• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• 제11권3호
• /
• pp.1650-1669
• /
• 2017

In this study, each pixel in an ear is used as a centroid to generate a cake. Subsequently the major axis length of this cake is computed and obtained. This obtained major axis length serves as a feature to recognize an ear. Later, the ear hole is used as a centroid and a 16-circle template is generated to extract the major axis lengths of the ear. The 16-circle template extracted signals are used to recognize an ear. In the next step, a ring-to-line mapping technique is used to map these major axis lengths to several straight-line signals. Next, the complex plane vector computing technique is used to determine the similarity of these major axis lengths, whereby a solution to the image-rotating problem is achieved. The aforementioned extracted signals are also compared to the ones that are extracted from its neighboring pixels, whereby solving the image-shifting problem. The algorithm developed in this study can precisely identify an ear image by solving the image rotation and image shifting problems.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
• /
• 제16권2호
• /
• pp.119-125
• /
• 1974

정상잠이 3령의 성식기에 이르렀을때(춘잠기 소잠후약 9일 20시간 경과한 무렵) 불면잠으로 인정되는 것과 같은 잠박에서 정상잠을 재료로 하여 이를 고정하였고 또한 4령의 성식기에 1~2령기의 발육정도 밖에 되지 않은 왜소잠을 수집하여 고정하고 이와 동시에 이때의 정상잠도 고정하였다. 불면잠과 정상잠을 형태학적으로 비교하고 그 조직검사에서 얻은 조사내용을 요약하여 보면 다음과 같다. 1. 정상잠이 3령의 성식기에 이르렀음에도 불면잠으로 인정되는 누에는 마치 소잠후 2일이 경과한 정도의 누에의 크기에 불과하였으며 4령의 성식기에 관찰한 불면잠도 이와 대동소리라하였다. 2. 태피선은 타원형의 편평한 낭상체로서 그 크기는 흉부에 위치하는 것이 작고 복부의 것이 일반적으로 큰 경향을 나타냈다. 3. 흉부에 있는 태피선은 흉지의 기부에 있는 것이 배맥관을 끼고 있는 태피선보다 큰것으로 종내에는 보고되었지만 본실험결과에 었어서는 일정한 경향이 없었다. 4. 정상잠이 3령의 성식기에 이르렀을 때의 태피선의 크기는 전흉에 있는 것이 최소로서 151.3$\mu$(major axis)~94.5$\mu$(minor axis)였고 최대로서는 복부제7절의 것이 568.6$\mu$~495.$\mu$였으며 이때에 불면잠으로 인정되는 것은 최소로서 전흉에 있는 태피선이 57.5~51.3$\mu$이였으며 최대로서는 복부제5절의 것이 91.5~75.5$\mu$으였다(표 1. 참조) 5. 정상잠이 4령의 성식기에 이르렀을 때 정상잠과 왜소잠의 태피선의 크기를 비교해 본 바에 의하면 정상잠에 있어서는 전흉의 것이 최소로서 252.2~131.6$\mu$이였고 복부제7절의 것이 최대로서 691.5~493.4$\mu$이였으며 왜소잠에 있어서는 후흉의 것이 최소로서 71.4~61.5$\mu$이였고 복부제8절의 것이 최대로서 94.6~71.5$\mu$이였다(표 2. 참조) 6. 불면잠에 있어서의 태피선의 형태는 그 공포형태피선이 정상잠의 것과 크게 차이가 있어 공흉의 크기가 정상잠의 것에 비하여 몇배에 달하였다. 7. 불면잠과 정상잠과의 분필세포의 구조에는 큰 차이가 없지만 불면잠의 과립형태피선은 정상잠에 비하여 소형이 었다.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
• /
• 제23권4호
• /
• pp.345-353
• /
• 2019

