• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.127-132
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• 2012

Maxillary sinus hypoplasia (MSH) is an uncommon clinical disease that represents a persistent decrease in sinus volume, which results from centripetal reaction of the maxillary sinus walls. We present a unilateral MSH case of a 46-year-old male patient with a history of nasal obstruction and headache for 3 years. He had a history of Caldwell Luc operation (CLOP) 10 years ago, and no enophthalmos, hypoglobus or facial asymmetry. After confirming the right diagnosis of MSH, filled with bone in the computed tomography scan, hyperplastic bone was removed by the CLOP approach. The uncinate process and infundibular passage were found to be degenerated and ostium was also examined to be obstructed under endoscopic confirmation. MSH can be mistaken for chronic maxillary sinusitis because of the plain x-ray appearance, so the aggravated state of MSH can be the result of surgeon's misjudgment. With additional literature reviews, this rare experience is first introduced in our Korean oral and maxillofacial surgery field.

• Journal of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.121-128
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• 2021

Increasing the efficiency of HR (homologous recombination) is important for a successful knock-in. Rad51 is mainly involved in homologous recombination and is associated with strand invasion. The HR-related mismatch repair system maintains HR fidelity by heteroduplex rejection and repair. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to control Rad51, which plays a critical role in HR, through UV-induced DNA damage. It is also to confirm the effect on the expression of MMR related genes (Msh2, Msh3, Msh6, Mlh1, Pms2) and HR-related genes closely related to HR through treatment with the MMR inhibitor CdCl₂. The mRNA expression of Rad51 gene was confirmed in both HC11 cells and mouse testes, but the mRNA expression of Dmc1 gene was confirmed only in mouse testes. The protein expression of Rad51 and Dmc1 gene increased in UV-irradiated HC11 cells. After 72 hours of treatment with 1 ㎛ of CdCl₂, the mRNA expression level of Msh3, Pms2, and Rad51 decreased, but the mRNA expression level of Msh6 and Mlh1 increased in HC11 cells. There was no significant difference in Msh2 mRNA expression between CdCl₂ untreated-group and the 72 hours treated group. In conclusion, HR-related gene (Rad51) was increased by UV-induced DNA damage. Treatment of the MMR inhibitor CdCl₂ in HC11 cells decreased the mRNA expression of Rad51.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.135-139
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• 1971

It is very important to make mounting numerous silkworms by their normal growth when considering the sericultural management. There were several studies on the utilization of repellent to the matured silkworms to mounting, studies concerning forcing maturity of silkworms were developed considerably after studies on the insect ecdysis hormone. Commercial named MSH(II) (Inoksterone) similar substance of ecdysterone and DAT repellent (Dodesil alcohl) were used for this study, and the results can be summarized as follows; 1. MSH (II) mixed with the mulberry leaves shown the matured effect on the growth of silkworms and increased amount of MSH (II) shortened the last stage in their growth. 2. MSH (II) mixed with the mulberry leaves when 5% of early matured silkworms appeared were most effective. 3. DAT was hastened their mounting. 4. Utilization of MSH (II) and DAT together were hastened silkworms mounting and those chemicals can be used practically in the silkworm rearing.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.31-36
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• 2003

To investigate the effect of protein kinase on melanin production via cAMP-dependent pathway, we measured the melanin amount and tyrosinase activity in B16 melanoma cells stimulated by alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH), forskolin and 8-Br-cAMP. MSH, forskolin and 8-Br-cAMP significantly increased both melanin production and tyrosinase activity in B16 cells. Melanin production and tyrosinase activity by MSH are significantly inhibited by cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase inhibitor (KT5720) and protein kinase C down-regulation treated with PMA. Bisindolmaleimide (1$\mu$M), protein kinase C inhibitor, significantly inhibited melanin production and tyrosinase activity stimulated by MSH, forskolin and 8-Br-cAMP with the following order of potency: MSH＞forskolin＞8-Br-cAMP. Tyrosine kinase inhibitor, genistein and DHC, significantly inhibited both, but the inhibitory effect was more potent in 8-Br-cAMP-stimulated B16 cells than MSH-stimulated cells. NFkB inhibitor (parthenolide) significantly inhibited melanin production and tyrosinase activity. Neither melanin production nor tyrosinase activity induced by MSH, forskolin and 8-Br-cAMP were affected by KN-62 (calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II inhibitor), PD098059 (mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor, MAPKK) and worthmannin (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor). These results suggest that both protein kinase C and tyrosine kinase are involved in melanin production by cyclic AMP-dependent pathway and NFkB pathway may play an important role in cyclic AMP-dependent melanin production in B16 melanoma cells.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.207-212
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• 2014

