• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.28.2-28.2
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• 2010

We have investigated seven Extreme-Ultraviolet (EUV) bright points in the active region (AR 10926) on 2006 December 2 by the EUV imaging spectrometer (EIS) onboard Hinode spacecraft. We determined their Doppler velocities and non-thermal velocities from 15 EUV spectral lines (log T=4.7-7.2) by fitting each line profile to a Gaussian function. We present the Doppler velocity map as a function of temperature which corresponds to a different height. As a result, these active region bright points show two different types of characteristics. Type 1 bright point shows a systematic increase of Doppler velocity from -68 km/s (blue shift) at log T=4.7 to 27 km/s (red shift) at log T=6.7, while type 2 bright points have Doppler velocities in the range of -20 km/s and 20 km/s. Using MDI magnetograms, we found that only type 1 bright point was associated with the canceling magnetic feature at the rate of $2.4{\times}10^{18}$ Mx/hour. When assuming that these bright points are caused by magnetic reconnection and the Doppler shift indicates reconnection out flow, the pattern of the Doppler shift implies that type 1 bright point should be related to low atmosphere magnetic reconnection. We also determined electron densities from line ratio as well as temperatures from emission measure loci using CHIANTI atomic database. The electron densities of all bright points are comparable to typical values of active regions (log Ne=9.9-10.4). For the temperature analysis, the emission loci plots indicate that these bright points should not be isothermal though background is isothermal. The DEM analysis also show that while the background has a single peak distribution (isothermal), the EUV bright points, double peak distributions.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.203-203
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• 2002

Cytomegalovirus (CMV), a beta-herpesvirus with worldwide distribution, exhibits host persistence, a distinguishing characteristic of all herpesviruses. This persistence is dependent upon restricted gene expression in infected cells as well as the ability of productively infected cells to escape from normal cell-mediated anti-viral immunosurveillance. Type I (IFN-α/β) and type II (IFN-γ) interferons are major components of the innate defense system against viral infection. They are potent inducers of MHC class I and II antigens and of antigen processing proteins. Additionally, IFNS mediate direct antiviral effects through induction effector molecules that block viral infection and replications such as 2′, 5-oligoadenylate synthetase (2, 5-OAS). IFNS function through activation of well-defined signal transduction pathways that involve phosphorylation of constituent proteins and ultimate formation of active transcription factors. Recent studies have shown that a number of diverse viruses, including CMV, EBV, HPV mumps and Ebola, are capable of inhibiting IFN-mediated signal transduction through a variety of mechanisms. As an example, CMV infection inhibits the ability of infected cells Is transcribe HLA class I and II antigens as well as the antiviral effector molecules 2, 5-OAS and MxA I. EMSA studies have shown that IFN-α and IFN-γ are unable to induce complete signal transduction in the presence of CMV infection, phenomena that are associated with specific decreases in JAKl and p48. Viral inhibition of IFN signal transduction represents a new mechanistic paradigm for increased viral survival, a paradigm predicting widespread consequences in the case of signal transduction factors common to multiple cytokine pathways.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.15-23
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was done to establish reference data for temporo-spatial, kinematic and kinetic parameters for normal Koreans as they age. Methods: Normal adults and children without a previous history of musculoskeletal problems were enrolled in this study. The normal subjects were divided by age into three groups: Group I: children ($11.95{\pm}0.29$ years); Group II: young adults ($23.90{\pm}3.67$ years); Group III: older adults ($71.40{\pm}4.08$ years). The temporo-spatial and kinematic data were measured using 6 MX3 cameras while each subject walked through a 10 m walkway at a self-selected speed. The kinetic data were measured using 2 force plates and were calculated by inverse dynamics. Results: Motion patterns are typically associated with a specific phase of the gait cycle. Our results were as follows: 1. There were significant differences between the different age groups in temporo-spatial parameters such as cadence, double support, time of foot off, stride length, step length, and walking speed. 2. There were significant differences between the groups in kinematic parameters such as range of motion (ROM) of the hip, knee and ankle in the sagittal plane, ROM of the pelvis, hip and knee in the coronal plane and ROM of the pelvis, hip and ankle in the transverse plane. 3. There were significant differences between the groups in kinetic parameters such as joint moments of force, joint mechanical power generation or absorption and ground reaction forces. Conclusion: The results of this study can be utilized (a) as a reference for kinematic and kinetic data of gait analysis in normal Koreans, and (b) as an aide in evaluating and treating patients who have problems relating to gait.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.519-528
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• 2009

