• 제목/요약/키워드: Magnetic Moments

검색결과 129건 처리시간 0.023초

Temperature-Dependent Redox Isomerism via Intramolecular Electron Transfer. Synthesis and Properties of Co(dmppz)₂(3,6-dbq)₂ (dmppz=1,4-dimethylpiperazine; 3,6-dbq=3,6-di-tert-butyl-1,2-quinone)

  • 정옥상;조두환;박성호;손윤수
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • 제18권6호
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    • pp.628-631
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    • 1997
  • The preparation and characterization of $Co(dmppz)_2(3,6-dbq)_2$ (dmppz=1,4-dimethylpiperazine; 3,6-dbq=3,6-di-tert-butyl-1,2-quinone) are established. Temperature-dependent magnetic moments (100-400 K), variable-temperature IR, and electronic spectra are presented to show that the title complex exhibits an equilibrium via a catechol to cobalt intramolecular electron transfer. At temperatures below 350 K, the charge distribution of the complex is $Co^Ⅲ(dmppz)_2(3,6-dbsq)(3,6-dbcat)$ (3,6-dbsq=3,6-di-tert-butyl-1,2-semiquinonato; 3,6-dbcat=3,6-di-tert-butylcatecholato) whereas at the temperature beyond 390 K, the complex is predominantly Co^Ⅱ(dmppz)_2(3,6-dbsq)_2$ form in the solid state. At the temperature range of 350-390 K a mixture of Co(Ⅲ) and Co(Ⅱ) redox isomers exist at equilibrium. The transition temperature (Tc) of Co(Ⅲ)/Co(Ⅱ) in solution is approximately 50° lower than that in the solid state. In particular, thermal analysis on solid sample of the complex discloses that the transition for the Co(Ⅲ)/Co(Ⅱ) is accompanied by the change in heat content of 12.30 kcal/mol.

THE LOW TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE OF MAGNETIZATION AND AC SUSCEPTIBILITY OF GLASSY $Fe_{91-x}Zr_{7}B_{2}Ni_{x}$ (x=0,5,10,15) ALLOYS

  • Strom, V.;Kim, K.S.;Jonsson, B.J.;Yu, S.C.;Inoue, A.;Rao, K.V.
    • 한국자기학회지
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    • 제5권5호
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    • pp.515-518
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    • 1995
  • We have studied the magnetization in fields up to 1T at 5K, the saturation magnetization dependence on temperature and the temperature dependence of AC-susceptibility at very low fields (5mOe to 50mOe) of glassy $Fe_{91-x}Zr_{7}B_{2}Ni_{x}$ (x = 0, 5, 10, 15) alloys. The temperature dependence of the magnetization follows the predictions of spin wave excitations with long wavelengths. At zero Ni concentration there is a clear competition between ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic interactions giving rise to spin-glass behaviour. The addition of Ni drastically modifies the magnetic properties: the antiferromagnetic exchange coupling is reduced and finally disappears, the spin wave stiffness increases from 39.5 to $87.3\;meV{\AA}^{2}$ and To increases from 230 K to 478 K. We develop a simple model to quantify the competing interactions and to relate the antiferromagnetically coupled Fe moments to the Ni concentration. We find that the initial susceptibility increases with increasing Ni content along with a decrease of the temperature dependence.

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Crystallographic and Magnetic Properties of Co, Zn, Ni-Zn Substituted Nano-size Manganese Ferrites Synthesized by Sol-gel Method

  • Noh, Kwang Mo;Lee, Young Bae;Kwon, Woo Hyun;Kang, Jeoung Yun;Choi, Won-Ok;Chae, Kwang Pyo
    • Journal of Magnetics
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    • 제21권3호
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    • pp.308-314
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    • 2016
  • Cobalt-, zinc-, and nickel-zinc-substituted nano-size manganese ferrite powders, $MnFe_2O_4$, $Mn_{0.8}Co_{0.2}Fe_2O_4$, $Mn_{0.8}Zn_{0.2}Fe_2O_4$ and $Mn_{0.8}Ni_{0.1}Zn_{0.1}Fe_2O_4$, were fabricated using a sol-gel method, and their crystallographic and magnetic properties were subsequently studied. The $MnFe_2O_4$ ferrite powder annealed at temperatures above 523 K exhibited a spinel structure, and the particle size increased as the annealing temperature increased. All ferrites annealed at 773 K showed a single spinel structure, and the lattice constants and particle size decreased with the substitution of Co, Zn, and Ni-Zn. The $M{\ddot{o}}ssbauer$ spectrum of the $MnFe_2O_4$ ferrite powder annealed at 523 K only showed a doublet due to its superparamagnetic phase, and the $M{\ddot{o}}ssbauer$ spectra of the $MnFe_2O_4$, $Mn_{0.8}Co_{0.2}Fe_2O_4$, and $Mn_{0.8}Zn_{0.2}Fe_2O_4$ ferrite powders annealed at 773 K could be fitted as the superposition of two Zeeman sextets due to the tetrahedral and octahedral sites of the $Fe^{3+}$ ions. However, the $M{\ddot{o}}ssbauer$ spectrum of the $Mn_{0.8}Ni_{0.1}Zn_{0.1}Fe_2O_4$ ferrite powder annealed at 773 K consisted of two Zeeman sextets and one quadrupole doublet due to its ferrimagnetic and paramagnetic behavior. The area ratio of the $M{\ddot{o}}ssbauer$ spectra could be used to determine the cation distribution equation, and we also explained the variation in the $M{\ddot{o}}ssbauer$ parameters by using this cation distribution equation, the superexchange interaction and the particle size. Relative to pure $MnFe_2O_4$, the saturation magnetizations and coercivities were larger in $Mn_{0.8}Co_{0.2}Fe_2O_4$ and smaller in $Mn_{0.8}Zn_{0.2}Fe_2O_4$, and $Mn_{0.8}Ni_{0.1}Zn_{0.1}Fe_2O_4$. These variations could be explained using the site distribution equations, particle sizes and magnetic moments of the substituted ions.

