• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.125-130
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• 2001

A putative protein encoded by Arabidopsis AtMTN3 gene, a homologue of Medicago truncatula MTN3, consists of 285 amino acid residues, and has a predicted molecular mass of 31.5 kDa and a calculated pI of 9.1. Primary amino acid sequence analyses have revealed that the protein contains seven putative transmembrane regions with N-terminus oriented to the outside of the membrane. The AtMTN3 protein shows overall 16.4% of amino acid identity with the rat GALR3 protein, known to be a G-protein-coupled receptor. The gene is present as a single copy in the Arabidopsis genome, and expressed in aerial parts but not in roots of Arabidopsis. Therefore, AtMTN3 appears not to be specifically involved in Rhizobium-induced nodule development, as was predicted for the MTN3 gene. These proteins possibly mediate signal transmission through G-protein-coupled pathways during general interactions between plants and symbiotic or pathogenic microbes.

• 분석과학
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.75-81
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• 2017

5-methylthioninhydrin (5-MTN) is an amino acid sensitive reagent used for the development of latent fingermarks deposited on porous surfaces such as paper and wood. The present study demonstrates that the 5-MTN can be used as a latent footwear impression enhancement reagent, by reacting with trace multivalent metal ions, which are the main components of the latent footwear impression. 5-MTN and L-alanine complex (MTN-ALA) used for the latent footwear impression development was prepared, by mixing $4.5{\times}10^{-3}M$ 5-MTN (in methanol) and $4.5{\times}10^{-3}M$ L-alanine (in methanol) in 1:1 ratio, and keeping undisturbed at room temperature for 24 h. The latent footwear impressions were deposited on white and black non-porous surfaces (glass plate, polyethylene panel, polypropylene panel, acryl panel, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) panel, poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) panel, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) panel, tile), and a semi-porous surfaces (painted wood). The latent footwear impressions on these surfaces were treated with MTN-ALA complex by spraying. The fluorescence of footwear impressions (occurred due to the reaction between MTN-ALA and metal complexes) was observed under a 505 nm forensic light source and an orange barrier filter. The enhancement of latent footwear impression was achieved from black surfaces without any blurring. However, the fluorescence (enhancement) of footwear impression was not observed on the white PVC, PMMA, and ABS surfaces, because the incident light interfered and reflected on the surface. The sensitivity of MTN-ALA was superior to 2,2'-dipyridil, which is a representative non-fluorescing footwear impression enhancement reagent, and similar to 8-hydroxyquinoline, which is a representative fluorescing footwear impression enhancement reagent.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권11호
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• pp.6331-6335
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• 2013

Objective:To evaluate the performance of combined quantitative analysis of thyroid blood flow and static imaging data in the differential diagnosis of thyroid nodules. Method: Thyroid blood flow and static imaging were performed in 165 patients with thyroid nodules. Patients were divided into a benign thyroid nodule group (BTN, n=135) and a malignant thyroid nodule group (MTN, n=30) based on the results of post-surgical pathologic examination. Carotid artery thyroid transit times (CTTT), perfusion ratio of thyroid nodule blood/thyroid blood (TNB/TB), and perfusion ratio of thyroid nodule blood/carotid artery blood (TNB/CAB) were measured using thyroid blood flow imaging. The ratios between thyroid nodule and ipsilateral submandibular gland (TN/SG) and thyroid nodule and normal thyroid tissue (TN/T) were measured from thyroid static imaging. The differences between the BTN and MTN groups were compared. Results: 1) CTTT was markedly lower in the MTN group than the BTN group, the difference being statistically significant. 2) TNB/TB and TNB/CAB were both significantly higher in MTN than BTN groups. 3) TN/T was significantly lower in MTN group than BTN group. 4) TN/SG was lower in MTN group than BTN group, but the difference was not statistically significant. 5) Using the combination of CTTT and TN/T, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were 93.1%, 95.3% and 94.9% respectively for the diagnosis of MTN. Using the combination of CTTT, TNB/TB and TN/T, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy changed to 89.7%, 100%, and 98.1% respectively. 6) Correlation analysis demonstrated a significant correlation between TN/T and TNB/TB (r=-0.384, P=0.036) and TNB/CAB (r=-0.466, P=0.009) in the MTN group. Conclusion: The combination of quantitative markers from thyroid blood flow and thyroid static imaging had high specificity and accuracy in differential diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid nodules, thus providing an important imaging diagnostic approach.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.1244-1246
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• 2014

• 전자진흥
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.138-145
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• 1990

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.220-256
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• 2022

지역적으로 식물 다양성을 보전하기위한 가장 필수적인 항목은 전체 목록의 작성이다. 특히 석회암 지대는 식물다양성이 높을 뿐만 아니라 특이적인 식물의 분포지로 알려져 있다. 그럼에도 불구하고 보호지역으로 지정된 곳은 소수에 불과하다. 본 연구는 한반도의 중부에 위치한 석회암 지대인 고양산과 문래산 일원에 분포하는 식물현황을 조사하였다. 총 8회의 조사를 통해 113과 357속 592종 15아종 44변종 3품종 654분류군이 관찰되었다. 환경부지정 멸종위기야생식물은 개병풍, 가시오갈피나무, 복주머니란 및 큰바늘꽃 4분류군이 분포하였다. 한국고유종은 32분류군, 식물구계학적특정식물종은 V등급이 5분류군, IV등급이 41분류군, III등급이 36분류군이 조사되었다. 국가적색목록 평가에 따라 멸종의 위협이 높은 위기(EN; Endangered)종으로 평가되는 식물은 2분류군, 취약(VU; Vulnerable)종으로 평가되는 식물은 7분류군 그리고 준위협(NT; Near threatened)종으로 평가되는 식물은 7분류군이 분포하였다. 귀화식물은 총 41분류군이 조사되었고 그중 생태계교란외래식물은 4분류군이 있었다. 본 조사지역인 고양산과 문래산 일원은 석회암 지대 내에서 높은 식물다양성을 나타내고 있고 멸종위기야생식물인 개병풍의 핵심 분포지에 해당할 뿐만 아니라 개야광나무의 소수 분포지 중 하나를 포함하고 있는 등 보전의 가치가 높은 것으로 평가되었다. 이러한 점에 따라 고양산과 문래산 일원과 주변의 식물다양성이 우수한 지역을 평가하여 특별보호구역으로 지정할 것을 제안한다.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.113-118
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• 2006

