• 한국ITS학회 논문지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.26-36
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• 2020

보행자도로의 서비스 수준을 판단하는 평가지표인 보행 교통류율, 점유공간, 밀도, 속도 등의 정량적 자료를 산출하는 것은 많은 시간 소요와 경제적 부담으로 작용한다. 따라서 적절한 보행자 정책 수립을 위한 대체 대안으로 보행자의 미시적 경로 파악과 이를 활용한 서비스 수준 판단기술이 요구된다. 본 연구에서는 지하철역인 역삼역을 중심으로 미시적 교통류 분석 프로그램인 VISSIM을 이용하여 네트워크를 구축하고 정산 및 검증을 통해 신뢰성을 확보하였다. 이를 통해 도로용량편람 상의 속도를 활용하여 보행자 도로의 서비스 수준을 판단해 보았다.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.67-80
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• 2005

신호교차로의 용량 및 서비스수준을 분석하는데 지체를 기본적인 평가척도로 이용하고 있다. 지금까지 연구되어진 다양한 지체모형은 비포화와 포화상태를 고려한 교통조건하에서 교차로 신혼운영전략 및 기하구조 개선에 중요한 척도로 이용되고 있다. 본 연구는 대기행렬모형, 충격파모형, 정상상태 확률적 모형, 시간종속 확률적 모형, 거시적 및 미시적 시뮬레이션 모형에 대한 지체를 비교 ${\cdot}$분석하였다. 분석결과를 보면, v/c ratio가 증가함에 딸 지체는 단조 증가형태를 띠고 있다. 비포화상태에서는 결정적모형과 확률적 모형의 지체 모두 비슷한 값으로 나타났으며, 포화상태에서는 1994 HCM모형을 제외하고는 모두 유사한 곡선의 패턴을 유지하면서 지체값은 어느정도 차이를 보이고 있다. 전통적인 대기행렬모형과 충격파모형은 이미 이론적으로 검증되었듯이 동일한 지체값이 나왔다. 정상상태 확률적 모형인 webster모형은 v/c-0.8이하에서는 2001 KHCM과 거의 동일한 값을 나타냈으며, v/c=1.0에 가까울수록 무한대로 증가하는 경향을 보이고 있다. 시간종속 확률적 모형은 결정적 포화상태모형을 점근선으로 하여 지체를 산정하기 때문에 점진적으로 단조증가 형태를 띠로 있다. 거시결정적 시뮬레이션인 TRANSYT-7F의 두 모형인 link-wise simulation과 step-wise simulation은 v/c=1.0까지는 2001 KHCM모형과 거의 동일한 값을 나타냈으며, v/c=1.0 이상에서는 step-wise simulation이 상대적으로 높게 나타났다. 미시확률적인 시뮬레이션인 NETSIM모형은 개별차량간의 상호작용과 교통량 변화에 따른 미시적인 운전자 형태를 모사하기 때문에 다른 모형에 비해 낮게 나타났다. 또한 TRANSYST-7F와 NETSIM을 비교하였을 때 지체값의 차이가 크게 나타난 것은 차량 형태 알고리즘이 다르기 때문에 이를 비교한다는 것은 큰 의미가 없을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:컴퓨팅의 실제 및 레터
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• 제15권9호
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• pp.675-684
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• 2009

인터넷 웜은 분산 서비스 거부 공격 등을 통해 트래픽 장애를 유발하므로 인터넷 인프라를 사용 불능으로 만들 수 있고, 침입 기능을 갖고 있어 중요 서버를 장악하여 개인의 정보를 유출시키는 등 치명적인 피해를 일으키고 있다. 그러나 이러한 인터넷 웜을 탐지하여 대응하는 기존의 기법은 웜의 지역화된 특징만을 이용하거나 이미 알려진 웜에만 대응 가능한 단점을 지니고 있다. 본 논문에서는 알려지지 않은 웜을 상대적으로 빠른 시점에 탐지하기 위해 웜의 거시적 행위 특성을 추출하여 탐지하는 기법을 제안 한다. 이를 위해 원의 거시적인 행위를 논리적으로 정의하고, IP 패킷 환경에서 호스트간 직접적으로 전파 되는 웜을 탐지하는 기법을 제시하며, 이 기법이 실제 적용 되었을 때 웜 확신의 억제 효과를 시뮬레이션을 통해 보인다. IP 패킷 환경은 응답 시간에 대해 민감하므로 제안된 기법이 구현되었을 때 요구하는 시간을 측정하여 제시하고, 이를 통해 상대적으로 큰 오버헤드 없이 제안된 기법이 구현될 수 있음을 보인다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제52권8호
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• pp.1626-1637
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• 2020

