• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.631-637
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• 2018

In 5G mobile communication, it is necessary to provide different mobility to user equipments(UE) that do not require mobility management or need limited mobility management. In this paper, we propose a two-layer mobility management system that classifies multiple MTC devices with similar mobility levels into c-MTC and m-MTC groups. In order to improve the energy efficiency and service life by reducing the number of control signals generated when TAU is performed, the group header typically performs a Tracking Area Update(TAU) request and adjusts the periodic TAU update period according to the mobility level. The TAU update period of the m-MTC is set to 54 minutes proposed by the 3GPP standard and the c-MTC is set to 12 minutes. Compared to when the UEs perform TAU individually, it is found that the number of control signals decreases by 33% when the MME is not changed and by 49% when the MME is not changed in the m-MTC or c-MTC group.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2012.11a
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• pp.818-821
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• 2012

M2M 서비스 지원을 위한 이동통신 인프라 기술은 3GPP에서 MTC(Machine Typer Communications)라 부른다. 최근 3GPP SA1, SA2 에서는 MTC 디바이스와 MTC 서버 통신 모델 기반의 서비스 모델 및 지원에 관한 네트워크 구조 기술표준이 추진되었다. 이 후 후속 작업으로 3GPP SA1에서는 TR 22.888(MTCe: Study on Enhancements for MTC) 문서를 통해 MTC 디바이스 간 통신 시나리오 및 use case 개발이 추진 중이다. TR 22.888 문서에는 MTC 디바이스 간 통신 접속 시나리오 및 use case를 정의하고 이에 대한 3GPP 네트워크 요구사항을 개발하고 있다. 현재 TR 22.888v0.7 에서는 5가지의 MTC 디바이스 간 통신 시나리오가 개발되었다. 각 시나리오는 MTC 디바이스가 접속을 원하는 원격 MTC 디바이스와 연결 설정 과정에서 직접연결, MTC 서버를 통한 연결, 네트워크/MTC 서버 내에 이름 분석 기능(name resolution function) 지원을 통한 연결, 그룹 통신 내 MTC 디바이스 간 연결, 네트워크 코디네이션(network Coordination) 지원을 통한 연결 등으로 구분된다. 본 논문에서는 이와 같은 M2M에서 디바이스간 직접 통신에 관한 시나리오 및 usecase를 분석한다.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.885-896
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• 2013

MTC(Machine Type Communications), providing a variety of services anytime and anywhere by connecting the cellular network to the machine and things without human intervention, is being considered as a major challenge of the next-generation communications. Currently, When a massive MTC devices simultaneously connect to the network, each MTC device needs an independent access authentication process. Because of this process, authentication signaling congestion and overload problems will cause in LTE-Advanced. In this paper, we propose a group-based authentication protocol and a key management protocol. For managing the MTC devices as group units, the proposed protocol elects a group leader and authentications only once with the core network. After the authentication is completed, a group leader manages the rest members and MME(Mobility Management Entity) by constructing a binary tree. Finally, the propose protocol analysis show that the proposed protocol not only can reduces the authentication signaling which generated in between the MTC devices and the core network but also can manages the MTC devices, efficiently.

• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.143-152
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• 2012

본고에서는 Machine Type Communications(MTC) 표준화 동향을 소개한다. MTC는 사람이 개입하지 않는 상태에서 기기 및 사물 간에 일어나는 통신이라고 정의하고 있고, 사물의 이동성, 도서, 산간, 해양 등을 포함하는 광범위한 서비스 지역, 네트워크의 운영 및 유지보수의 용이성, 신뢰도 높은 데이터 전송을 위한 보안, 그리고 서비스 품질 보장 등을 고려하여, 이동통신 네트워크를 기반으로 하는 사물통신을 수용하기 위한 것이다. 우선 M2M(Machine to Machine) 개념 및 3GPP(3rd Generation Partnership Project)에서 도출한 응용 분야를 기술하고, 이어서 3GPP MTC 표준화 일정을 살펴보고, 현재까지의 주요 표준 문서의 작성 내용 중 MTC 요구사항의 정의와 구조 모델의 정의, 과부하 제어를 위한 표준화가 주된 내용으로 2011년 9월에 완성된 Release 10 NIMTC(Network Improvements for MTC) 내용을 살펴보고, 마지막으로 현재 3GPP RAN(Radio Access Network)1에서 활발하게 논의되고, 작성하고 있는 저가의 MTC 단말을 지원하기 위한 방안에 대한 기술보고서의 내용에 대해서 살펴보았다.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.157-165
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• 2017

Intelligent transportation systems are currently being developed for elemental technology development of cooperative intelligent transport systems, which enable vehicles to communicate with each other or reduce the risk of traffic accidents, We have been defining and standardizing services according to the purpose of solving traffic safety problems depending on countries. Therefore, in this study, the developed countries of V2X(vehicle-to-everything) based on USA, Europe, Japan, etc., analyzed the service cases selected in the field demonstration stage after completion of the element technology devanalyzed the service cases selected in the field demonstration stage after completion of the element technology development, and to suggest the direction of futureelopment, and to suggest the direction of future policy direction.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.287-295
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• 2017

