasures by diagnosing the growth status and actual condition of undesignated old trees distributed in Hyeongok-myeon, Gyeongju, Gyeongsangbuk-do. The number of old trees surveyed was 2 weeks in Gajeong-ri, 2 weeks in Haguri, 3 weeks in Nae-Tae-ri, 1 week in Nawon-ri, 6 weeks in Oryu-ri, 3 weeks in Sangguri, and 2 weeks in Sohyeon-ri, The trees species composition was 6 trees Celtis sinensis Pers., 1 Diospyros lotus L. trees, 4 trees Salix chaenomeloides Kimura trees, 2 Styphnolobium japonicum L. trees, and 7 Zelkova serrata (Thunb.) Makino trees. Growth status is 7.1~22.0m in height, 14.6~25.1m in long axis, 10.2~19.2m in short axis, root diameter is 76.0~236.4cm, diamter at breast height is 67.0~220.0cm, soil acidity is pH4.9~7.0, soil The hardness was measured to be 4.0-27.0mm. The result grade of the scoring data of health information is represented by monitoring generally, monitoring critically, and absolute monitoring, and it was confirmed that out of the 20 trees population in Hyeongok-myeon, the general monitoring grade was 7 weeks, the major monitoring grade was 13 weeks, and there was no absolute monitoring grade. Accordingly, the number of old trees of the general surveillance level was maintained at the current level, and ecological surgical operations were introduced for the major surveillance level, but the case of village forests should be different, and sequential treatments were the old tree urgently needed. The level and bark of the target tree, the state of the crown, the root exposure, the presence of pests and pests, the vitality and the ground condition, the degree of pollution are normal, poor, or very poor, operation and protection management, soil improvement, removal of cover, and disinfection were urgently needed for the old trees with the surveyed data. In order to compensate for these matters, continuous monitoring and management measures for the old number should be sought.

• Anxiety and mood
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.93-98
• /
• 2012

Objective : Cortisol, a product of hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA axis), is one of our defensive mechanisms in response to stress. The level of cortisol in the saliva is a major biomarker of the stress response by HPA axis and shows diurnal variation. We measured salivary cortisol level and its diurnal variation to compare the pattern of changes by degree of burn and Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS) score. Methods : We measured the salivary cortisol levels of 37 subjects hospitalized in the burn center at our facility from March to June 2012. Salivary cortisol levels were measured at 6 : 00 AM and at 7 : 00 PM. All subjects were tested for CAPS to evaluate the severity of posttraumatic stress disorder and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale to evaluate and to control the coexisting depression. Results : Factorial ANOVA test revealed that there was a statistically significant difference in terms of the effect of the interaction between the degree of burn and the patient's CAPS score. Unlike the mild burn group, in the severe burn group, the patients who had a low CAPS score didn't show a normal diurnal variation and the patients who had a high CAPS score showed the normal diurnal variation. After a few months follow up, we found a greater degree of psychiatric complications in severe burn patients that had a lower cortisol stress response. Conclusion : We suppose that the disappearance of the stress response changes in salivary cortisol seen in the severe burn group may be caused by an impaired stress response. Through followed observation of the subjects, this disruption of cortisol response may cause psychiatric problems afterwards.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.1-13
• /
• 2010

The technique of mountain ordering developed by Yamada(1999) has been tested to two small islands (Namhaedo: 301km², Geojedo: 378km²). The results and experiences above were extended and applied to the whole area of the southern part of Korean Peninsula. Three areas such as Seorak-Taebaek Mountains, Jiri-Deogyu Mountains, and Youngnam Alps are identified as the highest, 5th order mountains. 10 areas are classified as the 4th order and 87 areas as the 3rd order. It is suggested that the 5th order mountains are related to the axis of uplift and the 4th and 3rd order mountains have the same direction (NE-SW) as that of the secondary mountain systems in the Korean Peninsula. The logarithmic values of number, area, and relative altitude of the ordered mountains have the linear relationship with the order, as the laws of stream order. The several mountains which are not included in the existing mountain systems could be identified among the ordered mountains, and those mountains could be used as the basis to understand the geological structure of the Korean Peninsula. Most of the National Parks and the Provincial Parks are distributed on the 3rd, 4th, 5th order mountains. It is especially confirmed that the Songnisan National Park take a role to link the Seorak-Taebaek Mountains and Jiri-Deogyu Mountains as a important ecological axis. Therefore, it would be validated that the technique of mountain ordering has the practical values as well as the geomorphological significances.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.32 no.4
• /
• pp.132-142
• /
• 2014

