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Long-term clinical and experimental/surface analytical studies of carbon/carbon maxillofacial implants

  • Szabo, Gyorgy;Barabas, Jozsef;Bogdan, Sandor;Nemeth, Zsolt;Sebok, Bela;Kiss, Gabor
    • Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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    • v.37
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    • pp.34.1-34.14
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    • 2015
  • Background: Over the past 30-40 years, various carbon implant materials have become more interesting, because they are well accepted by the biological environment. The traditional carbon-based polymers give rise to many complications. The polymer complication may be eliminated through carbon fibres bound by pyrocarbon (carbon/carbon). The aim of this study is to present the long-term clinical results of carbon/carbon implants, and the results of the scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive spectrometer investigation of an implant retrieved from the human body after 8 years. Methods: Mandibular reconstruction (8-10 years ago) was performed with pure (99.99 %) carbon implants in 16 patients (10 malignant tumours, 4 large cystic lesions and 2 augmentative processes). The long-term effect of the human body on the carbon/carbon implant was investigated by comparing the structure, the surface morphology and the composition of an implant retrieved after 8 years to a sterilized, but not implanted one. Results: Of the 16 patients, the implants had to be removed earlier in 5 patients because of the defect that arose on the oral mucosa above the carbon plates. During the long-term follow-up, plate fracture, loosening of the screws, infection or inflammations around the carbon/carbon implants were not observed. The thickness of the carbon fibres constituting the implants did not change during the 8-year period, the surface of the implant retrieved was covered with a thin surface layer not present on the unimplanted implant. The composition of this layer is identical to the composition of the underlying carbon fibres. Residual soft tissue penetrating the bulk material between the carbon fibre bunches was found on the retrieved implant indicating the importance of the surface morphology in tissue growth and adhering implants. Conclusions: The surface morphology and the structure were not changed after 8 years. The two main components of the implant retrieved from the human body are still carbon and oxygen, but the amount of oxygen is 3-4 times higher than on the surface of the reference implant, which can be attributed to the oxidative effect of the human body, consequently in the integration and biocompatibility of the implant. The clinical conclusion is that if the soft part cover is appropriate, the carbon implants are cosmetically and functionally more suitable than titanium plates.

Shoes from Pinet to the Present

  • June, Swann
    • Proceedings of the Korea Society of Costume Conference
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    • 2001.08a
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    • pp.11-13
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    • 2001
  • For those unfamiliar with the shoe world, Pinet (1817-1897) was a contemporary of Worth, the great Parisian couturier. So I look at the glamour shoes and the world of haute couture, and indeed the development of the named designer. That is a concept we are all familiar with now. So it is not easy to comprehend the lack of names for the exquisite work before 1850. Straightway I have to say that the number of noted shoe designers is far fewer than famous dress designers, but I will introduce you to some of them, against the background of contemporary shoe fashions. Franc;ois Pinet was born in the provinces (probably Touraine) in 1817, two years after the end of the Napoleonic Wars. His father, an ex-soldier, settled to shoemaking, a comparatively clean and quiet trade. It had a tradition of literacy, interest in politics, and was known as the gentle craft, which attracted intelligent people. We should presume father would be helped by the family. It was usual for a child to begin by the age of 5-6, tying knots, sweeping up, running errands and gradually learning the job. His mother died 1827, and father 1830 when he was 13, and at the time when exports of French shoes were flooding world markets. He went to live with a master shoemaker, was not well treated, and three years later set out on the tour-de- France. He worked with masters in Tours and Nantes, where he was received as Compagnon Cordonnier Bottier du Devoir as Tourangeau-Ia rose dAmour (a name to prove most appropriate). He went on to Bordeaux, where at 19 he became president of the local branch. In 1841 he went to Paris, and in 1848, revolution year, as delegate for his corporation, he managed to persuade them not to go on strike. By now the shoemakers either ran or worked for huge warehouses, and boots had replaced shoes as the main fashion. In 1855 Pinet at the age of 38 set up his own factory, as the first machines (for sewing just the uppers) were appearing. In 1863 he moved to new ateliers and shop at Rue ParadisPoissoniere 44, employing 120 people on the premises and 700 outworkers. The English Womans Domestic Magazine in 1867 records changes in the boots: the soles are now wider, so that it is no longer necessary to walk on the uppers. There is interest in eastern Europe, the Polonaise boots with rosette of cord and tassels and Bottines Hongroises withtwo rows of buttons, much ornamented. It comments on short dresses, and recommends that the chaussure should correspond to the rest of the toilet. This could already be seen in Pinets boots: tassels and superb flower embroidery on the higher bootleg, which he showed in the Paris Exposition that year. I think his more slender and elegant Pinet heel was also patented then or 1868. I found little evidence for colour-matching: an English fashion plate of 1860 shows emerald green boots with a violetcoloured dress.