This work covers an important point of the benchmark released by the expert group on Uncertainty Analysis in Modeling of Light Water Reactors. This ambitious benchmark aims to determine the uncertainty in light water reactors systems and processes in all stages of calculation, with emphasis on multi-physics (coupled) and multi-scale simulations. The Gesellschaft für Anlagen und Reaktorsicherheit methodology is used to propagate the thermal-hydraulic uncertainty of macroscopic parameters through TRACE5.0p3/PARCSv3.0 coupled code. The main innovative points achieved in this work are i) a new thermal-hydraulic model is developed with a highly-accurate 3D core discretization plus an iterative process is presented to adjust the 3D bypass flow, ii) a control rod insertion occurrence -which data is obtained from a real PWR test- is used as a transient simulation, iii) two approaches are used for the propagation process: maximum response where the uncertainty and sensitivity analysis is performed for the maximum absolute response and index dependent where the uncertainty and sensitivity analysis is performed at each time step, and iv) RESTING MATLAB code is developed to automate the model generation process and, then, propagate the thermal-hydraulic uncertainty. The input uncertainty information is found in related literature or, if not found, defined based on expert judgment. This paper, first, presents the Gesellschaft für Anlagen und Reaktorsicherheit methodology to propagate the uncertainty in thermal-hydraulic macroscopic parameters and, then, shows the results when the methodology is applied to a PWR reactor.

• 한국복합재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국복합재료학회 2004년도 춘계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.67-70
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• 2004

An investigation was performed to study the impact damage of the laminated composite plates caused by a low- velocity foreign object with multi-scale modeling based on the concepts of Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS)[4]. In the micro-scale part, we discretize the composite plates through separate modeling of fiber and matrix for the local microscopic analysis. A micro-scalemodel was developed for predicting the initiation of the damage and the extent of the final damage as a function of material properties, laminate configuration and the impactor's mass, etc. Anda macro-scale model was developed for description of global dynamic behavior. The connection betweenmicroscopic and macroscopic is implemented by the tied interface constraints of LS-DYNA contact card. A transient dynamic finite element analysis was adopted for calculating the contact force history and the stresses and strains inside the composites during impact resulting from a point-nose impactor. The low-velocity impact events such as contact force, deformation, etc. are simulated in the macroscopic sense and the impact damages, fiber-breakage, matrix cracking and delamination etc. are examined in the microscopic sense.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제54권8호
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• pp.2989-2998
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• 2022

Line contact structures, such as the contact between graphite brick and graphite tenon, widely exist in high-temperature gas-cooled reactors. Due to the stress concentration effect, the line contact area is one of the dangerous positions prone to failure in the nuclear reactor core. In this paper, the failure mechanism of line contact structures composed of IG11 nuclear graphite column and brick were investigated by means of experiment and finite element simulation. It was found that the failure process mainly includes three stages: firstly, the damage accumulation in nuclear graphite material led to the characteristic yielding of the line contact structure, but no macroscopic failure can be observed at this stage; secondly, the stresses near the contact area met Mohr failure criterion, and a crack initiated and propagated laterally in the contact zone, that is, local macroscopic failure occurred at this stage; finally, a second crack initiated in the contact area and developed in to a Y-shape, resulting in the final failure of the structure. This study lays a foundation for the structural design and safety assessment of high-temperature gas-cooled reactors.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제56권3호
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• pp.933-940
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• 2024

A macroscopic cross section generation model was developed for the conceptual horizontal, compact high temperature gas reactor (HC-HTGR). Because there are many sources of spectral effects in the design and analysis of the core, conventional LWR methods have limitations for accurate simulation of the HC-HTGR using a neutron diffusion core neutronics simulator. Several super-cell model configurations were investigated to consider the spectral effect of neighboring cells. A new history variable was introduced for the existing library format to more accurately account for the history effect from neighboring nodes and reactivity control drums. The macroscopic cross section library was validated through comparison with cross sections generated using full core Monte Carlo models and single cell cross section for both 3D core steady-state problems and 2D and 3D depletion problems. Core calculations were then performed with the AGREE HTR neutronics and thermal-fluid core simulator using super-cell cross sections. With the new history variable, the super-cell cross sections were in good agreement with the full core cross sections even for problems with significant spectrum change during fuel shuffling and depletion.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.471-484
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• 2018

