• 한국음향학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.585-591
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• 2002

다층 신경망 (MLP: multilayer perceptron)은 기존의 패턴인식 방법에 비해 몇 가지 이점을 제공하지만 학습에 비교적 많은 시간을 요구한다. 이 점은 화자증명 시스템의 인식방법으로서 다층 신경망을 사용할 경우 등록시간이 길어지는 문제를 발생시킨다. 본 논문에서는 기존의 시스템에서 채택한 화자군집 방법을 응용하여 다층 신경망 학습에 필요한 배경화자 수를 줄임으로써 화자등록 시간을 단축하는 방법을 제안하고, 지속음을 인식단위로 하는 다층 신경망 화자증명 시스템에 이 방법을 적용한 실험결과를 통해 그 효과를 확인한다.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.102-108
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• 2005

We have developed highly stabilized (p-i-n)-type protocrystalline silicon (pc-Si:H) multilayer solar cells. To achieve a high conversion efficiency, we applied a double-layer p-type amorphous silicon-carbon alloy $(p-a-Si_{1-x}C_x:H)$ structure to the pc-Si:H multilayer solar cells. The less pronounced initial short wavelength quantum efficiency variation as a function of bias voltage proves that the double $(p-a-Si_{1-x}C_x:H)$ layer structure successfully reduces recombination at the p/i interface. It was found that a natural hydrogen treatment involving an etch of the defective undiluted p-a-SiC:H window layer before the hydrogen-diluted p-a-SiC:H buffer layer deposition and an improvement of the order in the window layer. Thus, we achieved a highly stabilized efficiency of $9.0\%$ without any back reflector.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2013년도 제44회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.339-339
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• 2013

We study on the optical and electrical properties of indium-free ZTO(ZnSnO)/Ag/ZTO (ZAZ) multilayer electrodes for the low-cost transparent electrode. In the first step, each single layer was deposited using rf magnetron in-line sputter with various working pressure based on $O_2$/$Ar+O_2$ ratio (0~3%) and power at room temperature. Secondly, we studied the optical and electrical properties by analyzing the refractive index, extinction coefficient, transmittance and resistivity of each layer. Finally, we optimized the thickness of each layer using macleod simulation program based on the analyzed optical properties and fabricated the multilayer electrode. As a result, We achieved a low sheet resistance of $11{\Omega}$/sq and anaverage transmittance of 80% in the visible region of light (380~780 nm). This indicates that indium-free ZAZ multilayer electrode is a promising low-cost and low-temperature processing electrode scheme.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2013년도 제44회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.367-367
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• 2013

Commercial applications of indium tin oxide (ITO) can be separated into two useful areas. As it is perceived to bear electrical properties and optical transparency at once, its chance to apply to promising fields, usually for an optical device, gets greater in the passing time. ITO is one of the transparent conducting oxides (TCO), and required to carry the relative resistance less than $10^{-3}{\Omega}$/cm and transmittances over 80 % in the visible wavelength of light. Because ITO has considerable refractive index, there exist applications for anti-reflection coatings. Anti-reflection properties require gradual change in refractive index from films to air. Such changes are obtained from film density or nano-clustered fractional void. Glancing angle deposition (GLAD) method is a well known process for adjusting nanostructure of the films. From its shadowing effects, GLAD helps to deposit well-controlled porous films effectively. In this study, we are comparing the reference sample to samples coated with controlled ITO multilayer accumulated by an e-beam evaporation system. At first, the single ITO layer samples are prepared to decide refractive index with ellipsometry. Afterwards, ITO multilayer samples are fabricated and fitted by multilayer ellipsometric model based on single layer data. The structural properties were measured by using atomic force microscopy (AFM), and by scanning X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements. The ellipsometry was used to determine refractive indices and extinction coefficient. The optical transmittance of the film was investigated by using an ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometer.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제13권11호
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• pp.5546-5559
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• 2019

Facial action units (AUs) have recently drawn increased attention because they can be used to recognize facial expressions. A variety of methods have been designed for frontal-view AU detection, but few have been able to handle multi-view face images. In this paper we propose a method for multi-view facial AU detection using a fused multilayer, multi-task, and multi-label deep learning network. The network can complete two tasks: AU detection and facial view detection. AU detection is a multi-label problem and facial view detection is a single-label problem. A residual network and multilayer fusion are applied to obtain more representative features. Our method is effective and performs well. The F1 score on FERA 2017 is 13.1% higher than the baseline. The facial view recognition accuracy is 0.991. This shows that our multi-task, multi-label model could achieve good performance on the two tasks.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.159-166
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• 2009

이 논문에서는 다층퍼셉트론(MLP:Multilayer Perceptron)에서 입력에 잡음이 섞인 경우 출력노드의 확률밀도 함수를 유도하고, 이의 적분으로 잡음에 의하여 패턴이 오인식될 확률을 유도하였다. 그리고, 이를 향상시키는 선형적 방법을 제안하였다. 즉, 독립성분분석(ICA: independent component analysis)과 주성분분석(PCA: principle component analysis)를 적용하여, 이들이 지닌 잡음 처리 효과를 SNR(Signal-to-Noise Ratio) 관점에서 분석하였다. 그리고 이들이 잡음을 처리한 후 MLP에 입력 시 나타나는 잡음 강건성을 필기체 숫자 인식의 시뮬레이션으로 확인하였다.