The effects of taping on the use of such measures for prevention have already been comprehensively described in the literature. However, few studies have analyzed ground reaction forces and postural stability with functional ankle instability subject during dynamic activities with ankle taping The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of ankle taping on ground reaction force and postural stability during jump landing. Fourteen players who has ankle instability were participated in this study. we used vicon and force platform. The application of taping who has ankle instability decreased DF and inversion angular velocity and peak vertical ground reaction force during landing. It also improved A-P cop, M-L cop in stability. The findings of this study support the use of taping as part of injury prevention for subject with functional ankle instability in clinical setting.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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• 2018.06a
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• pp.111-111
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• 2018

ASTM A387-Gr.91 강은 우수한 고온 강도, 크리이프 저항성 그리고 내산화성 등으로 인해 화력 및 바이오매스 발전 시설과 같은 고온 설비의 구조재료로 널리 사용되고 있다. 고온 환경에서 높은 강도는 탄화물과 탄질화물에 의한 석출강화가 주 요인으로 작용한다. 열처리 과정에서 Mo, Cr, Mn, 그리고 Fe는 구-오스테나이트 및 마르텐사이트 라스 입계에 $M_{23}C_6$ 탄화물로 석출되며, V, Nb, 및 N은 조직 내부에 미세한 MX 탄질화물로 석출된다. 따라서 합금의 고온 강도는 조직 내 석출물의 개수밀도와 크기에 크게 의존한다. 그러나 적용 환경의 특성 상 고온 노출에 따른 2차상 석출 및 조대화의 조직열화 현상이 발생하며, 이는 재료의 강도를 저하시킨다. 본 연구에서는 ASTM A387-Gr.91 강의 미세조직 열화에 따른 강도저하 및 파괴 양상을 고찰하는데 그 목적을 두었다. 본 연구에서 사용된 ASTM A387-Gr.91 강의 화학성분(wt, %)은 0.1 C, 0.38 Si, 0.46 Mn, 0.25 Ni, 8.38 Cr, 0.93 Mo, 0.18 V, 0.09 Nb, 그리고 나머지는 Fe 이다. 조직열화 및 기계적 강도저하 특성을 평가하기 위한 등온열화는 $650^{\circ}C$의 대기 환경에서 최대 1000시간동안 실시하였다. 열화된 시험편의 미세조직 및 탄화물에 대한 분석은 SEM과 EDS를 이용하여 실시하였다. 그리고 기계적 강도 평가는 인장실험과 비커스 경도시험을 통해 실시하였다. 또한 열화 시간에 따른 파단양상의 변화를 관찰하기 위해 인장시험편의 파단면을 SEM과 EDS를 이용하여 분석하였다. 그 결과, 열화에 따른 마르텐사이트 라스의 소실, 탄화물의 조대화, 그리고 2차상 석출의 조직 열화현상이 나타났다. 또한 기계적 강도는 조직 열화에 따라 저하되는 경향을 나타냈다.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.539-547
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• 1997

This study was carried out to identify how soybean seed protein concentration is influenced by climatic factors. Twelve lines selected for seed protein concentration were studied in 13 environments of North Carolina. Sensitivity of seed protein concentration, total seed protein, and seed yield to climatic variables was investigated using a linear regression model. Best response models were determined using two stepwise selection methods, Maximum R-square and Stepwise Selection. There were wide climatic effects in seed protein concentration, total protein and seed yield. The highest protein concentration environment was characterized by the most high temperature days(HTD) and the smallest variance of average daily temperature range (VADTRg), while the lowest protein concentration environment was distinguished by the fewest HTD and the largest VADTRg. For protein concentration, all lines responded positively to average maximum daily temperature(MxDT), HTD, and average daily temperature range(ADTRg) and negatively to ADRa, while they responded positively or negatively to average daily temperature(ADT), variance of average minimum daily temperature (VMnDT), and VADTRg, indicating that genotypes may greatly differ in degrees of sensitivity to each climatic variable. Eleven lines seemed to have best response models with 2 or 3 variables. Exceptionally, NC106 did not show a significant sensitivity to any climatic variable and thus did not have a best response model. This indicates that it may be considered phenotypically more stable. For total seed protein and seed yield, all the lines responded negatively to both ADTRg and VADRa, suggesting that synthesis of seed components may increase with less daily temperature range and less variation in daily rainfall.