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A Comparative Study on the Statistical Methodology to Determine the Optimal Aggregation Interval for Travel Time Estimation of the Interrupted Traffic Flow (단속류 통행시간 추정을 위한 적정 집락간격 결정에 관한 통계적 방법론 비교 연구)

  • Lim, Houng-Seok;Lee, Seung-Hwan;Lee, Hyun-Jae
    • Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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    • v.23 no.3 s.81
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    • pp.109-123
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    • 2005
  • The goals of this paper are two folds: i) to evaluate whether the data collected by a license plate matching AVI equipment being operated on some segment of a national highway are suitable or not for use in travel time estimation of interrupted traffic flows; ii) to study the statistical methodologies to be used for the determination of the optimal aggregation interval for travel time estimation. In this study it was found that the AVI data are not representative because the data are collected on some selected lanes of a roadway where main traffic is thru-traffic and, thus the AVI data are different from those collected from all lanes in traffic characteristics. For the determination of the optimal aggregation interval for travel time estimation. two statistical methods. namely point estimation and interval estimation. were tested. The test shows that the point estimation method is more sensitive and gives more desirable results in determing the optimal aggregation interval than the interval estimation method. And it turned out that the optimal aggregation interval on interrupted traffic flows has been calculated as 5 minute and thus the existing aggregation interval. 5 minute is proper.

Full validation of high-throughput bioanalytical method for the new drug in plasma by LC-MS/MS and its applicability to toxicokinetic analysis

  • Han, Sang-Beom
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Toxicology Conference
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    • 2006.11a
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    • pp.65-74
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    • 2006
  • Modem drug discovery requires rapid pharmacokinetic evaluation of chemically diverse compounds for early candidate selection. This demands the development of analytical methods that offer high-throughput of samples. Naturally, liquid chromatography / tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) is choice of the analytical method because of its superior sensitivity and selectivity. As a result of the short analysis time(typically 3-5min) by LC-MS/MS, sample preparation has become the rate- determining step in the whole analytical cycle. Consequently tremendous efforts are being made to speed up and automate this step. In a typical automated 96-well SPE(solid-phase extraction) procedure, plasma samples are transferred to the 96-well SPE plate, internal standard and aqueous buffer solutions are added and then vacuum is applied using the robotic liquid handling system. It takes only 20-90 min to process 96 samples by automated SPE and the analyst is physically occupied for only approximately 10 min. Recently, the ultra-high flow rate liquid chromatography (turbulent-flow chromatography)has sparked a huge interest for rapid and direct quantitation of drugs in plasma. There is no sample preparation except for sample aliquotting, internal standard addition and centrifugation. This type of analysis is achieved by using a small diameter column with a large particle size(30-5O ${\mu}$m) and a high flow rate, typically between 3-5 ml/min. Silica-based monolithic HPLC columns contain a novel chromatographic support in which the traditional particulate packing has been replaced with a single, continuous network (monolith) of pcrous silica. The main advantage of such a network is decreased backpressure due to macropores (2 ${\mu}$m) throughout the network. This allows high flow rates, and hence fast analyses that are unattainable with traditional particulate columns. The reduction of particle diameter in HPLC results in increased column efficiency. use of small particles (<2 urn), however, requires p.essu.es beyond the traditional 6,000 psi of conventional pumping devices. Instrumental development in recent years has resulted in pumping devices capable of handling the requirements of columns packed with small particles. The staggered parallel HPLC system consists of four fully independent binary HPLC pumps, a modified auto sampler, and a series of switching and selector valves all controlled by a single computer program. The system improves sample throughput without sacrificing chromatographic separation or data quality. Sample throughput can be increased nearly four-fold without requiring significant changes in current analytical procedures. The process of Bioanalytical Method Validation is required by the FDA to assess and verify the performance of a chronlatographic method prior to its application in sample analysis. The validation should address the selectivity, linearity, accuracy, precision and stability of the method. This presentation will provide all overview of the work required to accomplish a full validation and show how a chromatographic method is suitable for toxirokinetic sample analysis. A liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method developed to quantitate drug levels in dog plasma will be used as an example of tile process.

