• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.11-21
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• 2011

목적: 금속전극은 MRI 안에서 자기장의 왜곡을 일으켜 영상에 인공물이 나타난다. 본 논문에서는 전극이 B0와 수직으로 놓였을때 자기장 패턴의 특성을 이용하여 oblique-view angle imaging 방식을 통해 전극의 정확한 위치를 결정하는 방법을 제시하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: 다양한 직경과 자화율을 가진 금속 전극모델의 시뮬레이션을 통하여 전극으로 인해 왜곡되는 field map의 양상을 파악하고 해상도에 따른 turbo spin-echo (TSE) 영상의 왜곡패턴을 분석하여 일반적인 영상기 법($90^{\circ}$ view)과 $45^{\circ}$ oblique-view에서의 위치 추정 기준을 마련하였으며 3.0T 임상용 장비에서 실제 전극의 TSE영상을 획득하여 시뮬레이션과 대조 검증하였다. 상대적으로 자기장의 왜곡에 민감한 gradient-refocused echo (GRE)시퀀스에서는 위상 영상을 이용해 위치를 추정하였다. 결과: 금속전극이 B0와 수직일 때 전극을 통과하는 $45^{\circ}$ 선상에서는 자기장 패턴의 변화가 매우 적었다. TSE 시퀀스의 경우 $45^{\circ}$ oblique-view 영상에서는 자화율의 크기에 관계없이 위치 추정기준이 잘 들어 맞았으며 자기장 왜곡에 의한 픽셀이 동양상이 양방향 대칭적으로 일어나므로 해상도가 낮은 경우에도 정확한 위치 추정이 가능하였다. 또한 GRE 시퀀스를 사용하였을때 $45^{\circ}$ oblique-view에서는 위상의 극성이 변화하는 선이 직교좌표계와 일치하기 때문에 일반적 방법보다 위치추정이 용이하였다. 결론: 시뮬레이션과 실제영상을 이용하여 일반적인 $90^{\circ}$ view에서보다 $45^{\circ}$ oblique-view에서 금속전극의 위치추정이 용이함을 확인하였다. 이는 전기 생리학적인 뇌연구 및 뇌수술 등을 MRI로 모니터링 하는데 적용 가능할 것으로 기대된다.

• Progress in Superconductivity
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.38-44
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• 2003

The aim of this study is to confirm clinical usefulness of magnetocardiogram (MCG) by analyzing MCG data of health subjects and patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Measurement of MCG signals was done with a home-made 40-channel SQUID system. MCG signals of 30 healthy subjects were measured as the reference of MCG signals. Among the DCM patients, 7 patients showed abnormal the direction of T wave vector. For a WPW syndrome patient, we measured the MCG signals before and after the surgery. and compared the difference. From the measured magnetic field distribution, current vector map was obtained to show the myocardium current activity. By comparing the MCG signals and current maps, we showed the differences in the analysis results between the healthy subjects and patients with heart diseases.

• Progress in Superconductivity
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.6-11
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• 2008

Multi-channel magnetocardiography (MCG) has been proposed to detect ischemic heart disease because its sensitivity is quite high comparing with other conventional diagnostic tools. Especially, current map and magnetic field map of MCG provide crucial information on whether myocardiac muscles maintain the normal conduction pathway. In addition, MCG parameters derived from repolarization are useful to detect coronary artery disease. Recently, there was a study reporting that R- and T- wave amplitude are highly correlated with ischemic heart disease. In this study, we studied R- and T-wave amplitude and their ratio as well as MCG parameters. MCG data from 20 young, 20 age-matched controls, and 20 myocardial infarction (MI) patients were analyzed. As a result, MCG parameters showed significant change in MI patients comparing to those of controls. R- and T-wave amplitude of MI patients showed a feature of severe ischemic heart disease even though it was difficult to find consistent values. Further study is needed to reveal the relations between small T-wave amplitude and coronary artery disease.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.184-187
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• 2016

