• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.24 no.12
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• pp.1666-1673
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• 2011

The presence of sialoglycoproteins (SGPs) in the membranes from goat (Capra aegagrus hircus), buffalo (Bubalus bubalis bubalis) and pig (Sus scrofa domestica) erythrocytes was investigated by partial purification with a chloroform-methanol extraction method followed by Sodium dodecyl sulphate - Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in comparison to human (Homo sapiens) erythrocytes. The results show that mammalian erythrocytes possess clear differences in the SGPs numbers and molecular weights although all animals studied in this experiment are from the same class i.e. mammalia. The SGPs number in human, goat, buffalo and pig are four (PAS-1 to PAS-4), ten (PAS-GI to PAS-GX), seven (PAS-BI to PAS-BVII) and four (PAS-PI to PAS-IV) respectively as indicated by staining the polyacrylamide gel with sialoglycoprotein-specific Periodic acid-Schiff's (PAS) stain. The new SGPs could be observed only after the partial purification of membrane fractions named as PAS-HI with molecular weight (Mr) 190 kDa and PAS-HII 150 kDa in human, PAS-BIA in buffalo and PAS-PIA and PAS-PIVA in pig. The gels were also stained with Coomassie brilliant blue (CBB) and Silver stain to check the contamination of other membrane proteins in the purified fractions. The quantitative distribution of SGPs was also determined by densitometry. Present study indicates that there are some basic differences in mammalian erythrocyte membrane SGPs, especially with respect to their number and molecular weights indicating major structural variations.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.111-119
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• 1999

Purpose: As mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) shows hypometabolism of medial and lateral temporal lobe, we investigated whether symmetric uptake of F-18-FDG in medial temporal lobes can differentiate mesial from lateral TLE. Materials and Methods: In 113 patients (83 mesial TLE, 30 lateral TLE) who underwent anterior temporal lobectomy and/or corticectomy with good surgical outcome, we performed F-18-FDG PET and compared F-18-FDG uptake of medial and lateral temporal lobes. All the patients with mesial TLE had hippocampal sclerosis except one congenital abnormal hippocampus. Patients with lateral TLE revealed cerebromalacia, microdysgenesis, arteriovenous malformation, old contusion, and cortical dysplasia. Results: Sensitivity of F-18-FDG PET and MR for mesial TLE was 84% (70/83) and 73% (61/83), respectively. Sensitivity of F-18-FDG PET and MR for lateral TLE was 90% (27/30) and 66% (20/30), respectively. Twelve patients were normal on F-18-FDG PET. 101 patients had hypometabotism of lateral temporal lobe. Among 88 patients who showed hypometabolism of medial temporal lobe as well as lateral temporal lobe, 70 were mesial TLE patients and 18 were lateral TLE on pathologic examination. Positive predictive value of medial temporal hypometabolism for mesial TLE was 80%. Among 13 patients who showed hypometabolism of only lateral temporal lobe, 4 were mesial TLE and 9 were lateral TLE. Positive predictive value of hypometabolism of lateral temporal lobe for the diagnosis of lateral TLE was 69% (9/13). Normal MR findings stood against medial TLE, whose negative predictive value was 66%. Conclusion: Lateral temporal lobe epilepsy should be suspected when there is decreased F-18-FDG uptake in lateral temporal lobe with normal uptake in medial temporal lobe.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.154-161
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• 1997

Purpose: Traumatic rupture of the diaphragm is not easy to diagnose and often delayed. Delayed diagnosis of diaphragmatic rupture accompanied by higher chances of strangulation of herniated viscera which may result in higher morbility and mortality. The purpose of this study was to evaluate diagnostic accuracy of spiral CT, MRI and US for the diagnosis of diaphragmatic rupture in an animal model. Materials and Methods: Small, medium, and large sized transabdominal diaphragmatic ruptures were surgically made in experimental rabbits and then followed up with spiral CT, MR!, and US at 1 day, 3 day, and 1 week after operation. Results: US was superior to MR! or spiral CT in diagnosis of diaphragmatic rupture(P(0.05). The sensitivity and specificity were 94.4% and 92.9% for US, 54.0% and 85.7% for MRI, and 46.0% and 78.6% for spiral CT, respectively. The size of laceration was not related to diagnostic sensitivity in US. Sensitivity of MRI and spiral CT increased as the size of laceration were larger, but no statistical significance was present(P>0.05). All experimental animals developed pleural effusion or hemothorax one day after operation. In acute phase, US and MRI were more sensitive than spiral CT in detecting diaphragmatic rupture. Spiral CT was more sensitive than US and MRI in delayed phase but without statistical significance(P>0.05). In the experimental rabbits with accompanying visceral hernia through the diaphragmatic defect, diagnostic accuracy was found equally high among three image modalities(P>0.05). Conclusion: This study indicates that US is the most accurate diagnostic method in detecting injury to the diaphragm in a rabbit model. The findings obtained in this experimental study can be applied to the diaphragmatic rupture of human being.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.85-93
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• 2000

