• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.78-85
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• 2018

This study examined the changes in antioxidant activity and contents of phenolic compounds inblanched, steamed, and autoclaved burdock root (BR). The total polyphenolic and flavonoids contents of raw and cooked BR were determined spectrophotometrically. The antioxidant activity of BR was measured using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assays. The main phenolic compounds in BR were quantified by HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography). Both blanching and steaming treatments significantly increased the antioxidant activities of BR in all groups (5 min, 15 min, and 30 min), whereas in autoclaving treatment, the 30 min treatment only showed an increase in the antioxidant activities of BR. The 30 min blanched BR exhibited the strongest DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities and possessed the highest total polyphenol and flavonoid phenolic contents. The 15 min-steamed BR showed the highest ORAC value. The main phenolic compound of the 15 min-steamed BR was CGA (chlorogenic acid). These results suggest that heat cooking methods, such as blanching and steaming, improve the antioxidant activity of BR by increasing the concentration of phenolic compounds.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.184-190
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• 2020

This study was performed to find antibacterial substances contained in Scutellariae Radix (SR) using a systems pharmacological analysis method and to establish an effective strategy for the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases. Analysis of the main active ingredients of SR was performed using Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP) Database and Analysis Platform. 36 active compounds were screened by the parameter values of Drug-Likeness (DL), Oral Bioavailability (OB), and Caco-2 permeability (Caco-2), which were based on the drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion indicators. The UniProt database was used to obtain information on 159 genes associated with active compounds. The main active compounds with antibacterial effects were wogonin, β-sitosterol, baicalein, acacetin and oroxylin-A. Target proteins associated with the antibacterial action were chemokine ligand 2, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor, caspase-8,9 and mitogen-activated protein kinase 14. In the future, systems pharmacological analysis of traditional medicine will be able to make it easy to find the important mechanism of action of active substances present in natural medicines and to optimize the efficacy of medicinal effects for combinations of major ingredients to help treat certain diseases.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.557-565
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• 1992

Volatile components of domestic Meju and Doenjang were extracted by simultaneous steam distillation extraction, and analyzed by GC-MS. Sixty-four kinds of compounds were identified from neutral fraction. The contents of pentanal, hexanal and 1-octen-3-ol were high in cooked soybean while those of 3-methylbutanal and 1-butanol were high in Meju. In the case of Doenjang, so many compounds including acetic acid, ethylester were identified which was not appeared in Meju. The main compounds in Meju were 3-methyl-1-butanol, 2-furancarboxyaldehyde, 1-octen-3-ol, benzeneacetaldehyde, methyloctadecadienoate and methyloctadecenoate. Of the eleven compounds identified from basic fraction, the contents of 2,6-dime-thylpyrazine, trimethylpyrazine and tetramethylpyrazine were high in Meju and Doenjang. Nine kinds of compounds were identified from phenolic fraction and appeared that 4-vinylphenol and p-ethylguaiacol were major compounds in Meju and Doenjang. Fifteen kinds of volatile compounds were contained in acidic fraction. Only four acidic compounds were identified in cooked soybean and Meju, but in Doenjang ten compounds were identified which did not appeared in other samples. Among them pentadecanoic acid was major compound.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.606-612
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• 1988

The volatile flavor compounds of fresh and dried shiitake mushrooms(Lentinus edodes) were extracted by simultaneous steam distillation-extraction apparatus, and analyzed by combined GC and GC-MS, and effects of pH on the formation of volatile compounds in fresh shiitake mushroom were investigated. Of the 29 compounds identified from fresh shiitake mushroom, the main volatile compound was 1-octen-3-ol comprising about 74.7% of the total volatiles and that in dried shiitake mushroom was 1, 2, 4-trithiolane comprising about 66.3%. With the exception of above two compounds, 3-octanone, 1-octen-3-one, 3-octanol, cis-2-octenal, n-octanol and cis-2-octenol as $C_8$ compounds were identified. Carbon disulfide, dimethyl disulfide, dimethyl trisulfide, 1-(methyl thio)-dimethyl disulfide, 1, 2, 4, 5-tetrathiane as sulfurous compounds were also identified. The formation of $C_8$ compounds in fresh shiitake mushroom during immersion was dominant in the range of pH 6.0 to 7.0, while the formation of sulfurous compounds in the range of pH 8.0 to 9.0.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.487-496
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to develop the preliminary source fingerprints of volatile organic compounds (VOC). The source categories studied were vehicles, gasoline vapor, gasoline storage tank, coating, dry cleaning and road covering. The source samples were collected using 6L electro-polished stainless steel canisters for about 20 seconds. From this study, the main component emitted from VOC sources in Korea was toluene. The toluene proportion for road covering, vehicles, coating and gasoline vapor were 35, 18, 16 and 5%, respec- tively. The C$_2$-C$\sub$5/ alkane and alkene compounds were mainly emitted from vehicles, gasoline vapor and gasoline storage tank. The main compounds of coating were m/p-xylene(34%), toluene(16%), 1,2,4-TMB(10%) and o-xylene(9%), which are aromatic hydrocarbons. In the case of dry cleaning, nonane(41%), 1,2,4-TMB (22%) and 1,3,5-TMB(13%) were mainly emitted.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.332-343
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• 2007

