• 대한예방의학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한예방의학회 1994년도 교수 연수회(환경)
• /
• pp.23-56
• /
• 1994

Recent criticisms of the conduct and use of risk assessment by regulatory agencies have led to a wide range of proposed remedies, including changes in regulatory statutes and the development of new methods for assessing risk. The mandate to this Committee was more limited. Our objective was to examine whether alterations in institutional arrangements or procedures, particularly the organizational separation of risk assessment from regulatory decision-making and the use of uniform guidelines for inferring risk from available scientific information, can improve federal risk assessment activities. Before undertaking to determine whether organizational and procedural reforms could improve the performance and use of risk assessment in the federal government, the Committee examined the state of risk assessment and the regulatory environment in which it is performed. In this chapter, we define risk assessment and differentiate it from other elements in the regulatory process, analyze the types of judgments made in risk assessment, and examine its current government context. Because one chronic health hazard, cancer, was highlighted in the Committee's congressional mandate and has dominated public concern about public health risks in recent years, most of our report focuses on it. Furthermore, because activities in four agencies--the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), and the Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC)--have given rise to many of the proposals for changes in risk assessment practices, our review focuses on these four agencies. The conclusions of this report, although directed primarily at risk assessment of potential carcinogens as performed by these four agencies, may be applicable to other federal programs to reduce health risks.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
• /
• 제32권2호
• /
• pp.161-167
• /
• 2005

Recently, as standard of living has been improving and awareness of well-being has been generalized, people's desire pursuing beauty has been spreading across the world. We made a survey with 184 graduating high school girls in December 2003. According to the survey. 57.6% of them knew about plastic surgery, 41.8% of them knew well about whole field of plastic surgery, and 60.3% of them wanted to have an aesthetic surgery. 44.6% got an information about an aesthetic surgery from general public and 27.6% from TV, respectively. Regarding the use of aesthetic surgery, 59.8% answered that it makes them more confident about themselves rather than just to be beautiful. 78.8% of them have complaints about how they look. Finally, as the personal desire to make themselves look beautiful to others increases, so does the interest in aesthetic plastic surgery. In conclusion, as the society of plastic and reconstructive surgeons, we still need more effort for the correct cognition and awareness of plastic surgery among general public.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
• /
• 제42권2호
• /
• pp.67-70
• /
• 2004

A small scale survey was performed to know the infection status of intestinal parasite in children of the residential institutions and street communities in Metro Manila, Philippines. A total of 284 stool samples from 11 institutions and 3 street communities was examined by the formalin-ether concentration method. The scotch tape anal swab was adapted to 121 children to investigate the infection status of Enterovius vermicularis. It was found out that 62.0％ of the children examined were positive for one or more intestinal parasites. Multiple infections were observed in 34.2％ of the children. Among 172 children who gave detail information, the prevalence for Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, and hookworm was 36.0％, 44.8％, and 7.0％ respectively. Of the children examined, 47.7％ were found to be harboring parasitic protozoans such as Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia, and Blastocystis hominis. The most prevalent of these protozoans was B. hominis with an infection rate of 40.7％. The prevalence of these infections among children living in institutions was relatively high. More efforts should be made to implement anthelminthic programs including bi-annual follow-up treatments.

• 한국의류학회지
• /
• 제39권4호
• /
• pp.477-491
• /
• 2015

This study analyzes Chinese dresses featured in propaganda posters since the mid-$20^{th}$ century as well as explores the political characteristics of dress. This study used an in-depth interview method to investigate information from 10 Chinese familiar with public awareness and donning practices of the Chinese from 1949 to present. Interviews and analysis provided the following conclusions. First, Zhongshan-zhuang, Liening-Zhuang and Bulaji were widely worn in the Reconstruction because of the revolutionary spirit; in addition, Huayishang also became simultaneously popular as a means to reflect the new aspects of socialism. Second, Jufu/Junbianfu were the most common dresses during the period of Cultural Revolution because the government used various mechanisms to control public opinion. Third, Western fashion began to enter the Chinese market and suit wearing by the Chinese became a symbol of the Reformation and Open-door policy. Traditional dress is no longer a symbol of Feudalism and is a part of Chinese culture that has been reaccepted in the Reformation and Open-door times. Finally, during these 60 years, Chinese dress has obvious political characteristics, but began to change. The changes of political characteristics were, de-politicization expressed by the introduction of Western ready-made, permissions for traditional dress and diversification/ individualization.

• 과학기술학연구
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.37-70
• /
• 2013

기독교는 배아파괴로 인한 생명윤리문제를 들어 배아줄기세포연구에 반대하는 입장을 여러 차례 밝히고 신자들을 계도하고자 노력했으나 별다른 효과를 거두지 못했다. 이는 신자들의 태도결정에 교단의 입장 외에 다른 요인이 개입하고 있다는 것을 의미한다. 본 연구에서는 다양한 조사자료에 근거해 기독교 신자들이 배아 줄기세포에 대해 보이는 태도를 정리하고, 신자들의 태도형성에 영향을 미치는 요인을 동정하고자한다. 나아가 해당 요인들이 상호작용하는 과정, 신자들이 관련 정보를 해석하고 수용하는 과정에 보이는 특성 등을 정리하여, 배아연구에 대한 신자들의 태도결정에 종교적 요소가 미친 영향력이 제한적일 수밖에 없는 이유를 설명하고자한다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제13권3호
• /
• pp.879-883
• /
• 2012

