• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.141-151
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• 1990

Raf protein kinases and protein kinase C belong to serine/threonine-specific proteins in the cytoplasin, and are similar to each other in functional structure and the aspect of the distribution of celI. The distribution of raf protein kinase in the cerebrum of Geoclemys reevesfi as studied by using the antibodies against a-raf and c-raf protein kinase which induce the expression of raf fainily oncogenes. In general, raf protein kinases were distributed in such restricted regions as the general pallium, hippocampal formation, pdmordiuin hippocampi,nucleus of lateral olfactory tract, basal amygdaloid nucleus, and bed of stria terminalis. Immunological labeling of c-raf protein kinase was more widespread than that of a-raf. However, the intensity of the labeling of c-raf was lower than that of a-raf. The spherical cells of basal amygdaloid nucleus is a ring-like form, because only the cytoplasm was imunolabeled. Especially, c-raf protein kinase occurred in the cells which contained protein kinase C abundandy such as pyramidal cells and Purkinje cells. This suggests that a- and e-raf protein kinases may synegistically induce carclnoma with myc gene which is activated by protein kinase C.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.268-275
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• 1999

Rhodopseudomonas sp. was immobilized in three supports(agar, k-carrageenan, and PVA) in order to remove nitrate in wastewater coming from fish farm. Among them 3% agar was the most suitable support when denitrification rate and bead durability were tested. Optimum bead size was 4mm-diameter when the substrate transfer into the bead and shear stress for bead were considered, and optimum cell loading was 25mg dry $cells/cm^2$gel gel. Ethanol was the best as a carbon source, and optimum C:N ratio, temperature and pH were 1.5:1, $31^{\circ}C$,, and 6, respectively. Under these conditions the maximum denitrification rate in synthetic wastewater was $$345{\MU}{\ell};N_2/Cm^3 gel{\cdot}hr;and that in modified MYC medium was 450{\MU}{\ell}};N_2/Cm^3 gel{\cdot}hr $$.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.91-98
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• 2014

Primary gastric lymphoma (PGL) is derived from mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) and it differs from nodal lymphoma in histologic features and biologic behavior. Recent studies have showed that Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori ) infection is closely related to the development of low grade gastric lymphoma, and eradication of the infection induces regression of the tumor. H. pylori infection is known to be important to the development of gastric MALT lymphoma. The aim of this study was to elucidate the histopathological behavior of PGL according to the concept of MALT and to compare the predictive value of tests frequently used for diagnosis of H. pylori. The histological features of gastric lymphoma arising from MALT are the replacement of glands by uniform dense infiltration of centrocyte-like cells in the lamina propria and lymphoidepithelial lesion. H. pylori-associated histologic changes of neutrophilic infiltration, lymphoid follicle or aggregates formation and intestinal metaplasia, and H. pylori immunoreactivity were analyzed. Detection of H. pylori in chronic active gastritis and peptic ulcer suggests a possible role of H. pylori in the pathogenesis. Giemsa, Toluidine blue and Long H&E stains were used in H. pylori detection. Histopathological examination of gastric biopsy specimens revealed lymphoepithelial lesions pathognomonic of MALT lymphoma, and immunohistochemical staining for CD20 was diffusely positive. CD3 was positive in reactive T cells. PAX-5 was negative except the follicle. Bcl-2, cytokeratin, Ki-67, and c-myc were positive. The findings may indicate a predictable transition of low grade to high grade, and c-myc may be used as a valuable marker before molecular pathology diagnosis.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.27 no.7
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• pp.683-692
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• 2004