This study is the first stage to identify distinctive characteristics of American Romantic Garden compared to English Romantic Garden. The purpose of the study is to identify characteristics of transitional garden in the early period of America by analyzing of Paca garden, Mount Vernon and Monticello when English Naturalistic Garden was firstly imported. The analysis studied historical background, people who designed garden, formal garden and characteristics of natural garden through reference. Also based on data through reference and field research, spatial configuration and garden factors of each site were analyzed. In spatial configuration, straight line and curve line, formal terrace and natural slope, visible axis and invisible axis, symetric and asymmetric, and perspective and oblique perspectives were used as analyzing factors. As a result of analysis, each garden showed different type from that of formal gardens from colony period, which is natural garden of asymmetric garden(English natural garden) coexisted. Paca garden which planned formal garden and natural garden in each space showed characteristics of each space, but in formal garden residential axis and garden axis does not coincide which shows it is out of formal garden type. Such phenomena and the fact that naturalistic garden coexist in the same garden shows that the formal garden type from early days in US is starting to change in different types. Mount Vernon garden, similar to Paca garden, was designed to have two different types of gardens in harmony rather than divide the space into different space and design it. It adapted serpent walkway but shows symmetric by central axis and considered formalistic plan through same materials. However through terrace in hills and spatial plan of oblique perspective, one could observe that naturalistic type was beginning to settle in US gardens. Through Monticello analysis, space was designed with major characteristics of naturalistic garden which is serpent walkway, ornamental farm, winding flower bed grove and bush and oblique perspective, and it completely duplicates characteristics of naturalistic garden which could not be found in gardens imported from UK.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.13 no.10
• /
• pp.305-312
• /
• 2015

In Korea, institutions and universities to educate and train Bigdata manpower are not yet much. There are various causes, but major cause among them is lack of understanding and perception on Bigdata. Therefore, this study investigated the situation regarding the recognition on Bigdata of universities' faculties and presented a direction for educating Bigdata manpower at the university. As a result, it was investigated that their awareness about the impact of Bigdata is not so great, despite of the somewhat understanding for the Bigdata. In particular, it was investigated that their intentions of research and education for Bigdata are not high. So, for a while, it was identified that Bigdata specialist training will not be easy. In conclusion, this study suggested that the government should pay its attention more on policy for Bigdata manpower training policy of the universities according to direction of the government 3.0 policy that considers the Bigdata to the axis of the major policy.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
• /
• v.38 no.2
• /
• pp.237-240
• /
• 2005

We present images of L1551 IRS5 at angular resolutions as high as ${\~}$30 mas, corresponding to a spatial resolution of ${\~}$5 AU, made at 7 mm with the VLA. Previously known to be a binary protostellar system, we show that L1551 IRS5 is likely a triple protostellar system. The primary and secondary components have a projected separation of ${\~}$46 AU, whereas the tertiary component has a projected separation of ${\~}$11 AU from the primary component. The circumstellar dust disks of the primary and secondary components have dimensions of ${\~}$15 AU, whereas that of the tertiary component has a dimension of ${\~}$10 AU. Their major axes are closely, but not perfectly, aligned with each other, as well as the major axis of the surrounding flattened, rotating, and contracting molecular condensation (pseudodisk). Furthermore, the orbital motion of the primary and secondary components is in the same direction as the rotational motion of this pseudodisk. We suggest that all three protostellar components formed as a result of the fragmentation of the central region of the molecular pseudo disk. The primary and secondary components, but apparently not the tertiary component, each exhibits a bipolar ionized jet that is centered on and which emergers perpendicular to its associated dust disk. Neither jets are resolved along their base, implying that they are driven within a radial distance of ${\~}$2.5 AU from their central protostars. Finally, we show evidence for what may be dusty matter streams feeding the two main protostellar components.