Higher thermal exposure can influence the blood cell morphology and count. Hence, based on the previous results (Rahman et al., 2019), the present study evaluated the morphometric indices of erythrocytes and their nucleus under different water temperatures (25℃, 28℃, 31℃, and 34℃) to investigate their use as an indicator of thermal stress in red spotted grouper, Epinephelus akaara. 180 healthy specimens of E. akaara were exposed to four temperature conditions (25℃ as control, 28℃, 31℃, and 34℃) for 42 days, following 2 weeks of acclimation at 25℃. Erythrocyte major axis (EL), erythrocyte minor axis (EW), nucleus major axis (NL), and nucleus minor axis (NW) were examined from the blood smears on each sampling day (i.e., 2, 7, and 42 days of thermal exposure). EL and NL were significantly decreased, whereas EW and NW were increased at higher water temperature (31℃ and 34℃). The major-minor axis proportions of erythrocytes and their nucleus (EL/EW; NL/NW) were decreased with increasing water temperature (31℃ and 34℃). The strong relationships were observed among the morphometric indices of erythrocytes and their nucleus, especially in EL vs. NL and EW vs. NW. This study reveals that elevated water temperature (31℃ and 34℃) can influence the major and minor axis morphometry of erythrocytes and their nucleus in red spotted grouper. These indices may be used as stress indicators to monitor the health status of E. akaara and probably for other fish species.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
• /
• 제16권2호
• /
• pp.105-114
• /
• 1999

Archival long-slit spectra, covering the wavelength range 4050~5150$\AA$, have been used to investigate the radial behavior of absorption line features (G4300, Fe4383, Ca4455, Fe44531, Fe4668, and H$\beta$) of an eliptical galaxy NGC 5322. The heliocentric recession velocity of NGC 5322 has been derived as 1888$\pm$51kms-1. Metallic absorption lines of NGC 5322 show significant radial gradients through the major axis. The minor axis shows much smaller radial metal line gradients than the major axis. The minor axis shows much smaller radial metal line gradients than the major axis. The mean slopes of Fe line gradients to the major and minor axes of NGC 5322 were estimated as -0.433$\pm$0.064 and -0.242$\pm$0.096, respectively. Significant radial gradients of H$\beta$ absorption of NGC 5322 are also detected both on the major and minor axes. It is shown that the radial metallicity gradients in NGC 5322 are smaller than expected in a simple dissipative collapse model. Rather, dissipationless collapse, such as hierarchical merhing, could have contributed during the initial stage of the galaxy formation.

• Tribology and Lubricants
• /
• 제14권4호
• /
• pp.58-63
• /
• 1998

This paper presents a study of the elastohydrodynamic lubrication of elliptical contacts where lubricant entrainment coincides with the major axis of the Hertzian contact ellipse. A finite difference method and the Newton-Raphson method are applied to analyze the problem. Film contours and pressure distributions are compared with the results for lubricant entrainment coincides with the minor axis. Variations of the minimum and central film thicknesses with the radius ratio are also examined. The results showed that the present numerical scheme can be used generally in the analysis of the EHL of elliptical contacts where the lubricant entraining vector did not coincide with either of the principal axis of the conjunction.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
• /
• 제24권3호
• /
• pp.459-466
• /
• 2000

Flow characteristics of turbulent elliptic jets were experimentally investigated using a single-frame PIV system. A sharp-edged elliptic nozzle with aspect ratio(AR) of 2 was tested and the experimental results were compared with those of circular jet having the same equivalent diameter($D_e$). The Reynolds number based on the nozzle exit velocity and nozzle equivalent diameter was about $1{\times}10^4$. The spreading rate along the major and minor axis are different remarkably. The jet half width along the major axis decreases at first and then increases with going downstream. But along the minor axis the jet width increases steadily. The elliptic jet of AR=2 has one switching points at $X/D_e=2$ within the near field. Turbulence properties are also found to be significantly different along the major and minor axis planes.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.23-32
• /
• 1990

