• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.570-575
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• 2022

고 주파수 기반의 광대역 통신기술을 활용하는 선박중심 직접통신(MX-S2X)은 디지털 통신 연계기술 개발 및 실증을 통한 육상·선박·시설의 유기적 연결을 제공함으로써, 향후 도래할 자율운항선박 및 유·무인선 혼재 운항 상황에서 해상 통신 인프라로서의 효과적 활용이 가능하다. 본 논문은 해상 다중경로 페이딩 극복 가능한 선박중심 직접통신(MX-S2X) 시스템의 물리계층 설계 및 M&S(modelling &Simulation) 기반 성능 분석의 후속으로 설계 내역의 최적화 및 상세설계를 확정하고, 이를 하드웨어로 구현하여 성능을 검증 하였다. 구현한 하드웨어 성능 분석을 위해 시험환경을 구성하여 PER 성능을 측정한 결과, M&S 대비 AWGN 환경에서는 0.2dB, 해상 다중 경로 페이딩 환경에서는 1.2dB의 성능 열화를 확인하였으며, 이러한 수준의 성능 열화는 케이블 손실, 시험 오차 등에 의한 것으로 구현한 물리계층 하드웨어가 적정한 성능 수준을 보임을 확인하였다.

• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.122-134
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• 2010

본 연구의 목적은 다양한 생물종의 Protox 유전자 과다발현 제초제 저항성 형질전환 벼의 저항성 수준과 생육저해 원인이 생육시기별 tetrapyrrole 중간물질 축적과 대사 경로 물질, 활성산소 발생, 지질과산화 작용 및 항산화 효소 능력과 관련성이 있는지를 조사하는데 있다. Myxococcus xanthus(MX, MX1, PX), Arabidopsis thaliana(AP31, AP36, AP37) 및 인간(H45, H48, H49) Protox 과다발현 형질전환벼는 비형질전환벼에 비해 oxyfluorfen에 각각 43~65, 41~72 및 17~70배 저항성을 보였다. 다양한 생물종의 Protox 유전자 과다발현 제초제 저항성 형질전환 벼 중에 일부 라인은 다른 광조건하에서 정상적인 생육을 보인 반면에 일부 라인은 초장 및 생체중 감소가 야기되었다. 그러나 일관성 있게 파종 후 7일과 14일에 초장의 감소가 야기 되었던 형질전환 라인은 AP37뿐이었다. 또한 이들 형질전환 벼 라인들은 저광 및 암조건보다 고광조건하에서 초장 및 생체중 감소가 뚜렷하였다. 파종 후 7일째 Proto IX 축적은 AP31, AP37 및 H48에서 비형질전환벼에 비해 유의적으로 많았고, 파종 후 14일째에는 PX, AP37 및 H48에서 유의적으로 많았다. 파종 후 7일째 Mg-Proto IX은 일부 라인(H41과 H48)을 제외하고 그리고 Mg-Proto IX monomethyl ester는 MX, MX1, PX를 제외한 형질전환 라인 간에 차이가 없었다. 비록 terapyrrole 중간물질이 축적 되었더라도 이들 축적량은 Protox 과다발현 형질전환벼의 생육을 저해 하는데 충분하지 않았을 것으로 생각된다. 또한 활성산소종 ($H_2O_2$와 ${O_2}^{{\cdot}_-}$), MDA, ALA 합성 및 엽록소 함량에서도 형질전환 라인간에 유의적인 차이가 인정되지 않아 tetrapyrrole 축적량이 형질전환 벼의 생육저해에 충분하지 못했음을 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서 일부 형질전환벼에서 초기 생육저해는 어떤 단일 요인에 기인되는 것보다 복합적인 요인에 의해 기인되는 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.139-146
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• 2003

We have investigated the biological effects of recombinant IL-1$\beta$ (rIL-1$\beta$) on the expression of antiviral genes such as Myxovirus-3 (MX-3) and Interferon regulating factor-1 (IRF-1), which are related to type I interferon. When ten micrograms of rIL-1$\beta$ were treated, we observed the stimulatory effect on the expression of these antiviral genes. Interestingly, at the early stage of stimulation, these genes were down-regulated and then up-regulated by the results obtained that the expressions of these genes were decreased at day 1 post-injection and gradually increased at day 3 post-injection. Thus, the stimulatory effect of rIL-1$\beta$ on the expression of MX-3 and IRF-3 gene might be an indirect stimulatory effect because significant up-regulation was delayed until day 3 post-injection.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.21-28
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• 2012

Campus facilities were recently remodeled to provide the substantial learning rights of handicapped students in many campus to embody the dignity and value as man. So this study aims to identify the exterior connection facilities for handicapped students of S and D campuses. The summaries of this research are as follows. Installations of even crossing area(1.5mx1.5m) per 50m and even rest area(1.5mx1.5m) per 30m in walking or access ramp. Improving in accordance with exterior connection facility repairing master plan in S campus. Bringing down an angle degrees of the inclined walking or access ramp in D campus. Installation of exterior braille guide sign for blind students. All handicapped students must be guaranteed the same learning rights as normal men to remove obstacles as the upper mentioned imperfections in using exterior campus facilities.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.635-641
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• 1995