Cervical cancer is caused by HPV infection and can be prevented by early vaccination. Objective: To assess Syrian women's level of knowledge and determinants of good knowledge of cervical cancer, HPV infection and its vaccines. Methods: A cross sectional survey was undertaken among mothers with daughters in sixth grade classes enrolled in primary schools in Aleppo city, Syria. Samples were selected through cluster sampling and data collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Results: Less than a third of the mothers had heard of HPV infection and vaccines against cervical cancer and levels of knowledge were generally low. Good knowledge was associated with high education level, higher family monthly income, having few - less than four children, positive history of cervical cancer screening, and working or having relatives working in the medical field. The main source of information was television and few reported health care providers as a source of knowledge on HPV infection and vaccine. Conclusion: Since knowledge of HPV infection and its connection with cervical cancer and its vaccine are low, more efforts must be made to educate Syrians prior to introduction of any HPV vaccination programme. Public health efforts must focus on educating mothers, the public as well as health care providers.

• Strategy21
• /
• 통권36호
• /
• pp.150-179
• /
• 2015

This thesis analyzes Somali piracy as a non-traditional threat to the Sea Lines of Communication (SLOC) and international countermeasures to the piracy. In an era of globally interdependent economies, the protection of sea lines and freedom of navigation are prerequisites for the development of states. Since the post-Cold War began in the early 1990s, ocean piracy has emerged as a significant threat to international trade. For instance, in the Malacca Strait which carries 30 percent of the world's trade volume, losses from failed shipping, insurance, plus other subsequent damages were enormous. Until the mid-2000s, navies and coast guards from Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapore, together with the International Maritime Organization (IMO), conducted anti-piracy operations in the Strait of Malacca. The combined efforts of these three maritime states, through information sharing and with reinforced assets including warships and patrol aircrafts, have successfully made a dent to lower incidents of piracy. Likewise, the United Nations' authorization of multinational forces to operate in Somali waters has pushed interdiction efforts including patrol and escort flotilla support. This along with self-reinforced security measures has successfully helped lower piracy from 75 incidents in 2012 to 15 in 2013. As illustrated, Somali piracy is a direct security threat to the international community and the SLOC which calls for global peacekeeping as a countermeasure. Reconstructing the economy and society to support public safety and stability should be the priority solution. Emphasis should be placed on restoring public peace and jurisdiction for control of piracy as a primary countermeasure.

• 한국보건간호학회지
• /
• 제20권2호
• /
• pp.195-206
• /
• 2006

Purpose: As Koryo Hand Therapy is generally referenced by a manual, we made a database system to ease. Method: Using the basic theory of Koryo Hand Therapy with the System Development Life Cycle (SDLC), we tested, analyzed, designed and implemented the system and constructed a database system with MS Access according to the symptoms. Results: We constructed the database system of Handing and the symptoms of Koryo Hand Therapy in 3 parts (Basic Data Management, Disorder Therapy Management, Report) for easy management. This database system will be useful for general users to protect, promote and measure their health. The structured database system was valued on the basis of the students basic knowledge of Koryo Hand Therapy. As a result, 80% of the respondents answered that the "system is well structured", 78% that "it's convenient to search", and 87% that "it's helpful for self health management". Conclusion: These study results provides people with information on the basic treatment of symptoms for the self health protection and promotion with Koryo Hand Therapy by constructing a database.

• 디자인학연구
• /
• 제15권2호
• /
• pp.47-58
• /
• 2002

오늘날 도시 환경을 비롯한 공공환경은 국가의 문화적 잠재력이라는 점에서 매우 중요시되고 있다. 또, 지금껏 국내의 환경 디자인이 건축, 도시계획의 관점에서만 주로 연구 되어져오고, 다양한 문화요소의 복합체로서 고찰된 측면은 아직 미비한 상황이다. 더욱이 사람과 환경간의 지대한 커뮤니케이션 역할을 담당하는 도시의 슈퍼 그래픽에 대한 연구는 미흡하여 슈퍼그래픽이 실제로 공공의 충분한 공감대를 형성하지 못하고 있다. 본 논문은 이러한 슈퍼그래픽에 대한 이해와 그 발전과정의 중요한 동기와 역할이 되는 현대미술과의 상관성을 고찰해봄으로서 슈퍼그래픽이 더욱 예술적, 정보학적, 미학적 관점의 커뮤니케이션 수단으로 활성화 될 것을 연구 목적한다. 현대미술을 모더니즘 미술과 포스트모더니즘 미술로 구분하여 슈퍼그래픽과의 상관성을 연구하였다.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
• /
• 제44권1호
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2021

As a nation experiencing rapid economic growth, South Korea and its government have made a continuous effort toward efficient research investments to achieve transformation of the Korean industry for the fourth industrial revolution. To achieve the maximum effectiveness of the research investments, it is necessary to evaluate its funding's worth and default risk. Thus, incorporating the concepts of the Black-Scholes-Merton model and the Greeks, this study develops a default-risk evaluation model in the foundation of a system dynamics methodology. By utilizing the proposed model, this study estimates the monetary worth and the default risks of research funding in the public and private sectors of Information and Communication technologies, along with the sensitivity of the R&D economic worth of research funding to changes in a given parameter. This study finds that the public sector has more potential than the private sector in terms of monetary worth and that the default risks of three types of research funding are relatively high. Through a sensitivity analysis, the results indicate that uncertainty in volatility, operation period, and a risk-free interest rate has trivial impacts on the monetary worth of research funding, while volatility has large impacts on the default risk among the uncertain factors.