Curcumin (diferuloylmethane) is a major naturally-occurring polyphenol of Curcuma species, which is commonly used as a yellow coloring and flavoring agent in foods. Curcumin has shown anti-carcinogenic activity in animal models. Curcumin possesses anti-inflammatory activity and is a potent inhibitor of reactive oxygen-generating enzymes such as lipoxygenase/cyclooxygenase, xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase and inducible nitric oxide synthase; and an effective inducer of heme oxygenase-1. Curcumin is also a potent inhibitor of protein kinase C(PKC), EGF(Epidermal growth factor)-receptor tyrosine kinase and LĸB kinase. Subsequently, curcumin inhibits the activation of NF(nucleor factor)KB and the expressions of oncogenes including c-jun, c-fos, c-myc, NIK, MAPKs, ERK, ELK, PI3K, Akt, CDKs and iNOS. It is proposed that curcumin may suppress tumor promotion through blocking signal transduction path-ways in the target cells. The oxidant tumor promoter TPA activates PKC by reacting with zinc thiolates present within the regulatory domain, while the oxidized form of cancer chemopreventive agent such as curcumin can inactivate PKC by oxidizing the vicinal thiols present within the catalytic domain. Recent studies indicated that proteasome-mediated degradation of cell proteins playa pivotal role in the regulation of several basic cellular processes including differentiation, proliferation, cell cycling, and apoptosis. It has been demonstrated that curcumin-induced apoptosis is mediated through the impairment of ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Curcumin was first biotransformed to dihydrocurcumin and tetrahydrocurcumin and that these compounds subsequently were converted to monoglucuronide conjugates. These results suggest that curcumin-glucuronide, dihydrocurcumin-glucuronide, tetrahydrocurcumin-glucuronide and tetrahydrocurcumin are the major metabolites of curcumin in mice, rats and humans.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.31 no.11
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• pp.1559-1567
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• 2021

The root bark of Morus alba L. has cytotoxic activity against several types of cancer cells. However, little is known about its chemopreventive mechanisms and bioactive metabolites. In this study, we showed that M. alba L. root bark extracts (MRBE) suppressed β-catenin response transcription (CRT), which is aberrantly activated in various cancers, by promoting the degradation of β-catenin. In addition, MRBE repressed the expression of the β-catenin/T-cell factor (TCF)-dependent genes, c-myc and cyclin D1, thus inhibiting the proliferation of RPMI-8226 multiple myeloma (MM) cells. MRBE induced apoptosis in MM cells, as evidenced by the increase in the population of annexin VFITC-positive cells and caspase-3/7 activity. We identified ursolic acid in MRBE through LC/mass spectrum (MS) and observed that it also decreased intracellular β-catenin, c-myc, and cyclin D1 levels. Furthermore, it suppressed the proliferation of RPMI-8226 cells by stimulating cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. These findings suggest that MRBE and its active ingredient, ursolic acid, exert antiproliferative activity by promoting the degradation of β-catenin and may have significant chemopreventive potential against MM.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.365-377
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• 2022

Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a serine-threonine kinase member of the cellular phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway, which is involved in multiple biological functions by transcriptional and translational control. mTOR is a downstream mediator in the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and plays a critical role in cell survival. In cancer, this pathway can be activated by membrane receptors, including the HER (or ErbB) family of growth factor receptors, the insulin-like growth factor receptor, and the estrogen receptor. In the present work, we congregated an electronic network of mTORC1 built on an assembly of data using natural language processing, consisting of 470 edges (activations/interactions and/or inhibitions) and 206 nodes representing genes/proteins, using the Cytoscape 3.6.0 editor and its plugins for analysis. The experimental design included the extraction of gene expression data related to five distinct types of cancers, namely, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, hepatic cirrhosis, cervical cancer, glioblastoma, and anaplastic thyroid cancer from Gene Expression Omnibus (NCBI GEO) followed by pre-processing and normalization of the data using R & Bioconductor. ExprEssence plugin was used for network condensation to identify differentially expressed genes across the gene expression samples. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis was performed to find out the over-represented GO terms in the network. In addition, pathway enrichment and functional module analysis of the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network were also conducted. Our results indicated NOTCH1, NOTCH3, FLCN, SOD1, SOD2, NF1, and TLR4 as upregulated proteins in different cancer types highlighting their role in cancer progression. The MCODE analysis identified gene clusters for each cancer type with MYC, PCNA, PARP1, IDH1, FGF10, PTEN, and CCND1 as hub genes with high connectivity. MYC for cervical cancer, IDH1 for hepatic cirrhosis, MGMT for glioblastoma and CCND1 for anaplastic thyroid cancer were identified as genes with prognostic importance using survival analysis.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.398-409
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• 2023

