• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.32 no.12
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• pp.4215-4220
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• 2011

This study introduces a new concept for a simple, efficient and cheap sensitivity amplification of a Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) based immunosensor system for the detection of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-${\alpha}$, TNF) by using an in-built magnetic system. The frequency shift due to the applied magnetic field was successfully observed on magnetic particles labeled detection antibodies, anti-human TNF-${\alpha}$, which were bound to the immunologically captured TNF-${\alpha}$ on the gold coated quartz crystals. In the present system, the magnitude of frequency shift depends on both the strength of magnetic field and the amount of target antigen applied. Significant signal amplification was observed when the additional built-in residual stress generated by the modified magnetic particles under the magnetic field applied. Used in conjunction with a sandwich type non-competitive immunoassay format, the lower detection limit was calculated to be 25 $ngmL^{-1}$ and showed good linearity up to TNF-${\alpha}$ concentrations as high as 2.0 ${\mu}gmL^{-1}$. The sensitivity, most importantly, was improved up to 4.3 times compared with the same QCM system which was used only an antigen-antibody binding without additional magnetic amplification.

• 한국초전도학회:학술대회논문집
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• v.10
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• pp.7-7
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• 2000

A high $T_c$ SQUID system is developed for the application to biological immunoassay. In this application, magnetic nanoparticles are used as magnetic markers to perform immunoassay, i.e., to detect binding reaction between an antigen and its antibody. The antibody is labeled with ${\gamma}-Fe_2O_3\;(or\;Fe_3O_4)$ nanoparticles, and the binding reaction can be magnetically detected by measuring the magnetic field from the nanoparticles. Design and set up of the system is described. The system consists of (1) SQUID magnetometer or gradiometer made of 30-deg. bicrystal junctions, (2) field and compensation coils to apply the magnetic field of about 1 mT, (3) special Dewar to realize a 2 mm-distance between the SQUID and the sample, (4) two layers of cylindrical shielding to reduce the extemal magnetic noise to about 1/100, and (5) an electric slider to move the sample with a speed of 10 mm/sec. The sensitivity of the system is studied in terms of detectable magnetic flux. For the measurement bandwidth from 0.2 Hz to 10 Hz, minimum-detectable amplitude of the magnetic flux is $0.8\;m\;{\Phi}_o$ and $0.25\;m{\Phi}_o$ for the magnetometer and the gradiometer, respectively, when the magnetic field of 1 mT is applied. The difference between them is due to the residual environmental noise, and the applied magnetic field does not increase the system noise. The corresponding weight of the magnetic markers is 1 ng and 310 pg, respectively. An experiment is also conducted to measure antigen-antibody reaction with the present system. It is shown that the sensitivity of the present system is 10 times better than that of the conventional method using an optical marker. A one order of magnitude improvement of sensitivity will be realized by the sophistication of the present system.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.52-56
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• 2009

Interlayer coupling field, coercivity, magnetoresitance ratio, and magnetic sensitivity depending on the thickness of free CoFe layer for the CoFe/Cu/CoFe/IrMn multilayer are investigated. In case of CoFe layer of $30\;{\AA}$ thickness for the CoFe(t)/Cu($25\;{\AA}$)/CoFe($60\;{\AA}$)/IrMn($80\;{\AA}$) multilayer with ferromagnet/non-magnet/ferromagnet structure induced by IrMn layer, the lowest coercivity and the highest magnetic sensitivity, which is contained soft magnetic property, are observed. On the other side, in case of CoFe layer of $90\;{\AA}$ thickness, there are the highest coercivity and the lowest magnetic sensitivity. The fabricated CoFe($30\;{\AA}$)/Cu($25\;{\AA}$)/CoFe($60\;{\AA}$)]/IrMn($80\;{\AA}$) spin valve device with $2{\times}8{\mu}m^2$ patterning size are measured by two probe method, which is selected the sensing current as the longitudinal direction and the easy axis as the transversal direction. The measuring magntoresistance ratio and magnetic sensitivity of GMR-SV device having the soft magnetic property are 3.0% and 0.3%/Oe, respectively.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.577-580
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• 2005

