• 대한전자공학회논문지TE
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.93-103
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• 2000

본 논문은 MPLS (Multiprotocol Label Switiching) 망에서 인터넷 멀티캐스트 라우팅 프로토콜을 지원하기 위한 방안을 제시한다. 인터넷 멀티캐스트 라우팅 프로토콜은 트리의 구성방식과 속성에 따라 최단거리 트리 방식, 공유트리 방식 및 복합트리 방식 등으로 분류된다. 각 방식에 따라 MPLS 망에서 지원해야 하는 기능이 달라진다. 특히, 단/양방향성 트리 링크, Flooding/prune 방식의 트리 구성, 하나의 멀티캐스트 그룹 에 다중 트리의 존재 등 여러 가지 미해결이거나 해결하기 어려운 문제점들이 존재한다. 본 논문에서는 몇가지 가정을 세우고, 이를 바탕으로 각 멀티캐스트 라우팅 프로토콜을 MPLS 망에서 지원하기 위한 방안을 제시한다. Flooding/prune 방식의 멀티캐스트 라우팅 프로토콜에 대해서는 새로이 브로드 캐스팅용의 레이블 을 정의하여 해결하고, 공유트리 방식에 대해서는 기 제안된 블록기반 멀티캐스트 전송기법을 도입하여 셀인터리빙 (Cell Interleaving) 문제를 해결하며, 마지막으로 복합트리 방식에 대해서는 기존 멀티캐스트 라우팅 프로토콜에 기능을 추가하므로써 MPLS 지원문제를 간단히 해결한다.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.185-204
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to suggest factors for village activation and maintenance of urban village community, based on the survey of residents' interaction (neighbors relationship, using community facilities, and community activities) and their community consciousness of Seongmisan village, a successful case in Seoul. 171 residents answered the questionnaire, and the data were analyzed by the SPSS program. Major findings are as follows. 1) Families got social with neighbors, caused by common use of community facilities, nearness of houses, and kids' friendship; the number of neighbors to be expected to give help was mostly under 5. 2) Facilities used by residents more than 3 times a week were cooperative association and cafe 'Little Tree'. Facilities considered to be important by residents were living cooperative association('Doore'), kids daycare center, village school, cafe, and education center. 3) 'Village News' was mostly interested community activities; 'Village Festival' and 'Village Sports Day' were also mostly participated. 4) As for the village consciousness factors, more than 3 points of 5 marked in all the 3 categories; emotional intimacy, neighbor homogeneity, and village attribution. The village consciousness, however, showed statistically meaningful difference in residents' motivation to move into village, number of family members, age, income, period of residence, neighbors relationship, whether they participate in group activities and events or not.

• 정보처리학회논문지C
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• 제10C권1호
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• pp.77-86
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• 2003

본 논문은 MPLS(Multiprotocol Label Swtiching) 망에서 인터넷 멀티캐스트 라우팅 프로토콜을 지원하기 위한 방안을 제시한다. 인터넷 멀티캐스트 라우팅 프로토콜은 트리의 구성방식과 속성에 따라 최단거리트리 방식, 공유트리 방식 및 복합트리 방식 등으로 분류된다. 각 방식에 따라 MPLS 망에서 지원해야 하는 기능이 달라진다. 특히, 단/양방향성 트리 링크, Flooding/Prune 방식의 트리 구성, 하나의 멀티캐스트 그룹에 다중 트리의 존재 등 여러 가지 미해결이거나 해결하기 어려운 문제점들이 존재한다. 본 논문에서는 몇가지 가정을 세우고, 이를 바탕으로 각 멀티캐스트 라우팅 프로토콜을 MPLS 망에서 지원하기 위한 방안을 제시한다. Flooding/Prune 방식의 멀티캐스트 라우팅 프로토콜에 대해서는 새로이 브로드캐스팅용의 레이블을 정의하여 해결하고, 공유트리 방식에 대해서는 기 제안된 블록기반 멀티캐스트 전송기법을 도입하여 셀 인터리빙(Call Interleaving) 문제를 해결하며, 마지막으로 복합트리 방식에 대해서는 기존 멀티캐스트 라우팅 프로토콜에 수정된 SPT 전환 기능을 추가하므로써 MPLS 지원문제를 해결한다. 제안하는 방법이 기존의 방법보다 비교해 보았을 때 전송지연에서 우수한 성능을 보임을 모의 실험을 통해서 확인하였다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.16-31
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• 2007