The effects of A-site substitution with alkaline-earth ions (Ca, Sr and Ba) on the perovskite-phase formation and dielectric properties for Pb1-xMx(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3 (0.0 x 0.5)-based relaxors were studied. Considerable improvements in the sinterability and the extent fo perovskite formation were observed with increasing the A-site substitution (x) and sintering temperature. The maximum dielectric permittivity appeared at x=0.1 for Sr and Ba substitutiion, while the relative dielectric permittivity was almost invariant in the case of Ca ion substitution. Curie temperature decreased with increasing relative amount of Sr and Ba ions but was almost invariant in case of Ca ion substitution. With increasing the amount of x, the diffuseness parameter ($\delta$) increased but the maximum dielectric constant decreased, demonstrating an enhanced diffuse phase transition (DPT) in the presence of alkaline-earth cations.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.53-60
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• 2001

건설관련 설계기술자들에게는 첨단 복합재료구조에 대한 이론이 너무 어려워서 간단하면서도 쉽게 적용할 수 있는 정확한 방법을 필요로 하고 있다. 몇 가지 섬유 배향각을 가진 적층판은 층수가 증가하면 D16, B16, D26 및 B26 강성이 감소하게 되어 특별직교이방성 판처럼 거동함을 밝히고, 간단한 공식들을 개발하여 발표한 바 있다. 대부분의 교량이나 건물의 상판은 형상비가 큰 경우가 많은데, 이런 구조물의 평형방정시에 대한 종방향 모멘트항(Mx)의 영향은 매우 작아서, 더욱 간단한 해석이 가능하다. 본 논문에는 이러한 문제들에 대한 연구 결과를 제시하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.397-403
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• 2001

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the postoperative stability of LeFort I osteotomy in two-jaw surgery of skeletal class III malocclusion and to help the establishment of treatment planning in patients with a skeletal class III malocclusion in the future. Materials and Methods: The lateral cephalograms of 14 patients who had been underwent two-jaw surgery via one-piece LeFort I osteotomy were traced and the landmarks were identified. Repeated tracings and construction of reference planes were done. Comparisons were made from the immediate postoperative to late postoperative results of each landmarks on the horizontal and vertical directions. Conclusions: 1. The horizontal changes of landmark ANS, point A, PNS and Mx6Rt between immediate postoperative to late postoperative data were statistically insignificant(p>0.05). 2. The vertical changes of landmark ANS, point A, PNS, Mx6Cr and Mx6Rt between immediate postoperative to late postoperative data were statistically insignificant(p>0.05). 3. The horizontal change of landmark Mx6Cr between immediate postoperative to late postoperative data was statistically significant(p<0.05). 4. Results showed that it was stable that one-piece LeFort I osteotomy in two-jaw surgery of skeletal class III malocclusion.

• 한국진공학회지
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• 제4권S2호
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• pp.148-155
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• 1995

(1) The metastable crystalline(MX) phases formed by ion mixing are classified into 5 types, i.e. the super-saturated solid solutions and the enlarged HCP-I phases reported earlier, and the newly observed FCC-I phases in hcp-based alloys, The FCC-ll and HCP-ll phases in bcc-based alloys. The growth kinetics of the MX phases is discussed. (2) The interfacial free energy in the multilayered films was found to play an important role in ion beam mixing(IM) induced amorphization. By adding sufficient interfaces, amorphous alloys were obtained even in the systems with rather positive heat of formation. (3) Gibbs free energy diagrams of some representative systems were constructed, by calculating the free energy curves of all the competing phases. Steady-state thermal annealing was conducted and the results confirmed the relevance of the constructed diagrams, which were inturn employed to interpret the MX phase formation as well as the glass forming ability upon IM in the binary metal systems.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.287-292
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• 2005

In the present study, immune gene expression of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, against bacterial endotoxin (LPS) was studied in vivo. The expression of prointflammatory cytokine genes (IL-1$\beta$ and TNF-$\alpha$) and IFN-related genes (IRF-I, Mx-3) at gill was assessed by RT-PCR at different time point of day1 and day 3 post-injection. It was shown that the proinflammatory cytokine gene expression at gill was induced 1 day after LPS injection but the expression was not sustained until day 3. Meanwhile upregulated expression of IFN-related genes was found to be only at day 3 post injection, indicating indirect effect of LPS on these genes.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.13.1-13.11
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• 2023

Background: Highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) is an extremely contagious and high mortality rates in chickens resulting in substantial economic impact on the poultry sector. Therefore, it is necessary to elucidate the pathogenic mechanism of HPAIV for infection control. Objective: Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) can effectively avoid the limitations of subjective screening for differential gene expression. Therefore, we performed GSEA to compare HPAI-infected resistant and susceptible Ri chicken lines. Methods: The Ri chickens Mx(A)/BF2(B21) were chosen as resistant, and the chickens Mx(G)/BF2(B13) were selected as susceptible by genotyping the Mx and BF2 genes. The tracheal tissues of HPAIV H5N1 infected chickens were collected for RNA sequencing followed by GSEA analysis to define gene subsets to elucidate the sequencing results. Results: We identified four differentially expressed pathways, which were immune-related pathways with a total of 78 genes. The expression levels of cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12), chemokines (CCL4 and CCL5), type interferons and their receptors (IFN-β, IFNAR1, IFNAR2, and IFNGR1), Jak-STAT signaling pathway genes (STAT1, STAT2, and JAK1), MHC class I and II and their co-stimulatory molecules (CD80, CD86, CD40, DMB2, BLB2, and B2M), and interferon stimulated genes (EIF2AK2 and EIF2AK1) in resistant chickens were higher than those in susceptible chickens. Conclusions: Resistant Ri chickens exhibit a stronger antiviral response to HPAIV H5N1 compared with susceptible chickens. Our findings provide insights into the immune responses of genetically disparate chickens against HPAIV.