The concentrations of major volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were measured using a passive sampler in the leather industries, Shihwa and Banwol industrial complex. The leather industries were classified into four groups in raw materials and main product. The concentrations of total VOCs measured in process for ${\ulcorner}$ manufacture of reconstituted leather and special treated leather${\lrcorner}$was highest. The main VOCs measured in the leather industries was found to be toluene with a average concentration of 1,200 ppb. The major group selected in the leather industries was divided into three groups by the fingerprint analysis and the principal component analysis. The major VOCs in the groups classified by fingerprint analysis were found to be dependent on the characteristics of raw materials and main products.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.325-329
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• 2004

The composition of essential oil from O. javanica was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Using the broth dilution method and disk diffusion test, anti-microbial activities of the oil fraction and its main components were evaluated against various antibiotic-susceptible and resistant strains of pathogenic microorganisms. As a result of GC-MS analysis, 57 compounds, including ${\alpha}-terpinolene$ (28.1%), dl-limonene (16.0%), ${\gamma}-terpinene$ (10.3%), ${\beta}-pinene$ (9.7%) and ${\alpha}-pinene$ (6.0%) were identified in the essential oil fraction. The essential oil fraction of O. javanica and its main components exhibited significant inhibitory activities, particularly against Candida albicans (antibiotic-susceptible strains) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (antibiotic- susceptible and resistant strains). The main components of the O. javanica oil fraction displayed different patterns of activity against the three tested Candida species as exemplified by the differential minimum inhibiting concentration (MIC) values. The disk diffusion test showed that the activities were dose dependent.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.36 no.9
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• pp.614-623
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• 2014

Customers water quality complaints by foreign substance in local water service can be able to call the main cause bring the distrust for tap water and inhibiting the rate of drinking water. In this study, foreign substances were collected in the target region. Foreign objects were subjected to qualitative and quantitative analysis of compounds and elements components to reveal the cause of detection. Also, resolve the complaints by foreign substance and improve the reliability for tap water providing high quality water supply scheme. Collected substances at the water quality complaint area were included in inorganic compounds due to internal corrosion and aging pipeline, as well as organic compounds containing a large amount of carbon (C) and oxygen (O) component. To decide and reduce for foreign substance, objective assessment of pipe condition in target area was required.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.67-73
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• 2001

The allelochemicals from aqueous extracts of A. artemisiifolia var. elatior leaves and roots were analyzed and 60 compounds in the leaf and 53 compounds in the roots were inspected. The main compounds were acids,. especially phenolic acids and some non-acids. The total amount of compounds in the aqueous extracts of A. artemisiifolia var. elatior leaves was higher than in the roots. The aqueous extracts had much high inhibiting effects on the germination and seedling elongation of selected plants. In both cases, the inhibiting effects were very different with different selected plants and increased significantly as the concentration of aqueous extracts increased. Capsicum annum, Achyranthes japonica, and Oenothera odorta plants were suffered more significant inhibition effects than Raphnus sativus, Cucumis sativus, Brassica camperstris plants. Aqueous extracts from leaves had slightly higher inhibition effects than the aqueous extracts from the roots.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.322-334
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• 2007

This study covers the investigation of the actual condition in the workplace to produce plastics products using synthetic resins and the investigation on the trends amount of the domestic production of thermoplastic resins. To analyze the monomers included in thermoplastic resins frequently used in the workplace, we analyzed thermal characteristics for test compounds using thermogravimetric analysis and did the qualitative analysis using Pyrolyzer GC-MSD & TDS GC-MSD. And then we classified the health hazard of monomers based on GHS classification criteria using information toxicity & carcinogenicity. The number of the workplace to produce plastics products among all domestic manufacturers of 73,884 was 4,391 (5.94%). The number of workers to produce plastics products among all workers of 2,522,750 in all domestic manufacturers was 104,971 (4.16%). The amount of production per year for thermoplastic resins is in the order of PP, HDPE, LDPE, PVC, ABS, PS and such compounds was producing over 1 Million ton per year each. The classification result based on GHS classification criteria for 22 main compounds included thermoplastic resins says 2 compounds of acrylonitrile, naphthalene are in Acute oral category 3 and benzene is in Acute dermal category 1. The classification results of health hazard of carcinogenicity based on IARC & ACGIH carcinogen classification says 2 compounds of benzene, vinyl chloride are in category 1A (known to be human carcinogens).