This paper reports the high sensitivity actuator for flexible disk. The air stabilized flexible optical disk has very small axial runout. Therefore, It is proper to develop an actuator which has high sensitivity in tracking direction rather than in focusing direction. In order to maximize driving force in radial direction, we present an efficient design of magnetic circuit with simple multi-polarized magnets and auxiliary magnets. Designed magnetic circuit has big force in tracking direction. And we shift 2$^{nd}$ resonance frequency of moving parts Into high frequency band, not causing increase of mass and discord between force and mass centers to secure high sensitivities and sufficient control bandwidth. Finally, experimental results show that designed actuator has superior sensitivity in tracking direction.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 1997.10a
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• pp.249-252
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• 1997

The resolution of analog sensor is determined by its sensitivity and amplitude of noise. This paper presents modeling of inductive gap sensor base on equivalent magnetic circuit and analysis of sensitivity. The model of inductive gap sensor is verified by the experimental results. Then we can simulate static characteristic of inductive gap sensor using this model. Computer simulation show that sensor's sensitivity and linearity are affected by magnetic flux's leakage and fringing, and that they are affected by shape of sensor probe.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2008.07a
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• pp.651-652
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• 2008

This research presents a multi-objective optimal design employing topological approach to maximize magnetic energy while minimizing structural deformation which is caused by magnetic reluctance force and magnetostriction. A design sensitivity formula is derived by employing the adjoint variable method (AVM) to avoid numerous sensitivity evaluations for a coupled magneto-mechanical analysis. The sensitivity analysis is verified using the finite difference method (FDM) in a C-shape actuator. A linear actuator used in a home appliance is examined for optimal design and demonstrates the strength of the proposed topology optimization approach.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.72-77
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• 2014

This paper proposes an indirect fault detection method for an onboard degaussing coil system, installed to reduce the underwater magnetic field from the ferromagnetic hull. The method utilizes underwater field signals measured at specific magnetic treatment facilities instead of using time-consuming numerical field solutions in a three-dimensional space. An equivalent magnetic charge model combined with a material sensitivity formula is adopted to predict fault coil locations. The purpose of the proposed method is to yield reliable data on the location and type of a coil breakdown even without information on individual degaussing coils, such as dimension, location and number of turns. Under several fault conditions, the method is tested with a model ship equipped with 20 degaussing coils.

• Journal of Institute of Convergence Technology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.7-12
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• 2015

A novel topology for the magnet gear is proposed in this study. Differently from the existing methods, both sides of magnet array in this topology are used, resulting in increasing the efficiency of the mechanism. The closed magnetic path between the magnetic elements decreases the leakage flux, so the interlinking magnetic flux through the air-gap is focused and intensified. This paper discusses the dominant parameters of the proposed magnet gear influencing the resulting transmission torque. The parameters are designed from the sensitivity analysis using the commercial FEM analysis tool. And, the test setup for verifying the performance of the system is described.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.34 no.7
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• pp.821-827
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• 2010

This paper proposes a density method based topology optimization of a perpendicular magnetic recording system design in which the saturation effect is taken into account. During the topology optimization process in magnetic fields, the magnetic reluctivity is updated in accordance with the changes in element density determined by a sensitivity analysis. The magnetic reluctivity is determined from a B-H curve and is used to represent nonlinear material property, i.e., the saturation effect. The sensitivity for a generalized response functional is formulated using the adjoint variable method in which the nonlinear property is taken into account and the objective function is set such that the magnetic energy in the media is maximized. Effects due to the nonlinear property can be observed from a numerical study in which the linear and the nonlinear topology optimization results are compared.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.70-72
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• 2005

The relation between electrical properties of YBaCuO ceramic superconductor and externally applied magnetic field was studied. Electrical characteristics of the superconductor with trapped magnetic fluxes are extremely sensitive to the external magnetic field and show the different responses which depend on the direction of the magnetic field. Considering these properties of the superconductor with trapped magnetic fluxes, a magnetic sensor is fabricated. This sensor is able to detect simultaneously both the intensity and the direction of the magnetic field. The sensitivity of the sensor is less than 10$^{-4} T.