Neuronal connectivity determines brain function. Therefore, understanding the full map of brain connectivity with functional annotations is one of the most desirable but challenging tasks in science. Current methods to achieve this goal are limited by the resolution of imaging tools and the field of view. Macroscale imaging tools (e.g., magnetic resonance imaging, diffusion tensor images, and positron emission tomography) are suitable for large-volume analysis, and the resolution of these methodologies is being improved by developing hardware and software systems. Microscale tools (e.g., serial electron microscopy and array tomography), on the other hand, are evolving to efficiently stack small volumes to expand the dimension of analysis. The advent of mesoscale tools (e.g., tissue clearing and single plane ilumination microscopy super-resolution imaging) has greatly contributed to filling in the gaps between macroscale and microscale data. To achieve anatomical maps with gene expression and neural connection tags as multimodal information hubs, much work on information analysis and processing is yet required. Once images are obtained, digitized, and cumulated, these large amounts of information should be analyzed with information processing tools. With this in mind, post-imaging processing with the aid of many advanced information processing tools (e.g., artificial intelligence-based image processing) is set to explode in the near future, and with that, anatomic problems will be transformed into informatics problems.

• 천문학논총
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.453-455
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• 2015

In this paper we introduce the Plasma Physics of Active Galactic Nuclei project, which is an ongoing experiment with Korean VLBI Network (KVN) and KVN and VERA Array (KaVA) to study multi-frequency polarimetric properties on parsec scales of active galaxies. The goal of the project is to improve our understanding of fundamental jet physics, especially evolution of the relativistic outflow coupled with the large-scale magnetic field. We selected six radio-loud AGN as our targets. So far we (i) detected resolved emissions regions at 86 and 129 GHz on VLBI scales, (ii) constructed 2D spectral index maps of the outflows, and (iii) found polarizations at 22 and 43 GHz for a few targets. Here we present spectral index distributions of 3C 120 between 22 and 43 GHz and a linear polarization map of BL Lac at 43 GHz obtained with KVN.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.395-404
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• 1995

중력 및 자력 탐사자료를 분석하여 제주도의 지지구조를 연구하였다. 부우게 중력이상도에서 섬 중앙의 한라산체에서 뚜렷한 원형의 저이상이 나타나며, 이상값의 차이는 최대 30 mgal 로 나타났다. 지하지질구조 모델링을 위하여 기반암 상부에 위치하는 화산암체를 각주로 나누어 중력자료의 삼차원 심도역산을 실시한 결과, 화산암의 기저면은 한라산 아래로 휘어지며 최대 깊이는 5 km 정도에 이른다. 자력자료로는 항공탐사자료와 육상탐사자료를 함께 이용하였다. 이들로부터 구한 자력이상도는 다소의 차이는 보이나 전체적으로는 중위도 지방에서 지구자기장의 방향으로 자화된 자력이상체로 부터 야기되는 전형적인 이상의 형태를 보인다. 자극변환을 한 이상도를 보면 섬의 주된 자력원은 장축을 따라 발달하는 열곡대와 한라산체로 나타난다. Cordell과 Grauch (1985)의 방법으로 구한 자력원의 경계는 표선리 현무암과 시흥리 현무암과 같은 비교적 최근에 분출된 화산암의 경계와 잘 일치한다. 자력모델링은 심도와 대자율을 두 변수로 취하여 항공탐사자료의 삼차원 역산을 수행하였다. 역산 결과, 높은 대자율을 가지는 화산암은 열곡대와 중앙화산체에서 나타나며 기반의 심도는 장축을 따라서는 1.5~3 km, 용암대지에서는 1~1.5 km 정도로 나타나며, 한라산 하부에서 최대 5 km로 나타난다. 중력과 자력이상도 모두에서 나타나는 동부 지역의 남북 방향의 이상은 지질도 상에서는 확인되지 않는 단층 또는 파쇄대에 의한 것일 가능성이 있다.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.141-155
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• 2021