Skin hyperpigmentation is one of the most common skin disorders caused by abnormal melanogenesis. The mechanism and key factors at play are not fully understood. Previous reports have indicated that cystamine (CTM) inhibits melanin synthesis, though its molecular mechanism in melanogenesis remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the effect of CTM on melanin production using ELISA reader and the expression of proteins involved in melanogenesis by Western blotting, and examined the involvement of transglutaminase-2 (Tgase-2) in SK-MEL-2 human melanoma cells by gene silencing. In the results, CTM dose-dependently suppressed melanin production and dendrite extension in a-MSH-induced melanogenesis of SK-MEL-2 human melanoma cells. CTM also suppressed a-MSH-induced chemotactic migration as well as the expressions of melanogenesis factors TRP-1, TRP-2 and MITF in a-MSH-treated SK-MEL-2 cells. Meanwhile, gene silencing of Tgase-2 suppressed dendrite extension and the expressions of TRP-1 and TRP-2 in a-MSH-treated SK-MEL-2 cells. Overall, these findings suggested that CTM suppresses a-MSH-induced melanogenesis via Tgase-2 inhibition and that therefore, Tgase-2 might be a new target in hyperpigmentation disorder therapy.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.883-890
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• 2021

In this study, we investigated the melanogenesis inhibitory effects of Rubus crataefifolius Leaf Extract (RCLE) in B16F10 melanoma cells. We examined the effects of RCLE on the melanin contents and tyrosinase activity, as well as the protein expression levels of the melanogenic enzymes TRP-1, TRP-2, and MITF in α-MSH -stimulated B16F10 melanoma cells. RCLE effectively inhibited tyrosinase activity and melanogenesis, suppressed the phosphorylation of PKA and CREB, and expression of MIT involved in the melanogenesis pathway, and down-regulated expression of melanogenesis related proteins. These result suggest that RCLE inhibited α-MSH-stimulated melanin synthesis by suppressing MITF expression. Therefore, our study suggests that RCLE has potential as a safe treatment for excessive pigmentation or as a natural ingredient in cosmetics.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2022.09a
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• pp.118-118
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• 2022

Carex pumila Thunb. is a plant native to East Asia, Australia, and New Zealand. However, its effect on skin melanogenesis has not been investigated. In the present study, we evaluated its anti-melanogenic properties using B16F10 melanoma cells and zebrafish larvae in the presence or absence of α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH). In this study we revealed that concentrations below 50 µg/mL did not induce any cytotoxicity in B16F10 melanoma cells and cardiotoxicity in zebrafish larvae. However, 50 µg/mL treatment significantly inhibited α-MSH-induced extracellular (from 181.24% α 0.62% to 105.15% α 0.31%) and intracellular melanin contents (from 119.8% α 1.2% to 53.4% α 1.7%) as well as intracellular tyrosinase activity (from 143.9% α 4.2% to 103.7% α 1.4%) in B16F10 melanoma cells. At 25 µg/mL and 50 µg/mL concentrations, it could significantly inhibit α-MSH induced hyperpigmentation in zebrafish larvae (from 100% α 2.3% to 60.7% α 1.3% and 47.5% α 1.9% respectively). Additionally, the extract suppressed α-MSH-induced cAMP-CREB-MITF signaling pathway and consequently inhibited tyrosinase expression in B16F10 melanoma cells. In conclusion, our results indicate that this plant extract could suppress the cAMP-CREB-MITF axis which consequently inhibits tyrosinase mediated melanogenesis.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.2591-2596
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• 2014