Refined analysis depicting mass transportation and physicochemical reaction and reasonable computing load with acceptable DOFs are the two major challenges of numerical simulation for concrete durability. Mesoscopic numerical simulation for chloride diffusion considering binder, aggregate and interfacial transition zone is unable to be expended to the full structure due to huge number of DOFs. In this paper, a multiscale approach of combining both mesoscopic model including full-graded aggregate and equivalent macroscopic model was introduced. An equivalent conversion of chloride content at the Interfacial Transition Layer (ITL) connecting both models was considered. Feasibility and relative error were discussed by analytical deduction and numerical simulation. Case study clearly showed that larger analysis model in multiscale model expanded the diffusion space of chloride ion and decreased chloride content in front of rebar. Difference for single-scale simulation and multiscale approach was observed. Finally, this paper addressed some worth-noting conclusions about the chloride distribution and rebar corrosion regarding the configuration of rebar placement, rebar diameter, concrete cover and exposure period.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.191-201
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• 2008

단속류의 교통시설 운영개선(TSM, Trasportation Systems Management)의 타당성 및 개선효과 분석을 위해 TRANSYT-7F(T7F)와 NETSIM이 많이 사용되고 있으나, T7F는 현실적인 차량군의 압축 분산효과가 미흡하고, NETSIM은 구축시간이 과다하게 소요되고, 용량설정의 어려움 등의 문제를 가지고 있다. 이에 반해, 충격파 모형은 T7F에 비해 차량군의 압축 분산을 더욱 사실적으로 묘사할 수 있으며, NETSIM에 비해서는 분석시간 단축, 적용용이성 등의 장점을 가지고 있어 우수하다. 하지만, 수리적 계산의 어려움으로 인해 비현실적인 교통류관계식(Q-K곡선) 적용, 단순한 차량군 적용 등의 문제점을 지니고 있다. 이러한 충격파이론을 이용한 기존 분석모형의 문제점을 해소하기 위해보다 현실적인 교통류관계식 적용, 새로운 차량군모형 개발, 연장충격파 개념 도입 등 새로운 분석모형을 개발하였으며, 개발모형의 유효성 검증을 위해 다양한 시나리오를 구성하여 T7F와 NETSIM과 비교 평가한 결과 우수한 성능을 보였다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.585-595
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• 2018

Amitriptyline, a tricyclic antidepressant, is commonly used to treat depression and neuropathic pain, but its mechanism is still unclear. We tested the effect of amitriptyline on 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 ($5-HT_3$) receptor currents and studied its blocking mechanism because the clinical applications of amitriptyline overlapped with $5-HT_3$ receptor therapeutic potentials. Using a whole-cell voltage clamp method, we recorded the currents of the $5-HT_3$ receptor when 5-HT was applied alone or co-applied with amitriptyline in cultured NCB-20 neuroblastoma cells known to express $5-HT_3$ receptors. To elucidate the mechanism of amitriptyline, we simulated the $5-HT_3$ receptor currents using Berkeley $Madonna^{(R)}$ software and calculated the rate constants of the agonist binding and receptor transition steps. The $5-HT_3$ receptor currents were inhibited by amitriptyline in a concentration-dependent, voltage-independent manner, and a competitive mode. Amitriptyline accelerated the desensitization of the $5-HT_3$ receptor. When amitriptyline was applied before 5-HT treatment, the currents rose slowly until the end of 5-HT treatment. When amitriptyline was co-applied with 5-HT, currents rose and decayed rapidly. Peak current amplitudes were decreased in both applications. All macroscopic currents recorded in whole cell voltage clamping experiments were reproduced by simulation and the changes of rate constants by amitriptyline were correlated with macroscopic current recording data. These results suggest that amitriptyline blocks the $5-HT_3$ receptor by close and open state blocking mechanisms, in a competitive manner. We could expand an understanding of pharmacological mechanisms of amitriptyline related to the modulation of a $5-HT_3$ receptor, a potential target of neurologic and psychiatric diseases through this study.