• 한국정보처리학회논문지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.390-398
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• 1996

본 논문에서는 다층 신경회로망의 일반화 특성을 이용한 새로운 영상 압축 알 고리즘을 제안한다. 제안 알고리즘은 벡터 양자화방식을 이용하여 영상을 몇 개의 클래스로 분류하고 이들을 다층 신경회로망으로 학습한다. 이렇게 학습된 다층신경회 로망은 일반화 특성에 의하여 무 학습의 영상에 대해서도 압축과 복원을 수행 한다. 아울러 벡터 양자화방식에 있어서 벡터 양자화 오차와 수신측에서의 메모리를 감소시 킨다. 본 논문에서는 Lena 영상을 학습 영상으로 하여 이를 16개의 클래스로 나누고 각 클래스를 1개의 다층 신경회로망으로 학습하였다. 그리고 학습에 사용된 Lean 영상 및 무 학습 영상들에 대하여 압축과 복원을 수행하여 우수한 화질의 영상이 복원 되어 짐이 보인다.

• Advances in nano research
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.57-67
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• 2014

This article shows the coarsening behavior of nanoparticle multilayers during heat treatments which produce larger metallic nanostructures with varying shapes and sizes on glass slides. Nanoparticle multilayer films are initially constructed via the layer-by-layer self-assembly of small and monodispersed gold and/or palladium nanoparticles with different compositions (gold only, palladium only, or both gold and palladium) and assembly orders (compounding layers of gold layers over palladium layers or vice versa). Upon heating the slides at $600^{\circ}C$, the surface nanoparticles undergo coalescence becoming larger nanostructured metallic films. UV-Vis results show a clear reliance of the layering sequence on the optical properties of these metal films, which demonstrates an importance of the outmost (top) layers in each nanoparticle multilayer films. Topographic surface features show that the heat treatments of nanoparticle multilayer films result in the nucleation of nanoparticles and the formation of metallic cluster structures. The results confirm that different composition and layering sequence of nanoparticle multilayer films clearly affect the coalescence behavior of nanoparticles during heat treatments.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.78-83
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• 2005

본 논문에서는 적층 Inter-digital 공진기를 이용한 LTCC 대역통과 여파기의 등가회로를 제안하고, 2.4 GHz 대역의 여파기 설계에 적용하였다. 본 논문의 LTCC 적층 칩 대역통과 여파기는 평면상에서는 Comb-line 구조이고 단면상에서는 Inter-digital 구조로 구성된다. Comb-line 구조와 Inter-digital 구조의 평행 결합선로의 등가회로를 본 논문의 여파기에 적용하여 여파기 전체의 등가회로를 구성하였다. 이 등가회로는 공진기 사이의 결합 구조가 다중의 결합 구조를 갖는다. 이를 하나의 결합 구조로 통합하여 인버터를 이용한 대역통과 여파기의 설계방법을 적용하였다. 2.4 GHz 대역에서 3단의 대역통과 여파기를 설계, 제작하였다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2003년도 하계학술대회 논문집 Vol.4 No.2
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• pp.1018-1021
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• 2003

We have synthesized poly(3-hexylthiophene) and studied the optical properties of P3HT for applying to the red emitting materials of organic electroluminescent device. Usually, an organic EL device is composed of single layer like anode/emitting layer/cathode, but additional layer such as hole transport, electron transport and buffer layer is deposited to improve device efficiency. In this study, Multilayer EL devices were fabricated using tris(8-hydroxyquinolinate) aluminum($Alq_3$) as electron transport material, (N,N'-diphenyl-N,,N'(3-methylphenyl)-1,1'-biphenyl-4,4'diamine))(TPD) as hole transport/electron blocking materials and LiF as buffer layer. That is, a device structure of ITO/blending layer(TPD+P3HT)/$Alq_3$/LiF/Al was employed. In the Multilayer device, the luminance of $10{\mu}W/cm^2$ obtained at 10V. And, we present the experimental evidence of the enhancement of the Foster energy transfer interaction in emitting layer.