• 보건행정학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.156-177
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• 1999

The current method of rate adjustment for inflation is based on the evaluation of the financial performance of hospitals. The method has the disadvantage such as too complicated, expensive process as well as low reliability. This study, therefore, develops the 'Korean Medical Insurance Economic Index(MIEI)' as a new model for the rate adjustment with the use of the macro economic indices. In addition, we calculate the 1992∼1998 rate adjustment with the MIEI, and examines the validity of the MIEI by comparing with the conventional method. Medical costs are classified into nine categories : physician salaries, nurse·pharmacist·medical technician salaries, assistants & others salaries, material cost(by imports), material cost(by domestics), depreciation & rent paid(by imports), depreciation & rent paid(by domestics), power utilities, other administrative costs. Then the category weight which is the ratio of category in the total cost is calculated. Macro economic indices are selected for each cost category in order to reflect the concept of the each cost category and inflation during the year of 1992∼1998. Finally MIEI which integrate all category according to the category weight and selected macro indices is calculated. The mean of hospital MIEI which weighting by amount paid by insurers was cacluated. The result from the application of empirical data to the MIEI model is very similar to that of the current method. Furthermore, this method is very simple and also easy to get social consensus. This MIEI model can be replaced the current method based on the analysis of the financial performance for the adjustment of medical fees.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SD
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2007

MTJ (Magnetic Tunneling Junction) 소자는 불 (Boolean) 연산을 수행할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라, 자신의 출력 정보를 저장하는 비휘발성 소자이다. 기존의 트랜지스터로 구성된 논리 연산자를 MTJ 소자로 대체함으로써, 조합논리 회로와 순차논리 회로로 구성된 디지털 논리 회로를 자기논리 (magneto-logic) 회로로 대체 가능하다. 또한 자기논리 회로는 비휘발성 논리 소자를 사용함으로써, 회로 면적 면에서 우수하고 전원이 꺼져도 정보를 유지할 수 있는 장점을 가지고 있다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 자기논리 회로의 예로 3비트 업/다운 카운터를 설계하였고 그 동작을 이전 논문에서 제안된 바 있는 macro-model을 보완 적용하여 검증하였다.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.189-203
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• 1992

본고(本稿)에서는 화폐(貨幣)보다 더 우월(優越)한 가치저장기능(價値貯藏機能)을 가진 실물자산(實物資産)이 존재함에도 불구하고 화폐가 존재해 온 현상이 화폐경제(貨幣經濟)의 특징이라고 파악하였다. Wallace(1980)의 중복세대모형(重複世代模型)이 이러한 화폐경제의 특징을 설명하지 못하는 이유는 화폐존재의 근본원인인 "상품교환욕구(商品交換欲求)의 상호불일치(相互不一致)"가 모형(模型)에 내재(內在)되어 있지 않기 때문이다. 본고(本稿)에서 제시한 중복유형모형(重複類型模型)에서는 이질적(異質的) 선호(選好)를 가진 소비자가 이질적(異質的) 재화(財貨)를 가지고 이질적(異質的) 장소(場所)에 태어나기 때문에 불확실성(不確實性), 거래비용(去來費用), 정보부족(情報不足) 등이 배제되었음에도 불구하고, 가치저장기능이 다른 실물자산(實物資産)보다 열위(劣位)한 화폐가 순수교환기능(純粹交換機能)을 수행하면서 존재하게 된다. 중복유형모형(重複類型模型)에서의 화폐경제는 비화폐경제(非貨幣經濟)보다 항상 우월한 자원배분(資源配分)을 하지만, 그렇다고 해서 "파레토"최적성(最適性)을 보장해 주지는 않는다. 화폐는 경제구조(經濟構造)가 불완전하기 때문에 존재하며, 따라서 경제구조(經濟構造)의 불완전성(不完全性)을 일부(一部)는 극복하게 해주지만 전부(全部)를 항상 극복하게 하지는 않기 때문이다. 본고(本稿)에서는 이러한 중복유형모형(重複類型模型)의 최적성(最適性) 특성(特性)이 향후 화폐경제의 제반문제(諸般問題)를 연구하는 데 중요한 의미를 가진다고 주장하였다.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전력기술부문A
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• 제48권10호
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• pp.1317-1326
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• 1999