Geometrical characteristics of fruit including perimeter, projected area and length of minor and major axis were calculated by computer programs to be used in fruit sorting by image processing system. The results are summerized as follows. 1. A program calculating perimeter, projected area, and length of minor and major axis by edge detection and chain code was developed. 2. Geometrical characteristics of given figures were calculated to verify the program and the discrepancies from the measured values were about 5%. 3. Regression models for estimating volums of apples were developed and regression coefficients for each variety were found. 4. Abnormal apples could be recognized by comparing the ratio of minor axis to major axis and the standard value was proposed.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
• /
• 제8권2호
• /
• pp.259-267
• /
• 2004

우리주변에서도 많이 존재하고, 현재 시공중인 강골조 구조물이 대부분 강 연성축을 고려하지 않고 일방향 쪽으로만 시공하고 있는 것이 현실이다. 이로 인하여 재료가 과다로 쓰여지고 있으며, 같은 재료를 강 연성 축의 배치만 잘 하여도 구조물의 안전성과 경제성 측면에서 탁월하다는데 착안하였다. 또한, 국내 강구조물의 대부분이 허용응력설계법을 이용한 과다설계로, 다른 설계법으로의 전환이 필요하다고 생각되어 본 논문을 수행하게 되었다. 현재 기둥의 강 연성축 배열은 미국시방서 AISC-LRFD에 일부 기술되어 있을 뿐, 구체적인 효율성과 경제성에 관해서는 미흡한 상태이다. 본 연구에는 3차원 강뼈대구조물에서 기둥의 강 연성 축 배치와 브레이스의 배치, 브레이스의 연결방법 및 각국의 시방코드별로 수행한 최적설계를 비교하여 보다 향상되고 합리적인 최적설계의 방향을 제시하고자 한다.

• 천문학회보
• /
• 제40권2호
• /
• pp.30.3-31
• /
• 2015

We present a kinematic analysis of 172 likely member galaxies of the Ursa Major Cluster. In order to understand the dynamical state of the cluster, we investigate the correlation of the cluster morphology with rotation, the velocity dispersion profile, and the rotation amplitude parallel to the global rotation direction. Both the minor axis and the rotation are very well-aligned with the global rotation axis in the outer region at half radius (> 0.5 $R_{max}$), but not in the inner region. The cluster exhibits low velocity dispersion and rotation amplitude profiles in the inner region, but higher in the outer. Both profiles exhibit outwardly increasing trends, suggesting an inside-out transfer of angular momentum of dark matter via violent relaxation, as revealed by a recent off-axis major-merging simulation. From Dressler-Schectman plots in the plane of galactic positions, and velocity versus position angle of galaxy, we are able to divide the Ursa Major Cluster into two substructures: Ursa Major South (UMS) and Ursa Major North (UMN). We derive a mass of $3.2{\times}10^{14}M_{\odot}$ for the cluster through the two-body analysis by the timing argument with the distance information (37 for UMN and 36 for UMS) and the spin parameter of ${\lambda}=0.049$. The two substructures appear to have passed each other 4.4 Gyr ago and are moving away to the maximum separation.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
• /
• 제21권4호
• /
• pp.321-328
• /
• 1998

To describe the major environmental factors operating in coastal wetland and to characterize the distribution of the plant species over the wetland in relation to the major environmental gradients, 12 soil physical and chemical properties were determined. The gradient of water and osmotic potential of soil, electrical conductivity, sodium and chloride content and soil texture alsong the three habitat types of salt marshes, salt swamp and sand dune were occurred. The 24 coastal plant communities from principal component analysis (PCA) on the 12 variables were at designated as a gradient for soil texture and water potential related with salinity by Axis I and as a gradient for soil moisture and total nitrogen gradient by Axis II On Axis I were divided into 3 groups (1) 9 salt marsh communities including Salicornia herbacea communities (2) 5 salt swamp communities including Scirpus fluviatilis communities and (3) 10 sand dune communities including Jmperata cylindrica communities on Axis II were divided into 2 groups (1) salt marsh and sand dune communities, and (2) 3 salt swamp communities. The results could account for the zonation of plant communities on coastal wetland observed alsong envionmental gradients.