Recently, MTC (Machine Type Communication) is known as an important part to support IoT (Internet of Things) applications. MTC provides network connectivities between MTC devices without human intervention. In MTC, a large number of devices try to access over communication resource with a short period of time. Due to the limited communication resource, resource contention becomes severe and it brings about access failures of devices. To solve the problem, it needs to regulate device accesses. In this paper, we present an efficient access management scheme. We measure the number of devices which try to access in a certain time period and predict the change of the number of devices in the next time period. Using the predicted change, we control the number of devices which try to access. To verify our scheme, we conduct experiments in terms of success probability, failure probability, collision probability and access delay.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2012.10a
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• pp.603-606
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• 2012

M2M 서비스를 통한 통신 모델은 MTC 디바이스와 MTC 서버 통신 모델 기반으로 이루어졌다. 하지만 최근 이동통신 시스템 기반으로 M2M 서비스가 개발되면서 다양한 M2M 서비스 개발을 위해 디바이스간 직접 통신 및 게이트웨이 기반 M2M 서비스 통신 모델에 관한 기술표준이 3GPP SA1에서 추진 중이다. 이와 관련된 기술은 3GPP SA1 TR 22.888(MTCe: Study on Enhancements for MTC) 문서를 통해 개발 중이며 주요 내용은 MTC capillary network 구축 및 MTC 게이트웨이 디바이스 역할 등을 기술하고 있다. MTC capillary network 구성의 목적은 non-3GPP M2M 디바이스를 이동통신 시스템을 통해서 M2M 서비스를 제공하기 위함이다. 본 논문에서는 이와 관련된 표준기술 및 use case를 분석한다.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.1122-1133
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• 2019

We have designed and implemented a new data processing framework called MOHA(Mtc On HAdoop) which can effectively support Many-Task Computing(MTC) applications in a YARN-based Hadoop platform. MTC applications can be composed of a very large number of computational tasks ranging from hundreds of thousands to millions of tasks, and each MTC application may have different resource usage patterns. Therefore, we have implemented MOHA-TaskExecutor(a pilot-job that executes real MTC application tasks)'s Adaptive Parallel Computability which can adaptively execute multiple tasks simultaneously, in order to improve the parallel computability of a YARN container and the overall system throughput. We have implemented multi-threaded version of TaskExecutor which can "independently and dynamically" adjust the number of concurrently running tasks, and in order to find the optimal number of concurrent tasks, we have employed Hill-Climbing algorithm.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.15
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• pp.6507-6512
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• 2015

Background: Vaspin and Retinol binding protein-4 (RBP4) are new adipokines mainly produced by adipose tissue. Considering that medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is a malignant neuroendocrine tumor, and to date the relationship between serum levels of vaspin and RBP4 with MTC has not been studied, in this matched case-control study we evaluated their possible significance to this tumor type. Materials and Methods: A total of 45 patients with MTC (21 males and 24 females) and 45 healthy persons as a control group (24 males and 21 females) were selected. The two groups were matched for age, sex and body mass index. Serum Vaspin and RBP4 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods in both groups. Also, weight and height were measured and body mass index was calculated too. Results: In total, patients with MTC had significantly higher serum vaspin levels compared to the controls (0.52ng/ml vs. 0.45ng/ml, P=0.0241). However, no significant difference was found in serum RBP4 concentrations between the patients with MTC and the controls ($15.2{\pm}2.55{\mu}g/ml$ versus $15.1{\pm}3.34{\mu}g/ml$, p>0.05). Conclusions: The results of this study demonstrated that serum RBP4 levels in MTC patients are not significantly different from those found in healthy individuals and did not correlate with MTC. On the other hand, higher levels of serum vaspin are associated with an increased risk of MTC. Thus Vaspin may be a novel and promising biomarker for diagnosis or confirmation of MTC in conjunction other specific tumor markers.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.2107-2117
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• 2015

Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine neoplasia. The medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is one of the most aggressive forms of thyroid malignancy,accounting for up to 10% of all types of this disease. The mode of inheritance of MTC is autosomal dominantly and gain of function mutations in the RET proto-oncogene are well known to contribute to its development. MTC occurs as hereditary (25%) and sporadic (75%) forms. Hereditary MTC has syndromic (multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A, B; MEN2A, MEN2B) and non-syndromic (Familial MTC, FMTC) types. Over the last two decades, elucidation of the genetic basis of tumorigenesis has provided useful screening tools for affected families. Advances in genetic screening of the RET have enabled early detection of hereditary MTCs and prophylactic thyroidectomy for relatives who may not show any symptom sof the disease. In this review we emphasize the main RET mutations in syndromic and non syndromic forms of MTC, and focus on the importance of RET genetic screening for early diagnosis and management of MTC patients, based on American Thyroid Association guidelines and genotype-phenotype correlation.