As the integration ratio and operation speed increase, it has become an important problem to estimate the dissipated power during the design procedure as a method to reduce the TTM(time to market). This paper proposed a prediction model to estimate the maximum dissipated power of a CMOS logic gate. This model uses a calculational method. It was formed by including the characteristics of MOSFETs of which a CMOS gate consists, the operational characteristics of the gate, and the characteristics of the input signals. As the modeling process, a maximum power estimation model for CMOS inverter was formed first, and then a conversion model to convert a multiple input CMOS gate into a corresponding CMOS inverter was proposed. Finally, the power model for inverter was applied to the converted result so that the model could be applied to a general CMOS gate. For experiment, several CMOS gates were designed in layout level by $0.6{\mu}m$ layout design rule. The result by comparing the calculated results with those from HSPICE simulations for the gates showed that the gate conversion model has within 5% of the relative error rate to the SPICE and the maximum power estimation model has within 10% of the relative error rate. Thus, the proposed models have sufficient accuracies. Also in calculation time, the proposed models was more than 30 times faster than SPICE simulation. Consequently, it can be said that the proposed model could be used efficiently to estimate the maximum dissipated power of a CMOS logic gate during the design procedure.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.458-465
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• 2020

본 연구의 목적은 제주지역 거시경제 전망모형을 이용하여 제주지역 사회의 중요한 정책에 대한 효과분석을 수행하는 것이다. 이를 위해, 본 연구에서는 기존의 Ko, et al.(2012) 모형을 본 연구의 목적에 맞게 확대·개편하였다. 연구의 주요 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 정책효과 분석을 위해, 2017년까지의 관련 통계자료와 데이터베이스를 갱신·점검하고, 새로운 대내외 정책변수들과 모듈(module)을 확대·추가함으로써 모형의 현실 설명력을 향상시켰다. 그리고 제주경제의 산업구조 변화에 따라 모형에서 설정된 산업구조를 보다 세분화시켰으며, 특히 케인즈 이론의 수요측면까지 모형에서 동시에 고려할 수 있도록 모형의 구조를 확장시켰다. 둘째, 모형의 평가에서는 구(舊)모형에 비해 본 연구의 모형에 대한 예측력이 우수한 것으로 평가되었다. 다만, 일부 내생변수에서 향후 지속적인 자료의 보완을 통해 보다 개선된 모형 개발의 시사점을 얻을 수 있었다. 셋째, 제2공항 건설에 따른 정책효과 분석결과, GRDP 1.25배, 고용 1.2배, 민간소비 1.48배, 투자 2.06배 증대되는 효과를 보이는 것으로 분석되었다. 그리고 경제성장률은 제2공항을 건설할 경우가 그렇지 않을 때보다 연평균 1.6%p 높은 것으로 분석되었다. 마지막으로 본 연구의 결과는 제주특별자치도의 정책의 사결정에 있어 직·간접적으로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.699-712
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• 2017

This study evaluates the effectiveness of a newly developed retrofitting scheme for masonry-infilled non-ductile RC frames experimentally and by numerical simulation. The technique focuses on modifying the load path and yield mechanism of the infilled frame to enhance the ductility. A vertical gap between the column and the infill panel was strategically introduced so that no shear force is directly transferred to the column. Steel brackets and small vertical steel members were then provided to transfer the interactive forces between the RC frame and the masonry panel. Wire meshes and high-strength mortar were provided in areas with high stress concentration and in the panel to further reduce damage. Cyclic load tests on a large-scale specimen of a single-bay, single-story, masonry-infilled RC frame were carried out. Based on those tests, the retrofitting scheme provided significant improvement, especially in terms of ductility enhancement. All retrofitted specimens clearly exhibited much better performances than those stipulated in building standards for masonry-infilled structures. A macro-scale computer model based on a diagonal-strut concept was also developed for predicting the global behavior of the retrofitted masonry-infilled frames. This proposed model was effectively used to evaluate the global responses of the test specimens with acceptable accuracy, especially in terms of strength, stiffness and damage condition.

• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산구조공학회 2006년도 정기 학술대회 논문집
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• pp.421-426
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• 2006

To examine the behaviors of traditional wooden structural frame in Korea in direction of beam, an experimental study was performed. The interior frame of Daewoongjeon of Bongjeongsa was selected as a model, which has two short exterior columns and one high inside column. The experimental frame has 1/2 scale and lateral forces are applied at high inside column by using drift control. The vertical gravity loads are applied on the frame. From the results of experiment it was shown that the stiffness and lateral capacity of the frame was increased when vertical loads are applied and the force-drift relationship in positive load direction was not same as in negative load direction. And push-over analysis are performed by using macro model in which the rotational and shear springs which were derived from the another experiments of subassemblies were used. The numerical analysis with macro model showed a good correspondence with the experiment within 2% story drift.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.171-192
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• 2010

In general, a stock index and its individual stocks are assumed to follow a random walk. A stock index is an important source of information and one that is seen by people everyday, regardless of their investment intentions. This paper examines the correlation between the KOSPI-the index that best reflects the Korean stock market and the macro - economic variables that have been found to influence the index by previous studies. The sample period considers the years after 2000 when the Korean stock market matured as restrictions on foreign investors were removed. For this purpose, a Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) and KOSPI equation with a general pacific approach were used. This paper aims at verifying the factors that determined the KOSPI after 2000 and at examining whether there was structural change in the investment environment. It also investigates changes in the factors determining the KOSPI's performance as a result of structural changes in the investment environment. The V AR (Vector Autoregressive) model including the nine variables was selected as a baseline model whose stability was tested using the unit root test. The results from the VECM and the structural changes in the investment environment can be summarized by the following Inner story points.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제59권2호
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• pp.291-312
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• 2016

Seismic performance evaluation of shear wall is essential as it is the major lateral load resisting member of a structure. The ultimate load and ultimate drift of the shear wall are the two most important parameters which need to be assessed experimentally and verified analytically. This paper comprises the results of monotonic tests, quasi-static cyclic tests and shake-table tests carried out on a midrise shear wall. The shear wall considered for the study is 1:5 scaled model of the shear wall of the internal structure of a reactor building. The analytical simulation of these tests is carried out using micro and macro modeling of the shear wall. This paper mainly consists of modification in the hysteretic macro model, developed for RC structural walls by Lestuzzi and Badoux in 2003. This modification is made by considering the stiffness degradation effect observed from the tests carried out and this modified model is then used for nonlinear dynamic analysis of the shear wall. The outcome of the paper gives the variation of the capacity, the failure patterns and the performance levels of the shear walls in all three types of tests. The change in the stiffness and the damping of the wall due to increased damage and cracking when subjected to seismic excitation is also highlighted in the paper.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.225-251
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• 2015

This paper presents a state-of-the-art review of the nonlinear modelling techniques available today for describing the structural behaviour of masonry infills and their interaction with frame structures subjected to in-plane loads. Following brief overviews on the behaviour of masonry-infilled frames and on the results of salient experimental tests, three modelling approaches are discussed in more detail: the micro, the meso and the macro approaches. The first model considers each of the infilled frame elements as separate: brick units, mortar, concrete and steel reinforcement; while the second approach treats the masonry infill as a continuum. The paper focuses on the third approach, which combines frame elements for the beams and columns with one or more equivalent struts for the infill panel. Due to its relative simplicity and computational speed, the macro model technique is more widely used today, though not all proposed models capture the main effects of the frame-infill interaction.