• 한국재료학회지
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• 제23권7호
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• pp.353-358
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• 2013

To improve coating ability and the life of the coating, Ti based composite materials with hydroxyapatite(HA) should be developed. The raw materials of Ti-26wt%, Nb-1wt%, and Si with 10wt% HA were mixed for 24 h by a mixing machine and milled for 1 h to 6 h by planetary mechanical ball milling. Ti-26%Nb-1%Si-(10%HA) composites, composed of nontoxic elements, were fabricated successfully by spark plasma sintering(SPS) at $1000^{\circ}C$ under 70MPa. The relative density of the sintered Ti-Nb-Si-HA composites using the 24 h mixed powder, and the 6 h milled powder, was 91% and 97 %, respectively. The effects of HA contents and milling time on microstructure and mechanical properties were investigated by SEM and hardness tester, respectively. The Vickers hardness of the composites increased with increasing milling time and higher HA content. The Young's modulus of the sintered Ti-26%Nb-1%Si-10%HA composite using the 6 h-milled powder was 55.6 GPa, as obtained by compression test. Corrosion resistance of the Ti-26wt%Nb-1wt%Si composite was increased by milling and by the addition of 10wt%HA. Wear resistance was improved with increasing milling time. Biocompatibility of the Ti-Nb-Si alloys was improved by the addition of HA.

• 한국생산제조학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.400-406
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• 2015

This study researched the structure of the source of an ion milling machine used to fabricate a scanning electron microscope (SEM) sample. An ion source is used to mill out samples of over 1 mm dimension using a broad ion beam to generate plasma between the anode and cathode using a permanent magnet. To mill the sample in the vacuum chamber, the ion source should be greater than 6 kV for a positive ion current over $200{\mu}A$. To discover the optimum operating conditions for the ion miller, the diameter of the extractor, anode shape, and strength of the permanent magnet were varied in the experiments. A silicon wafer was used as the sample. The sputter yield was measured on the milled surface, which was analyzed using the SEM. The wafer was milled by injecting 1 sccm of argon gas into the 0.5 mTorr vacuum chamber.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.284-291
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• 2018

Ball-milling for reactant powders in advance and using an induction heating system for Ni-Al intermetallic coating process are known to enhance the reactivity of combustion synthesis. In this work, the effects of the charging weight ratio of ball to powder in ball-milling for reactant Ni-Al powders and the synthesizing temperature in induction heating on sliding wear behavior of the coating layers are investigated. Sliding wear behavior of the coating layers is examined against a tool steel using a pin-on-disc type sliding wear machine. As results, wear of the coating layer ball-milled without ball was severely worn out at the sliding speed of 2m/s, regardless of the synthesizing temperature in induction heating. However, the wear rate of the coating layers at the sliding speed was remarkably decreased with increasing the charging weight ratio of ball in ball-milling for reactant powders. This can be explained by the fact that the void in the coating layer is disappeared and the coating layer is densified by the ball-milling. The evidence showed that pitting damages were disappeared on the worn surface of ball-milled coating layer. Consequentially, the Ni-Al intermetallic coating layer could have better wear resistance at all sliding speed ranges with the ball-milling for reactant powders in advance.

• 한국농업기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농업기계학회 1993년도 Proceedings of International Conference for Agricultural Machinery and Process Engineering
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• pp.966-978
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• 1993

A power operated 90.5 hp electric motor) grain flour separator was designed and developed for separation of grain (wheat, corn, chickpea and soybean) flour into various fractions based on the size of the particles of the product. The separator agitating mechanism, feed control, cylindrical separator unit and an eccentric mechanism. The machine was tested for wheat ( variety ; Sujata) flour separation into four fractions, viz ; semolina, Gr-I and II, flour (coarse) and white (fine) flour. Wheat samples (6.8% m.c., db) were first pearled by CIAE pearler for 15.8% bran removal . The pearled wheat grains were then milled for semolina by a burre mill. The product and machine characteristics were determined at different capacities varying from 24 kg/h to 143 kg/h. It was found that 76 kg/h capacity gave reasonably best results in terms of purity and recovery of semolina vis-a-vis the market product. The energy requirement of the machine at no-load was found to be 230 W and at load c nditions, it varied between 36.3-6.4 KJ per kg of fead seperation. The macine could be used by small flour millers small/medium size traders and retailers and other processors for making available various flour products of different particle size in the market for ready use of the consumers.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.306-313
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• 2005

Statement of problem. There have been many studies about marginal discrepancy of single restorations made by various systems and materials. But most of statistical inferences are not definite because of sample size, measurement number, measuring , instruments, etc. And there have been few studies about the marginal fit of Computer-aided Cercon crowns. Purpose. The purpose of this study was to compare the marginal fit of the anterior single restorations made using computer-aided milled Cercon crowns with metal-ceramic restorations and to obtain more accurate information by using a large enough sample size and by making sufficient measurements per specimen. Material and methods. The in vitro marginal discrepancies of computer-aided milled Cercon crowns and control groups (metal ceramic crowns) were evaluated and compared. The crowns were made from one extracted maxillary central incisor prepared by milling machine. 30 crowns per each system were fabricated. Measurements of a crown were recorded at 50 points that were randomly selected for marginal gap evaluation. Parametric statistical analysis was performed for the results. Results. The means and standard deviations of the marginal fit were 85$\pm$22$\mu$m for the control group and 91$\pm$15$\mu$m for the Cercon crowns. The t-test of the marginal discrepancies between Cercon crowns and metal-ceramic crowns were performed. Significant differences were not found between groups (P=0.230>.05). Based on the criterion of 120$\mu$m as the limit of clinical acceptability, the mean marginal fits of Cercon crowns and metal-ceramic crowns were acceptable. Conclusion. Within the limitations of this in vitro study, the following conclusions were drawn: 1. Mean gap dimensions and standard deviations at the marginal opening for maxillary incisal crowns were 85$\pm$22$\mu$m for the control (metal-ceramic crowns), 91$\pm$15$\mu$m for Cercon crowns. 2. The Cercon crowns showed slightly larger marginal gap discrepancy than the control but marginal gap between Computer-aided milled Cercon crowns and metal ceramic crowns did not showed significant difference (P>.05). 3. The Cercon crowns and metal ceramic crowns showed clinically acceptable marginal discrepancy.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.152-157
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• 2004