This study is aimed at classifying different types of parks in Gwang-Ju city and providing efficient Planning and guidelines to satisfy the needs of park users. The first stage of this study was accomplished by site surveys of neighborhood parks in Gwang-Ju where park types, locations, neighboring conditions, park layout, and other physical environments were surveyed for the specific status of parks. With those basic data, urban neighborhood park types were classified into different categories: 1) urban neighborhood parks; 2) riverside neighborhood parks; and 3) natural(mountain side) neighborhood parks. For the second stage of this study, behavior patterns and satisfaction were investigated to provide empirical data on the relationship between the physical environment and human behavior. The main findings of this study can be summarized as follows: 1. The highest level of satisfaction for the users of urban neighborhood parks in Gwang-Ju city is the accessibility of the parks which are small but located in neighborhoods, The users tend to visit the nearby parks regardless of size. 2. The users have relatively high levels of satisfaction for urban neighborhood parks which have a lot of green zones or park facilities. Therefore, the park planner should consider the natural environment in the park area and should reconsider the type of park in the planning process. 3. The different types of urban neighborhood parks in Gwang-Ju city do not affect the level of satisfaction and the motivation of park visits. However, the accessibility of the parks is the most important factors of users' satisfaction regardless of the type of the park. 4. The level of user satisfaction for all of the urban neighborhood parks in Gwang-Ju city indicates that the users have a relatively low level of satisfaction. Especially, 26.2% of the users have a high level of dissatisfaction. The new parks, which have recently been developed, have a higher level of satisfaction than the old parks which have a lack of facilities, insufficient maintenance, and poor management planning in the park. 5. As a result of factor analysis, all city neighborhood parks showed a similar tendency with urban type parks, but showed a tendency that was different from the other park types.

• 에너지공학
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.83-94
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• 2016

전 세계에서 건물 내에서 사용되고 있는 에너지는 지구온난화의 주요원인일 뿐만 아니라 기후변화 대응을 위해 다루어져야할 주요 과제이다. 본 연구는 빌딩을 대상으로 사용되고 있는 에너지의 평가를 통하여 개선사항을 도출하고자 하였으며 이를 위하여 제로에너지빌딩을 검토하고 영향인자들을 조사하였다. 또한 실제 건물을 대상으로 환경적 요인과 환경부하로 구분하여 평가항목을 설정하였으며 평가결과를 토대로 개선사항을 제안하고자 하였다. 그 결과 제로에너지빌딩을 구현하기 위한 평가단계에서는 건물부지의 지형과 기후변수가 고려되어야 하며, 신재생에너지의 이용, 저장 및 관리 측면에서는 비용 상승에 따른 제도적 지원이 필요한 것으로 나타났다. 또한 제로에너지 빌딩에서는 에너지 효율이 중요하나 현재 건물 내에서 사용되는 에너지 소비량을 확인하고 관리하기 위해서 모니터링과 같은 평가항목이 필요하다. 이와 같은 모니터링 결과를 사용해서 세부적인 체계로서 절약과 낭비 에너지에 대하여 국내 실정에 적적한 체계적인 관리가 요구된다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.637-652
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• 2013

Instrumentation and control systems in nuclear power plants have been digitalized for the purpose of maintenance and precise operation. This digitalization, however, brings out issues related to cyber security. In the most recent past, international standard organizations, regulatory institutes, and research institutes have performed a number of studies addressing these systems cyber security.. In order to provide information helpful to the system designers in their application of cyber security for the systems, this paper presents methods and considerations to define attack vectors in a target system, to review and select the requirements in the Regulatory Guide 5.71, and to integrate the results to identify applicable technical security control requirements. In this study, attack vectors are analyzed through the vulnerability analyses and penetration tests with a simplified safety system, and the elements of critical digital assets acting as attack vectors are identified. Among the security control requirements listed in Appendices B and C to Regulatory Guide 5.71, those that should be implemented into the systems are selected and classified in groups of technical security control requirements using the results of the attack vector analysis. For the attack vector elements of critical digital assets, all the technical security control requirements are evaluated to determine whether they are applicable and effective, and considerations in this evaluation are also discussed. The technical security control requirements in three important categories of access control, monitoring and logging, and encryption are derived and grouped according to the elements of attack vectors as results for the sample safety system.

• 한국CDE학회논문집
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.139-152
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• 2008