α''-Fe16N2의 자기결정이방성 (Magnetocrystalline Anisotropy of α''-Fe16N2)

  • ;손지철;홍지상
    • 한국자기학회지
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    • 제26권4호
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    • pp.115-118
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    • 2016
  • 본 연구에서는 순수한 ${\alpha}^{{\prime}{\prime}}-Fe_{16}N_2$의 띠구조와 자기결정이방성에 대한 총 퍼텐셜 선형보강 평면파(Full-potential Linearized Augmented Plane Wave; FLAPW) 방법을 이용하여 연구하였다. 혼성화된 질소원자로 인해 Fe(4e), Fe(8h) 영역의 자기모멘트가 감소되었지만 z-축 방향의 격자 확장으로 인해 Fe(4d) 영역의 자기모멘트가 매우 커짐을 확인할 수 있었다. 각각의 Fe 영역들(4d, 4e, 8h) 스핀 자기모멘트들은 이전에 알려진 값들과 잘 일치함을 알 수 있다. 정방정계 왜곡으로 인해 $0.58 MJ/m^3$의 매우 큰 일축이방성상수를 구할 수 있었다. 게다가 1.76 MA/m의 매우 큰 자화량 또한 얻을 수 있었다. 또한 순수한 ${\alpha}^{{\prime}{\prime}}-Fe_{16}N_2$의 6.51 kOe의 예측 보자력과 71.7 MGOe의 최대에너지적을 얻을 수 있었다. 이러한 결과는 ${\alpha}^{{\prime}{\prime}}-Fe_{16}N_2$ 구조가 희토류 대체 영구자석으로 이용될 가능성이 있다는 것을 의미한다.

철원소를 함유한 분자기반 생체물질 나노입자들의 연 x선 방사광 분광 연구 (Soft x-ray Synchrotron Radiation Spectroscopy Study of Molecule-based Nano Bioparticles Containing Fe)

  • 이은숙;김대현;황지훈;이기호;강정수
    • 한국자기학회지
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    • 제22권4호
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    • pp.125-129
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    • 2012
  • 이 연구에서는 헬리코박터 파이로리 페리틴, 헴, $NaM[Fe(CN)_6]{\cdot}H_2O$ 프러시안 블루(M=Co, Ni) 등의 분자기반 생체물질 나노입자들의 전자 구조를 연구하기 위하여 방사광을 광원으로 사용한 연 x선 광흡수 분광(soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy: XAS)과 연 x선 자기 원편광 이색성(soft x-ray magnetic circular dichroism: XMCD) 분광법 실험을 수행하였다. 이 연구로부터 페리틴 나노 입자들을 구성하고 있는 Fe 이온들은 모두 거의 3가 ($Fe^{3+}$)의 원자가 상태에 있으며, 프러시안 블루 나노 입자들 내의 Fe 이온들은 $Fe^{2+}-Fe^{3+}$의 혼합원자가 상태에 있다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 또한 페리틴 내의 $Fe^{3+}$ 이온들은 한 종류의 대칭성을 가진 국소 구조를 가지며, Fe 이온들의 자기모멘트는 모두 한 방향으로 정렬되어 있다는 사실을 발견하였다. 그리고 프러시안 블루 나노 입자들의 Fe 이온의 국소적 결합은 주로 $(CN)^-$ 리건드와의 결합에 의하여 결정된다는 것을 분광학적으로 알 수 있었다.