In the primary sensory neuron of the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus (MTN), the peripheral axon supplies a large number of annulospiral endings surrounding intrafusal fibers encapsulated in single muscle spindles while the central axon sends only a few number of synapses onto single ${\alpha}-motoneurons({\alpha}-MNs)$. Therefore, the ${\alpha}-{\gamma}$ linkage is thought to be very crucial in the jaw-closing movement. Spike activity in a ${\gamma}-motoneuron\;({\gamma}-MN)$ would induce a large number of impulses in single peripheral axons by activating many intrafusal fibers simultaneously, subsequently causing an activation of ${\alpha}-MNs$ in spite of the small number of synapses. Thus, the activity of ${\gamma}-MNs$ may be vital for modulation of jaw-closing movements. Independently of such a spindle activity modulated by ${\gamma}-MNs$, somatic depolarization in MTN neurons is known to trigger the oscillatory spike activity. Nevertheless, the trafficking of these spikes arising from the two distinct sources of MTN neurons is not well understood. In this short review, switching among multiple functional modes of MTN neurons is discussed. Subsequently, it will be discussed which mode can support the ${\alpha}-{\gamma}$ linkage. In our most recent study, simultaneous patch-clamp recordings from the soma and axon hillock revealed a spike-back-propagation from the spike-initiation site in the stem axon to the soma in response to a somatic current pulse. The persistent $Na^+$ current was found to be responsible for the spike-initiation in the stem axon, the activation threshold of which was lower than those of soma spikes. Somatic inputs or impulses arising from the sensory ending, whichever trigger spikes in the stem axon first, would be forwarded through the central axon to the target synapse. We also demonstrated that at hyperpolarized membrane potentials, 4-AP-sensitive $K^+$ current ($IK_{4-AP}$) exerts two opposing effects on spikes depending on their origins; the suppression of spike initiation by increasing the apparent electrotonic distance between the soma and the spike-initiation site, and the facilitation of axonal spike invasion at higher frequencies by decreasing the spike duration and the refractory period. Through this mechanism, the spindle activity caused by ${\gamma}-MNs$ would be safely forwarded to ${\alpha}-MNs$. Thus, soma spikes shaped differentially by this $IK_{4-AP}$ depending on their origins would reflect which one of the two inputs was forwarded to the target synapses.

• 한국광학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국광학회 2001년도 제12회 정기총회 및 01년도 동계학술발표회
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• pp.268-269
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• 2001

반사형 액정표시장치는 저전력 휴대용 표시장치 시장이 급격하게 성장함에 따라 큰 주목을 받고 있다. 현재 반사형 액정표시장치는 밝기면에서 우수한 특성을 갖는 mixed mode TN(MTN)과 reflective TR(RTN)과 같은 단일편광자를 이용한 액정모드를 기본적으로 사용하고 있다. 그러나, 이러한 액정모드는 이중편광자를 이용한 액정모드와 비교해서 dark 상태에서 누설광이 많이 발생하여 대비비가 저하되는 단점이 있다. (중략)

• 한국광학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국광학회 2000년도 제11회 정기총회 및 00년 동계학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.112-113
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• 2000

주변의 광원을 이용하는 단일 편광판 반사형 액정 표시장치는 전력 소모의 70%이상을 차지하는 배면조명이 필요 없으므로 가볍고 얇으며, 소비전력이 적고, 큰 반사효율을 얻을 수 있는 장점으로 인해 큰 주목을 받고 있다. 현재 단일 편광판 반사형 액정 표시장치는 reflective TN(RTN)$^{(1)}$ 과 mixed-mode TN(MTN)$^{(2)}$ 과 같은 TN액정 모드를 기본적으로 사용하고 있다. 하지만 TN액정 모드를 사용한 반사형 액정 표시장치는 좁은 시야각과 느린 응답 특성 등의 문제점이 있다. 이러한 문제점들을 해결하기 위해 reflective-optically compensated bend(R-OCB)$^{(3)}$ 및 reflective homeotropic TN mode$^{(4)}$ , 반사형 BTN$^{(5)}$ 등을 이용한 반사형 액정 표시장치 등이 보고된 바 있다. (중략)

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 1990년도 한국자동제어학술회의논문집(국내학술편); KOEX, Seoul; 26-27 Oct. 1990
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• pp.246-251
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• 1990

A fuzzy control scheme has been proposed for a supercritical extraction process which has attracted much attention recently as a new separation technology. Based on the manual operation experience, three control pairs between manipulated and output variables are selected first and then seven membership functions are defined for control error and time rate of the error, respectively for each control pair, resulting in forty nine Fuzzy control rules. In addition to these, the membership functions are defined in two steps (coarse and fine) to enhance control performance. Fuzzy inference is performed using MAX-MTN composition rule and defuzzified control output is calculated based on center of gravity method. The prosed Fuzzy control scheme has been assessed through numerical simulation. As a result, the proposed scheme shows good control performance comparable with that by INA(inverse nyquist array) which usually requires complicated design procedure.