Purpose: To develop a 3D magnetic resonance fingerprinting (MRF) method for application in high resolution knee cartilage PD, T₁, T₂ mapping. Materials and Methods: A novel 3D acquisition trajectory with golden-angle rotating radial in k_xy direction and interleaved echo planar imaging (EPI) acquisition in the k_z direction was implemented in the MRF framework. A centric order was applied to the interleaved EPI acquisition to reduce Nyquist ghosting artifact due to field inhomogeneity. For the reconstruction, singular value decomposition (SVD) compression method was used to accelerate reconstruction time and conjugate gradient sensitivity-encoding (CG-SENSE) was performed to overcome low SNR of the high resolution data. Phantom experiments were performed to verify the proposed method. In vivo experiments were performed on 6 healthy volunteers and 2 early osteoarthritis (OA) patients. Results: In the phantom experiments, the T₁ and T₂ values of the proposed method were in good agreement with the spin-echo references. The results from the in vivo scans showed high quality proton density (PD), T₁, T₂ map with EPI echo train length (N_ETL = 4), acceleration factor in through plane (R_z = 5), and number of radial spokes (N_spk = 4). In patients, high T₂ values (50-60 ms) were seen in all transverse, sagittal, and coronal views and the damaged cartilage regions were in agreement with the hyper-intensity regions shown on conventional turbo spin-echo (TSE) images. Conclusion: The proposed 3D MRF method can acquire high resolution (0.5 mm³) quantitative maps in practical scan time (~ 7 min and 10 sec) with full coverage of the knee (FOV: 160 × 160 × 120 mm³).

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.170-179
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• 2007

This paper introduces the optimal disposition of direction finder using EM(Electro-magnetic) wave propagation analysis which is based on LR(Longley-Rice) propagation model and the characteristics of direction finder, emitter and terrain. Initial model is simulated and modified to minimize propagation error as a result of the field trials. Proposed analysis used line-of-sight analysis and mountain-top extraction algorithm to optimize the disposition in the assigned area and the result can be displayed in the 3D map in order of the percentage coverage for direction finding possibility area.

• 한국초전도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국초전도학회 2005년도 High Temperature Superconductivity Vol.XV
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• pp.53-53
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• 2005

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.20-28
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• 2021

With an increase in the commercialization of electricity, and the development of advanced and large electric devices and various wireless radio wave services, concerns over the effects of electromagnetic fields on human health have increased. Accordingly, the World Health Organization encouraged the development of international standards by establishing the 'International Electromagnetic Fields Project' in 1996 based on studies on the harmful effects of electromagnetic fields on the human body. Moreover, the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) classified electromagnetic fields as possible carcinogens under Group 2B category, even though they have been found to have a weak correlation with those effects on human health. Mid-to-large-sized electric facilities used at industrial sites mostly adopt a commercial frequency of 60 Hz, and workers handling these facilities are exposed to such extremely low frequency (ELF) fields for a long time. A previous study suggested that exposure to ELF electromagnetic fields with frequency ranges from 0 to 300 Hz, even for a short time, at densities higher than 100 μT may have harmful effects on human body as it affects the activation of nerve cells in the central nervous system by inducing an electric field and current and stimulating muscles and the nervous system in the body. Such studies, however, focused on home appliances used by ordinary people, and research on facilities utilizing high-capacity current and operated by workers at industrial sites is lacking. Therefore, in this study, a 3000 kilowatt generator, which is a high-capacity electric facility employed at industrial sites, was investigated, and the size of the magnetic fields generated during its no-load and high-load operations per distance to produce a map was measured to reveal spots deemed hazardous according to domestic and international exposure standards. The findings of this study is expected to alleviate workers' anxiety about the harmful effects of magnetic fields on their body and to minimize the level of exposure during operations.