LncRNAs play crucial roles in the progression of colon adenocarcinoma (COAD), but the role of LINC01232 in COAD has not received much attention. The present study was designed to explore the related mechanisms of LINC01232 in the progression of COAD. LINC01232, miR-181a-5p, p53, c-myc, Bcl-2, cyclin D1, p16, Bax, VEGF, E-cadherin, vimentin, N-cadherin and SDAD1 expressions were determined by western blot and qRT-PCR. CCK-8, tubule formation, and Transwell assays were employed to detect proliferation, angiogenesis, and migration/invasion of COAD cells, respectively. The relationship between LINC01232 and miR-181a-5p was predicted by LncBase Predicted v.2, and then verified through dual luciferase reporter gene assay. According to the results, LINC01232 was highly expressed in COAD cells and enhanced proliferation, angiogenesis, migration, and invasion of COAD cells. Downregulated LINC01232 promoted expression of p53 and p16, and inhibited c-myc, Bcl-2 and cyclin D1 expressions in COAD cells, while upregulation of LINC01232 generated the opposite effects. LINC01232 was negatively correlated with miR-181a-5p while downregulated miR181a-5p could reverse the effects of siLINC01232 on cell proliferation, angiogenesis, migration, and invasion. Similarly, miR-181a-5p mimic could also offset the effect of LINC01232 overexpression. SiLINC01232 increased the expressions of Bax and E-cadherin, and decreased the expressions of VEGF, vimentin, N-cadherin and SDAD1, which were partially attenuated by miR-181a-5p inhibitor. Collectively, LINC01232 enhances the proliferation, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis of COAD cells by decreasing miR-181a-5p expression.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.33 no.11
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• pp.868-875
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• 2023

Kinesin-1 is a motor protein identified as the first member of the kinesin superfamily (KIF), which plays a role in intracellular cargo transport by acting as microtubule-dependent motor proteins within cells. Kinesin-1 consists of two heavy chains (KHCs, also known as KIF5s) and two light chains (KLCs). The 93 amino acids in the carboxyl (C)-terminal tail region of KIF5A are not homologous to the C-terminal tail region of KIF5B or the C-terminal tail region of KIF5C. In this study, we used a yeast two-hybrid screen to identify the binding proteins that interacted with the C-terminal region of KIF5A. We found an association between KIF5A and CUE domain containing 2 (CUEDC2), which is proposed to function as an adaptor protein involved in ubiquitination pathways and protein trafficking. CUEDC2 bound to the C-terminal region of KIF5A and did not interact with KIF5B (the motor of kinesin-1), KIF3A (the motor of kinesin-2), or kinesin light chain 1 (KLC1). KIF5A specifically bound to the C-terminal region of CUEDC2. Furthermore, KIF5A did not interact with another isoform: CUEDC1. In addition, glutathione S-transferase (GST) pull-downs showed that KIF5A directly bound GST-CUEDC2 but did not interact with GST-CUEDC1 and GST alone. When myc-KIF5A and EGFP-CUEDC2 were co-expressed in HEK-293T cells, CUEDC2 co-immunoprecipitated with kinesin-1, and myc-KIF5A and FLAG-CUEDC2 colocalized in the cells. These results suggest that in intracellular cargo transport by kinesin-1, CUEDC2 serves as an adaptor protein connecting kinesin-1 and cargo by binding to KIF5A.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.529-537
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• 1992

To investigate the effect of ursolic acid on the expression of oncogenes in tumor cells of mice, sarcoma 180 ascites tumor cells were implanted into the left groin of ICR mice and the tumor bearing mice were treated with ursolic acid. The expression of oncogenes were measured by in situ hybridization method. Ursolic acid significantly reduced the expression of oncogenes in the tumor cells. Therefore, it can be said that the prestated anticarcinogenic effect of ursolic acid could be partly ascribed to the mechanism included in the oncogene´s transcription level.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.195-209
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• 2009

This study analyzed aspects of multiple intelligences related to rhythm, melody, understanding and representation of traditional Korean music. Subjects were 60 4-to 6-years-old children. Instruments were the Children's Korean Traditional Music (KTM) Ability Test (Park 2006)and Korean Multiple Intelligence Development Assessment Scale-My Young Child (MIDAS-MYC, Shearer, 1996). Data were analyzed by correlations and t-test. Findings were that (1) average scores on KTM rhythm and understandings were higher than melody and representation. (2) Traditional rhythm ability correlated most with linguistic intelligence. (3) Multiple intelligences by representation ability for KTM differed significantly in Linguistic intelligence and relationships to Naturalist, Musical, Logical-mathematical, Interpersonal, and Bodily-Kinesthetic intelligences.