CrPt3(001) 박막의 자성: 제일원리계산 (First Principles Calculations on Magnetism of CrPt3(001) Thin Films)

  • 정태성;제갈소영;임성현;홍순철
    • 한국자기학회지
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    • 제27권2호
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    • pp.41-48
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    • 2017
  • $CrPt_3$ 합금은 큰 Kerr 효과를 보여 주는 강한 자기결정 이방성을 가지고 있고 흥미롭게도 훈트 제3법칙을 따르지 않는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 $CrPt_3$ 합금 박막의 두께의 따른 자성과 자기결정 이방성의 변화를 제일원리계산 방법을 이용하여 연구하였다. 기준 자료로 활용하기 위해 덩치 $CrPt_3$의 다양한 자성 상태, 즉 강자성(FM), A-, C-, G-type 반강자성(A-, C-, G-AF)에 대한 계산을 우선 수행하였는데 덩치 $CrPt_3$은 FM 상태가 안정하였고 이는 실험과 일치하였다. A-, C-, G-AF 상태가 FM 상태일 때 보다 총에너지가 각각 0.517, 0.591, 0.183 eV 만큼 높았고 Cr의 자기모멘트는 FM, A-, C-, G-AF 일 때 각각 2.782, 2.805, 2.794, $2.869_{{\mu}_B}$으로 확인되었다. $CrPt_3$(001) 박막의 표면은 CrPt 표면과 Pt 표면으로 두 종류의 원소 구성을 가질 수 있다. 각각의 표면에 대해 3층에서 9층까지 두께를 변화시켜 가면서 계산을 수행하였다. CrPt 표면의 3층 박막은 덩치와는 다르게 C-AF 상태가 FM 상태에 비해 8 meV 안정하였고 그 보다 두꺼운 5층, 7층, 9층 박막은 덩치처럼 FM 상태가 안정하였다. Pt 표면의 3층 박막은 C-AF 상태가 FM 상태에 비해 37 meV, 5층 박막은 G-AF이 FM 상태에 비해 54 meV 만큼 안정하였고 그 보다 두꺼운 7, 9층 박막은 덩치와 같이 FM 상태가 더 안정하였다.

A Convergence Test of the Full-potential Linearized Augmented Plane Wave (FLAPW) Method: Ferromagnetic Bulk BCC Fe

  • Seo, Seung-Woo;Song, You-Young;Gul, Rahman;Kim, In-Gee;Weinert, M.;Freeman, A.J.
    • Journal of Magnetics
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    • 제14권4호
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    • pp.137-143
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    • 2009
  • The convergence behavior of the all-electron full-potential linearized augmented plane-wave (FLAPW) method with the explicit orthogonalization (XO) scheme is tested on ferromagnetic bulk body-centered-cubic Fe. Applying a commonly used criterion relating the plane-wave and angular momentum cutoffs, $l_{max}\;=\;R_{MT}K_{max}$, where $R_{MT}$ is the muffin-tin (MT) sphere radius and $K_{max}$ is the plane-wave cutoff for the basis - the total energy is converged and stable for $K_{max}R_{MT}$ = 10. The total energy convergence dependence on the star-function cutoff, $G_{max}$, is minimal and so a $G_{max}$ of 3$K_{max}$ or a large enough $G_{max}$ is a reasonable choice. We demonstrate that the convergence with respect to $l_{max}$ or a fixed large enough $G_{max}\;and\;K_{max}$ are independent, and that $K_{max}$ provides a better measure of the convergence than $R_{MT}K_{max}$. The dependence of the total energy on $R_{MT}$ is shown to be small if the core states are treated equivalently, and that the XO scheme is able to treat systems with significantly smaller $R_{MT}$ than the standard LAPW method. For converged systems, the calculated lattice parameter, bulk modulus, and magnetic moments are in excellent agreement with the experimental values.

Ni/Fe(001)의 자성과 자기이방성에 대한 제일원리계산 (Magnetism and Magnetocrystalline Anisotropy of Ni/Fe(001) Surface: A First Principles Study)

  • 권오룡;홍순철
    • 한국자기학회지
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    • 제25권4호
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    • pp.101-105
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    • 2015
  • 희토류 금속이나 4d/5d 전이금속을 포함하지 않은 3d 전이금속 Fe와 Ni 원소만을 적절하게 배열해도 강한 수직 자기이방성을 가질 수 있음을 예측한 이론 계산 결과가 최근 보고된 바 있다. 그 계산에서는 Fe 층을 표면으로 하는 계만을 고려하였는데 본 논문에서는 Ni가 표면일 때의 자기이방성 에너지를 제일원리계산 방법으로 계산하여 자기이방성을 조절할 수 있는 방안이 있을 수 있는지를 알아 보았다. Fe(001) 표면에 Ni 원소 한 층이 덮였을 때[Ni/Fe(001)]의 자성과 자기이방성을 제일원리계산 방법으로 VASP과 FLAPW 방법을 상호 보완적으로 사용하면서 계산 결과를 비교해 보았다. VASP에 의한 결과는 FLAPW 방법으로 얻은 결과와 큰 차이가 없었고, Fe와 Ni의 강한 띠 혼합으로 Fe와 Ni의 자기모멘트가 모두 증가하였으며 Ni/Fe(001)은 수평 자기이방성을 가지는 것으로 계산되었다. 원자 별 자기이방성 기여도 계산에 의하면 자기이방성에 결정적인 역할을 하는 것은 Ni표면 층임을 알 수 있었다.