In order to survive worldwide competition, today's industries are experiencing strong pressure to introduce higher quality products with lower cost and shorter lead-time. Therefore, the role of design in the process of product development is increasing in significance. In this research, two methods for improving the design capability are proposed: construction of design environment and design automation using 3D CAD system. The designers and design process are the core of product design using 3D CAD system. In order to maximize the design performance, construction of the design environment including selection of a suitable system, designer training for best use of the system, establishment of an efficient design process, and stabilization of the environment are required. A method is suggested to construct design environment by systematizing the contents of the projects and consulting experiences carried out for various categories of business such as electronic devices, motorcycles, electricity parts, sanitary wares, injection molds, and die casing molds. Design automation helps reduce tedious and time-consuming jobs, simplify complicated and error-prone modeling and drawing works to shorten the lead time and improve the product quality. To develop a design automation system, understanding the process and the related knowledge on design are very important before implementing the system using API provided by 3D CAD system. In this research, an eight-step procedure is proposed for the development of a design automation system. These eight steps are analysis of needs, determination of specification, verification of specification using 3D CAD system, inspection of related API functions, programming, field test, application in practice, and maintenance. A case study in which five design automation systems in the design of turbine generators using the proposed method is introduced in detail. These systems play important roles in the generation of various output items including 3D models, drafts, material information, and NC data. The case study shows how effectively the design time is reduced and the quality improved using those systems.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.153-158
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• 2018

At the Bank of Korea, capital stock statistics were created by the PIM (perpetual inventory method) with fixed capital formation data. Asset classifications also included 2 categories in residential buildings, 4 non-residential buildings, 14 constructions, 9 transportation equipment, 28 machinery, and 2 intangible fixed assets. It is the Korean government accounting system which is developed much with the field of the national accounts including the valuation, but until 2008 it was consistent with single-entry bookkeeping. Many countries, including Korea, were single-entry bookkeeping, not double-entry bookkeeping which can be aggregated by government accounting standard account. There was no distinction in journaling between revenue and capital expenditure when it was consistent with single-entry bookkeeping. For example, we would like to appropriately divide the past budget accounts and the settlement accounts data that have been spent on dredging into capital expenditure and revenue expenditure. It, then, tries to add the capital expenditure calculated to FCF (fixed capital formation), because revenue expenditure is cost for maintenance etc. This could be a new direction, especially, in the estimation of capital stock by the perpetual inventory method for infrastructure (SOC, social overhead capital). It should also be noted that there are differences not only between capital and income expenditure but also by other factors. How long will this difference be covered by the difference between the 'new series' and 'old series' methodologies? In addition, there is no large difference between two series by the major asset classification level. If this is treated as a round-off error, this is a problem.

• 교육녹색환경연구
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.22-37
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• 2018

본 연구는 '유치원 어린이집 간 격차 완화'를 위한 하나의 방안으로 '교육시설 질 균등화'를 위해 우선적으로 영유아 교육 보육 통합시설이 갖추어야 할 필요공간과 면적기준(안)을 제시하는 데 목적을 두었다. 그 결과 첫째, 영유아 교육 보육 통합시설에 필요한 공간의 종류를 표15와 같이 반드시 필요한 필수공간과 교육 보육 활동의 질적 수준을 높이기 위해 추가되면 좋을 권장공간으로 구분하여 제시하였다. 둘째, 영유아 교육 보육 통합시설의 필요 공간별 면적기준(안)을 표23과 같이 제시하였다. 아울러 영유아 교육 보육 통합시설에 필요한 영유아 1인당 대지면적과 연면적, 연면적 대비 공용면적의 비율을 각각 제시하였다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.75-85
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• 1983

This study was done to research the relationship between general characteristics and stressor, stress situation, Nursing Intervention of pregnant woman. The subjects for this study were 70 pregnant woman from 3 clinics of Obstetrics and Gynecology located in J city. The data was collected through questionaires which was developed by Norman J. Chestnut. The content of the questionaire consist of following 3 categories; (1) stressor (2) stress situation (3) Mental and Physical support of husband. Analysis of data was done by use percentage, x²-test. (through EDPS) The findings of this study are as follows; 1, Stressors of pregnant woman are stresses associated with fetus, socioeconomic problem, herself, delivery, abortion and prematureity, husband, change of appearances, management of home, a woman's parents-in-law. Stress situations of pregnant woman are when she is doing on the heavy management of home, limit of life, socioeconomic discomfort, taking medicine, difficult relationship with a woman's parents-in-law, being sign of abortion and prematurity, her physical discomfort, family desire of delivery of son baby. 2. Husband's mental support that pregnant woman desired are careful husband's role, More love and interest about pregnant, cooperation of child reaing, maintenance of healthy life, understaning of diffical pregnancy, early return home, giving up drinking, positive feeling about changed appearance, unconcern about sex of fetus. And husband's mental supports that pregnant woman desired are cooperating of homework and childrearing, limit of intercouse, release behavior of pregnant woman's physical discern-fort, a walk, behavior with pregnancy together, socioeconomic stability. 3. Stressor of pregnant woman was significant with education, number of son, economic status, personality of husband, dowelling. (P<.05) And stress situation of pregnant woman was significant with personality of husband, dwelling, husband's desired sex .of baby. (P<.05) 4. Husband's mental and physical supports that pregnant woman desired was significant with number of daughter. (P<.05).