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Development of liquid target for beam-target neutron source & two-channel prototype ITER vacuum ultraviolet spectrometer

  • Ahn, B.N.;Lee, Y.M.;Dang, J.J.;Hwang, Y.S.;Seon, C.R.;Lee, H.G.;Biel, W.;Barnsley, R.;Kim, D.E.;Kim, J.G.
    • Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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    • 2011.02a
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    • pp.421-422
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    • 2011
  • The first part is about development of a liquid target for a neutron source, which is designed to overcome many of the limitations of traditional beam-target neutron generators by utilizing a liquid target neutron source. One of the most critical aspects of the beam-target neutron generator is the target integrity under the beam exposure. A liquid target can be a good solution to overcome damage to the target such as target erosion and depletion of hydrogen isotopes in the active layer, especially for the one operating at high neutron fluxes with no need for water cooling. There is no inherent target lifetime for the liquid target neutron generator when used with continuous refreshment of the target surface exposed to the energetic beam. In this work, liquid target containing hydrogen has been developed and tested in vacuum environment. Potentially, liquid targets could allow a point neutron source whose spatial extension is on the order of 1 to $10{\mu}m$. And the second is about the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) spectrometer which is designed as a five-channel spectral system for ITER main plasma measurement. To develop and verify the design, a two-channel prototype system was fabricated with No. 3 (14.4 nm~31.8 nm) and No. 4 (29.0 nm~60.0 nm) among the five channels. For test of the prototype system, a hollow cathode lamp is used as a light source. The system is composed of a collimating mirror to collect the light from source to slit, and two holographic diffraction gratings with toroidal geometry to diffract and also to collimate the light from the common slit to detectors. The two gratings are positioned at different optical distances and heights as designed. To study the appropriate detector for ITER VUV system, two different electronic detectors of the back-illuminated charge coupled device and the micro-channel plate electron multiplier were installed and the performance has been investigated and compared in the same experimental conditions. The overall system performance was verified by measuring the spectrums.

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Medium development of Flammulina velutipes by using herb medicine refuse (폐 한방슬러지를 이용한 팽이버섯의 배지개발)

  • Seo, Kwon-Il;Kim, Chul-Ho;Seo, Dong-Cheol;Yee, Sung-Tae;Park, Kyung-Wuk;Lee, Chang-Yun;Lee, Sang-Won
    • Journal of Mushroom
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    • v.12 no.1
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    • pp.17-23
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    • 2014
  • pH of oriental medicine sludge was 5.3, which was similar to 5.2 of the main ingredient, corncob. Its sugar content, however, was 4.8 mg/g, which was 2.5 times higher than concorb's 1.9 mg/g. According to the addition content analysis of oriental medicine sludge by using blood agar plate, the experimental group showed much more robust growth than the control group. 10% of oriental medicine sludge was added to corncob and pine tree sawdust for test-tube culture. Then they were cultivated at $25^{\circ}C$ for 6 days after inoculating Flammulina velutipes liquid spawn. The control group and experimental group showed 2.2~3.4 and 5.8~6.4 cm hypae growths respectively. At the field test for 10% herbal medicine refuse, mushroom yield dropped by 5% compared to the control group. However, it had distinctively lower number of deformity and the 2nd grade products. An economic analysis was conducted based on the cultivation facility that produces 160,000 mushrooms per day. The analysis demonstrated that the facility can save 50,000,000 won in the starting year and 130,000,000 won in the following years from the unit cost of production excluding labour and operation cost.

Continuum Based Plasticity Models for Cubic Symmetry Lattice Materials Under Multi-Surface Loading (다중면 하중하에 정방향 대층구조를 가진 격자재료의 연속적인 소성모델)

  • Seon, Woo-Hyun;Hu, Jong-Wan
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Advanced Composite Structures
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    • v.2 no.3
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    • pp.1-11
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    • 2011
  • The typical truss-lattice material successively packed by repeated cubic symmetric unit cells consists of sub-elements (SE) proposed in this study. The representative continuum model for this truss-lattice material such as the effective strain and stress relationship can be formulated by the homogenization procedure based on the notation of averaged mechanical properties. The volume fractions of micro-scale struts have a significant influence on the effective strength as well as the relative density in the lattice plate with replicable unit cell structures. Most of the strength contribution in the lattice material is induced by axial stiffness under uniform stretching or compression responses. Therefore, continuum based constitutive models composed of homogenized member stiffness include these mechanical characteristics with respect to strength, internal stress state, material density based on the volume fraction and even failure modes. It can be also recognized that the stress state of micro-scale struts is directly associated with the continuum constitutive model. The plastic flow at the micro-scale stress can extend the envelope of the analytical stress function on the surface of macro-scale stress derived from homogenized constitutive equations. The main focus of this study is to investigate the basic topology of unit cell structures with the cubic symmetric system and to formulate the plastic models to predict pressure dependent macro-scale stress surface functions.