• Electrical & Electronic Materials
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• v.11 no.11
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• pp.9-17
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• 1998

The dependence of the ionic conductivity on the B-site ion substitution in (Li0.5La0.5)Ti1-xMxO3 (M=Sn, Zr, Mn, Ge) system has been studied. Same valence state and various electronic configuration and ionic radius of Sn4+, Zr4+, Mn4+ and Ge4+(4d10(0.69$\AA$), 4p6(0.72$\AA$), 3d10(0.54$\AA$) and 3d3(0.54$\AA$), respectively) induced the various crystallographic variaton with substitutions. So it was possibleto investigate the crystallographic factor which influence the ionic conduction by observing the dependence of the conductivity on the crystallographic factor which influence the ionic conduction by observing the dependence of the conductivity on the crystallographic variations. We found that the conductivity increased with decreasing the radii of B-site ions or vice versa and octahedron distortion disturb the ion conduction. The reason for this reciprocal proportion of conductivity on the radius of B-site ions has been examined on the base of the interatomic bond strength change due to the cation substitutions. The results were good in agreement with the experimental results. Therefore it could be concluded that the interatomic bond strength change due to the cation substitutions may be the one of major factors influencing the lithium ion conductivity in perovskite(Li0.5La0.5) TiO3system.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.168-176
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• 2014

Objective: The aim of this randomized controlled clinical trial was to compare oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of patients treated with conventional, active self-ligating (ASL), and passive self-ligating (PSL) brackets in different therapeutic phases. Methods: Sixty patients (mean age 18.3 years; 29 males and 31 females) requiring orthodontic treatment were randomly and equally assigned to receive conventional (Victory Series), ASL (In-Ovation R), or PSL (Damon 3MX) brackets. OHRQoL was measured with a self-administered modified 16-item Malaysian version of the Oral Health Impact Profile for immediate (soon after the visit) and late (just before the subsequent visit) assessments of the bonding and activation phases. Data were analyzed with the Kruskal-Wallis and chi-square tests. Results: The PSL and ASL groups showed more immediate and late impacts in the bonding phase, respectively; the conventional group was affected in both the assessments. The first activation phase had similar impacts in the groups. After the second activation, the conventional group showed more immediate impacts, whereas the PSL and ASL groups had more late impacts. The commonly affected domains were "physical disability," "functional limitation," "physical pain," and "psychological discomfort." No significant differences in the prevalence and severity of immediate and late impacts on OHRQoL of the patients were noted in any therapeutic phase. Conclusions: No bracket system seems to ensure superior OHRQoL. This information could be useful for explaining the therapeutic phases, especially the initial one, and selecting the optimal bracket system based on the patient's preference.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.106-110
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• 2015

We have studied electronic and magnetic structure of 2 kinds of diiron molecules using OpenMX method based on density functional method. The calculated density of states of diiron-2 is similar with that of diiron-4 because of equal number of 6 ligand atoms. The calculated total energy with antiferromagnetic spin configuration is lower than those of ferromagnetic configurations for both of them. The exchange interaction J of diiiron-4 between $Fe^{+3}$ atoms is one order larger than that of diiron-2, and the calculated J matches well with the experimental one. That comes from the short distance of Fe-O and the high O 2p energy levels. It derives a strong super exchange interaction. The angle of diiron-4 between Fe atoms is bigger than that of diiron-2. It also derives a strong super exchange interaction because of the ${\sigma}$-bond between Fe and O atoms.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.12 no.11
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• pp.451-459
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• 2014

This study was to performed to get the reference data of the kinetic parameters for normal subjects according to the arm swing type. Forty-five normal subjects($22.62{\pm}2.69years$) pariticpated in this study and preformed 4 sequence according to the arm swing type as follows; first procedure-normal arm swing, second procedure-one arm swing, thrid procedure-no arm swing, fourth procedure-fitness arm swing. There were significant differences according to the arm swing type in the kinetic parameters such as walking speed, hip power, ground reaction force of vertical in terminal stance phase(p<.05). These finding can be utilized (a) as a reference for kinetic data of gait analysis in normal subjects, and (b) as an aide in evaluating and treating patients who have problems relating to gait.