Purpose: To evaluate the prognostic value of the expression of excision repair cross-complementation group l (ERCC1), MutS protein homolog 2 (MSH2) and poly ADP-ribose polymerase 1 (PARP1) in non-small-cell lung cancer patients receiving platinum-based postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. Methods: Immunohistochemistry was applied to detect the expression of ERCC1, MSH2 and PARP1 in 111 cases of non-small cell lung cancer paraffin embedded surgical specimens. Through og-rank survival analysis, we evaluated the prognostic value of the ERCC1, MSH2, PARP1 and the related clinicopathological factors. COX regression analysis was used to determine whether ERCC1, MSH2 and PARP1 were independent prognostic factors. Results: In the enrolled 111 non-small cell lung cancer patients, the positive expression rate of ERCC1, MSH2 and RARP1 was 33.3%, 36.9% and 55.9%, respectively. ERCC1 (P<0.001) and PARP1 (P=0.033) were found to be correlated with the survival time while there was no correlation for MSH2 (P=0.298). Patients with both ERCC1 and PARP1 negative cancer had significantly longer survival time than those with ERCC1 (P=0.042) or PARP1 (P=0.027) positive alone. Similalry, the survival time of patients with both ERCC1 and PARP1 positive cancer was shorter than those with ERCC1 (P=0.048) or PARP1 (P=0.01) positive alone. Conclusion: Patients with ERCC1 or PARP1 negative non-small cell lung cancer appear to benefit from platinum-based postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.29 no.11
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• pp.1200-1207
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• 2019

Ultraviolet radiation exposure is a major cause of extrinsic skin aging, which leads to skin hyperpigmentation. Loganin, a major iridoid glycoside obtained from Corni fructus, has anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, and neuroprotective effects. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms underlying the anti-melanogenic effects of loganin in B16F10 melanocytes treated with ${\alpha}$-melanocyte stimulating hormone (${\alpha}-MSH$) and 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX). Anti-melanogenic activity was measured by treating cells with loganin at concentrations between 1 and $20{\mu}m$. Cell viability assays confirmed that doses of loganin up to $20{\mu}m$ were not cytotoxic. Loganin significantly and dose-dependently decreased intracellular melanin production. We also investigated potential molecular signaling pathways for the anti-melanogenesis effects of loganin. Western blotting showed that treatment with ${\alpha}-MSH$ and IBMX increased the phosphorylation of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and the gene expressions of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) and tyrosinase. Addition of loganin suppressed these increases, while promoting the phosphorylation of extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) and the anti-melanogenesis response. Our data therefore indicated that loganin could attenuate the increased melanin synthesis induced by ${\alpha}-MSH$ and IBMX treatment of B16F10 melanocytes. This attenuation appears to occur by downregulation of CREB phosphorylation and MITF and tyrosinase gene expression and upregulation of ERK phosphorylation. These finding suggests that loganin could be a valuable candidate for treatment of skin diseases related to hyperpigmentation.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.31 no.3 s.52
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• pp.265-271
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• 2005

This study is performed to investigate the effects of citrus essential oils on melanin production in B16 melanoma cells and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in RBL 2H3 cells. Five kinds of citrus essential oil (bergamot, grapefruit, lemmon, mandarin, petigrain) did not have any influence on DPPH radical scavenger activity, cell growth and cytotoxicity in B16 melanoma cells. In purified tyrosinase assay, both mandarin and petigrain essential oils dose-dependently inhibited its activity, but bergamot did not. In $1{\mu}M\;{\alpha}-MSH-stimulated$ B16 melanoma cells, all of 5 citrus essential oils inhibited melanin production in $\underline{a}$ dose dependent manner. On the other hand, four kinds of citrus essential oil dose-dependently increased ROS generation in RBL 2H3 mast cells, but mandarin did not. From the above results, it is possible that citrus essential oils nay be developed to be anti-melanogenic agent on the basis of their inhibitory effect on MSH-induced melanin production. Hut we can not rule out the possibility of the induction of allergy and inflammation since citrus essential oils caused ROS generation in RBL 2H3 mast cells.