A Study on the Characteristics of Bonding Strength by Types of Repair Materials by Mechanical Pressurizing Equipment(MPE) (기계식 가압장비(MPE)에 의한 보수재 종류별 부착강도 특성에 관한 연구)

  • Yu, Hyeong-Sik;Chung, Jee-Seung
    • The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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    • v.6 no.2
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    • pp.553-560
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    • 2020
  • In the existing research paper, we developed Mechanical Pressurizing Equipment(MPE) that can apply a certain amount of pressure and found out about improving the bonding strength of repair materials constructed in the repair section, and if pressurized, the bonding strength could be increased. In this study, the pressure of Mechanical Pressurizing Equipment(MPE) was changed to 0, 10, 30, 50, and 80 kPa, and the test was conducted to select effective pressure by measuring the flexural, compressive, and bonding strength of the specimens and deformation of the pressure plate at the age of 3 and 28th days. As a result of the test, 30 kPa was the most efficient pressure for the MPE. After producing the specimen with three types of repair materials with different main components, the bonding strength was measured according to dry and wet conditions, construction site (ceiling, wall and floor), and whether or not pressurized, on the 3rd, 7th, 14th, and 28th, indicating that the repair materials mixed with cellulose fiber was most effective for the MPE.

Geochemical Characteristics of the Jurassic Chunyang Granites in Northeastern Part of the Yeongnam Massif (영남육괴에 분포하는 쥐라기 춘양화강암의 지화학적 특성)

  • Kang, Minyoung;Kim, Yunji;Wee, Soomeen
    • Journal of the Korean earth science society
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    • v.38 no.1
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    • pp.49-63
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    • 2017
  • The geochemical results of the Chunyang granites located in the northeastern part of the Yeongnam Massif, indicate that these rocks have characteristics of calc-alkaline series in the sub-alkaline field, I-type and peraluminous. Most of the geochemical features in major and trace elements show systematic trends, which are similar to differentiation trends of the general Jurassic granitoids in South Korea. The Chunyang granite is largely enriched in mobile LILE (Sr, K, Rb and Ba) relatively immobile HFSE. They show LREE enriched patterns [$(La/Lu)_{CN}=41.8-73.2$] with a slightly negative Eu anomaly [$(Eu/Eu^*)_{CN}=0.89-1.10$]. There are no meaningful correlations in major and trace elements between the Chunyang granites and the Buseok plutonic rock which is the main unit of the Yeongju batholith. This result may suggest that these two plutonic rocks be not derived from the same parent magma. Tectonic discrimination diagrams indicate that the Chunyang granite was formed in volcanic arc environments. These geochemical characteristics results suggest that the Chunyang granite must have been generated at the active continental margin during the subduction of the Jurassic proto-Pacific plate.

Development of Advanced Manufacturing Process of Light Interference Pearl Pigment (광 간섭 펄 안료의 신규 제조 공정 개발)

  • Son, Hong Ha;Yu, Jae Won;Kim, Kyung Seob
    • Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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    • v.41 no.2
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    • pp.121-126
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    • 2015
  • In general, the pearlescent pigment is a pigment which was used for optical characteristics like pearl, rainbow and metallic luster. Titanium dioxide coated mica plate developed by DuPont in 1965 is currently being used as a main part of pearlescent pigment for cosmetics. Although the smooth and clear surface substrate laminated with 2 ~ 3 ingredients is thicker than a previous monolayer coated substrate, it has been applied for cosmetics as the optical interference powder to realize stronger shine and brighter interference color than monolayer one. In this study, we developed a new optical interference powder with thinner and higher chroma than a current pearlescent pigment for the strong luster and bright interference color. It was prepared from the manufacturing process, in which the coated titanium dioxide precursor was changed and crystallized by coating and heat treatment process with a half of dividing the coated amount of titanium dioxide. We confirmed the dense coating of titanium dioxide grain with Scanning Electron Microscope and measured superior crystallization degree compared with a monolayer coated pearlescent pigment by X-ray Diffraction. It is concluded that our new pearlescent pigment had higher reflectivity of light and stronger interference color than previous products.