연삭식 정미기를 이용하여 도정한 쌀의 도정 정도에 따른 수력함량은 12.81∼13.15%로서 연삭 횟수가 증가할수록 약간 증가하는 경향이었으며, 조단백질 및 조지방 함량은 각각 7.81∼8.50% 및 1.07∼l.93%로서 도정 정도가 클수록 감소하였으나 백미보다는 높았고, 조지방의 주요 지방산은 palmitic acid(22.06∼25.76%, peak area %), oleic acid(34.04∼35.62%) 및 linoleic acid(39.58∼42.22%)로 확인되었다. 백도는 현미와 백미의 중간 정도이었으며, 쌀눈 부착률은 연삭 4회 및 연마 1회 시료의 경우에도 39.33%에 이르러 백미(4.00%)보다 매우 높은 비율을 나타냈으며, 천립중은 현미와 유의적 차이(p<0.05)가 없었다. 주사전자현미경 관찰 결과 연삭 4회 및 연마 1회 시료는 표면의 매끄러움이 백미와 비슷한 반면 쌀눈이 일부 부착되어 있었다. 취반 후 관능평가 한 결과 연삭,3회, 연삭 4회, 연삭 4회 및 연마 1회 시료는 백미와 유의적 차이가 없거나(맛) 약간 낮은 선호도(색깔, 냄새, 조직감, 전체적 기호도)를 나타냈으나 현미보다 월등히 높은 선호도를 나타내어 영양가 있는 쌀로서 이용되기에 좋은 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제49권6호
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• pp.662-668
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• 2016

No-tillage dry-seeding of rice can offer potential benefits by reducing time and labor cost compared with conventional tillage practices. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of no-tillage dry-seeding on rice growth and soil hardness in comparison with other rice cultivation methods, machine transplanting and wet-hill-seeding on puddled paddy. The seedling stand fell within optimum range for both no-till dry-seeding and wet-hill-seeding on puddled paddy. Plant height, number of tillers and SPAD values in no-tillage dry-seeding cultivation were higher than those observed in other methods. There were no significant differences in grain yield of rice among three cultivation methods. The quality characteristics of milled rice grown in no-tillage dry-seeding were similar to those grown in other cultivation methods. Soil hardness in top 10 cm depth was significantly higher in no-tillage dry-seeding than other cultivation methods, while soil hardness below 10 cm depth was highest in machine transplanting cultivation. Results indicate that no-tillage dry-seeding practice is comparable to conventional tillage system in terms of seedling establishment, growth, yield and grain quality.

• 한국공작기계학회논문집
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.62-66
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• 2004

A study for investigating the effects of the cutting conditions(feed rate, radial depth of cut, cutting speed) and the tool diameter on the circumferential geometry of the cyl indrically end-mi1led workpiece is described. In this work, the circumferential geometry is characterized by the roundness error. Experimental results show that the circumferential geometry is directly affected by the material removal per tooth,which is defined as a function of the cutting speed, the feed rate and the radial depth of cut. And, the radial depth of cut is revealed to be the most critical condition among them. It is also found that the roundness error decreases when the tool diameter is larger under the same cutting conditions.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.50-55
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• 2004

Because of the development in mold industries, the geometrical form accuracy of the milled surface is getting more and more important. It has been known that the geometrical form accuracy is affected by machine conditions, cutting conditions, tool conditions and tool path and so on. Among them, the tool approaching path causes the change in material removal per tooth at the end of each machining cycle. And, this change generates the geometrical form error around the region where the tool engages the workpiece initially. So, it is impossible to eliminate the geometrical error caused by the tool approaching path. Thus, characteristics of this geometrical error are studied analytically and experimentally to minimize this region.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 1994년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.98-102
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• 1994

There are many difficulties in automatic polishing for die & mold surfaces. Even though the process has been studied in the past 15 years, it has not been achieved yet, but by the process of actual hand work of well-skilled workers. A new magentic assisted polishing process, which is one of the potential method for automation of surface finishing has been studied in the past 10 years by colleagues. The process has many merits, but on the other hand also has demerits, one being low efficiency of gridability by comparision with grinding wheel polish. Therefore, some attempts were tried to improve the grindability by adopting electropolishing, ultra-high speed milling, 5-axis controlled machine etc... most recently by collegues. This study also aims to improve the efficiency of polishing by introducing the easily-polished shape surface milling method equalizing the tool feed per tooth to the pick feed. This milling method was experimentally confirmed to have sufficient grindability to polish milled surface (with 10 .mu. mRmax surface roughness) into mirror surface (with 0.4 .mu. mRmax surface roughness).