Surface Electronic Structures and Magnetism of a Full-Heusler Alloy Co2CrGa(001): A First-principles Study

  • Jin, Ying-Jiu;Lee, Jae-Il
    • Journal of Magnetics
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    • 제12권3호
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    • pp.97-102
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    • 2007
  • We have investigated the electronic structures and magnetism of a full Heusler alloy $Co_2CrGa(001)$ surface by using the all-electron full-potential linearized augmented plane wave (FLAPW) method within the generalized gradient approximation (GGA). We considered two types of different terminations: the Co-terminated (Co-Term) and the CrGa-terminated (CrGa-Term) surfaces. From the calculated layer-projected density of states (LDOS), we found that the surface of the CrGa-Term shows nearly half-metallic character while that of the Co-Term is far from the half-metallic. For the Co-Term, the surface Co atom moves down to the bulk region by $0.05{\AA}A$, while the subsurface Cr and Ga atoms move up to the surface layer by 0.05 and $0.01{\AA}$, respectively. For the CrGa-Term, there is a large inward relaxation of the surface Ga atom $(0.07{\AA})$, but the relaxation of the surface Cr atom is very small $(0.01{\AA})$. The relaxations affect not much to the overall shapes of DOS for both terminations, but make the surface states of the surface Cr and Ga atoms for the CrGa-Term shift to higher energy that enhances the nearly half-metallic character of the CrGa-Term. The magnetic moments of the surface $Cr(2.98{\mu}_B)$ in the CrGa-Term and the surface $Co(1.17{\mu}_B)$ in the Co-Term were much increased compared to those of the inner-layers $(1.79\;and\;0.77{\mu}_B)$, respectively, while that of the subsurface Cr atom in the Co-Term was decreased to $1.19{\mu}_B$.

Synthesis, Characterization, and Crystal Structures of Iron(Ⅱ) and Manganese(II) Complexes with 4,7-bis(2-pyridylmethyl)-1-thia-4,7-diazacyclononane

  • Delong Zhang;Daryle H. Busch;Nathaniel W. Alcock
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • 제19권9호
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    • pp.897-906
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    • 1998
  • A new synthesis has been developed for 1-thia-4,7-diazacyclononane and the complexation behavior of a particular derivative has been explored. The pentadentate ligand 4,7-bis(2-pyridylmethyl)-l-thia-4,7-diazacyclononane ([9]$N_2SPY_2$) and its iron(Ⅱ) and manganese(Ⅱ) complexes were prepared and characterized. Magnetic moments of 5.17 and 5.90 μB respectively, indicate that the iron(Ⅱ) and manganese(Ⅱ) complexes are high spin. Charge transfer transitions (d-π*) occur for [Fe(Ⅱ)([9]$N_2SPY_2)(X)]^{n+}$at 27027, 25000, and 24390 cm-1 for X=$H_2O$, Cl-, and OH-, respectively. In acetonitrile solution, the cyclic voltammogram of the manganese(Ⅱ) complex exhibits a redox couple at 0.92 V vs. NHE while the redox potentials for [Fe(Il)([9]$N_2SPY_2)(X)]^{n+}$ are 0.70, 0.66, and 0.37 V vs. NHE for X=$H_2O$, Cl-, and OH-, respectively. The d-π* charge transfer energy and Fe(Ⅱ)/Fe(Ⅲ) redox potential for [Fe(Ⅱ)([9]$N_2SPY_2)(X)]^{n+}$ increase in the same order: $H_2O>Cl^- >OH^-$. The crystal structures of the iron(Ⅱ) and manganese(Ⅱ) complexes reveal that the metal ions are sixcoordinate, binding to four nitrogen atoms and a sulfur atom from the pentadentate ligand, as well as a chloride anion, with the chloride and sulfur atoms in cis positions. The two metals have similar coordination geometries, which are closer to trigonal prismatic than octahedral. In both iron and manganese complexes, the M-N($sp_3$) trans to Cl- is 0.07 Å longer than the one cis to Cl- , and M-N($sp^2$) trans to S is 0.05 longer than the one cis to S atom.