Purpose: To evaluate the availability of magnetic resonance (MRI voiding cystography for the diagnosis of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) and to compare the sensitivity of MR voiding cystography (MRVC) with that of radiographic voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) in the detection of VUR. Material and Methods : MRVC was performed upon 20 children referred for investigation of VUR. Either coronal T1-weighted spin-echo or spoiled gradient-echo images were obtained before and after transurethral administration of a mixture of normal saline and gadopentetate dimeglumine, and immediately after voiding. The findings of MRVC were compared with those of VCUG performed within 6 months of MRVC. Results 1 VUR was detected in 23 ureterorenal units f16 VUR's by both methods, five VUR's by VCUG, and two VUR's by MRVC). The sensitivity of VCUG and MRVC in detecting VUR was 91.3% (21/23) and 78.3% (18/23), respectively. MRVC detected renal scarring in 15 out of 17 kidneys with scintigraphically detected renal scarring. Conclusion : Although MRVC is slightly less sensitive than VCUG in the detection of VUR, it can be used for the diagnosis of VUR and renal scarring simultaneouslyl and thus will reduce the radiation hazard.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.115-125
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to evaluate the usefulness of CT arthrography (CTA) by conducting a comparative study of CTA and MR arthrography (MRA) with the arthroscopic findings in the same patients. Materials and methods: Forty nine patients who suffered from shoulder disease underwent MRA and CTA concurrently. The sensitivity and specificity of CTA was evaluated, as compared to MRA, in the case of four types of shoulder pathological lesions. The accuracy of CTA was evaluated by analyzing the arthroscopic findings of thirty four patients. Results: Compared to MRA, CTA showed a sensitivity of 90% and a specificity of 100% for diagnosing supraspinatus tendon (SST) full thickness tear, and CTA showed a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 97.5% for making the diagnosis of superior labrum anterior to posterior (SLAP) lesion. For diagnosing partial articular side supraspinatus avulsion (PASTA) lesion, some studies have shown the usefulness of CTA with a sensitivity of 71.4% and a specificity of 97.7%. However, for diagnosing SST bursal side partial tear, the sensitivity of CTA was as low as 10%. CTA has been shown to be relatively accurate when the diagnoses were verified with the arthroscopic findings; diagnosing SST full thickness tear and SLAP lesion with CTA has shown an accuracy of 100% and87.5% respectively, and CTA showed 71.4% diagnostic accuracy for PASTA lesion. Conclusion: CTA was a useful tool and it was equivalent to MRA for the assessment of SST full thickness tear, SLAP lesion and PASTA lesion, but not bursal side partial tear. Thus, it may be used preferably to diagnose shoulder pathology and for follow up as an inexpensive tool after operation.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.105-114
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• 2016

In this study, For assessment of triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) injury, we acquired images by fat suppressed 3D fast spoiled gradient recalled T1 and fat suppressed Isotropic 3D fast spin echo T1 techniques. For quantitative evaluation, measured signal to noise ratio and contrast to noise ratio and verified statistical significance between two imaging techniques by Mann-Whitney U verification. And for qualitative evaluation, marked 4-grade scoring (0: non diagnostic, 1: poor, 2: adequate, 3: good) on shape of TFCC, artifacts by partial volumes, description of the lesions by two radiologist, verified coincidence between 2 observer using Kappa-value verification. We used 3.0 Tesla MR equipment and 8-channel RF coil for imaging acquisition. As quantitative evaluation results, signal to noise ratio and contrast to noise ratio value of Isotropic 3D fast spin echo T1 technique is higher in every image sections, also between two imaging techniques by Mann-Whitney U verification was statistically significant (p < 0.05). As qualitative results, observer 1, 2 marked a higher grade on Isotropic 3D FSE T1 technique, coincidence verification of evaluation results between two observers by Kappa-value verification was statistically significant (p < 0.05). As a result, during MRI examination on TFCC injury, fat suppressed Isotropic 3D fast spin echo T1 technique is considered offering more useful information about abnormal lesion of TFCC.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 1994

Stow-net is originally spreaded with a lifting beam and a depressing beam. The net is improved by using canvas-made spreading devices by Mr. Han and his colleagues in the beginning of 1980's. The net is improved again by changing the partial shape of netting and arrangement of net pendants so as to be fitting with the actual performance of the net by Dr. Lee and his colleagues since 1988. The author studied to compare the fishing efficiency of those two kinds of nets(The former which was improve by Mr. Han is expressed as a traditional net and the latter improved again by Dr. Lee is expressed as an improved net in the present study). Twenty-one stow-netters concerned with the present study were selected among those based on the Port of Inchon, and were classified into two groups-eleven of them are a traditional net used group and ten are an improved net used group. The data on the fishing operation from August 1992 to March 1993, including the catch, the price of sell, the fishing operated times in every cruise and the fished position noticed by every stow-netter were offered by concerned stow-netters. From the data the times of operation, catch and value in every cruise were extracted and analyzed. The results obtained can be summarized as follows: 1. The times of operation in cruise were 13.7 by the traditional net used group and 12.7 by the improved net used group. 2. The mean catch per cruise showed 10.1M/T in the traditional net used group and 12.2M/T in the improved net used group, so the latter showed 21% better. 3. The mean catch per operation showed 0.7M/T in the traditional net used group and 0.9M/T in the improved net used group, so the latter showed 28% better. 4. The rate of three important species(starks, hair tail and croakers) in the total catch showed 83%, and the catch showed greater by the improved net used group at the rate of starks 141%, hair tail 110%, croakers 107%. 5. The rate of three important species in the total price showed 82%, but the price of starks which occupied the biggest in catch showed merely 5%, then the economical efficiency appeared low. 6. The mean price per stow-netter and per operation showed about 20%, greater respectively by the improved net used group and the mean price per operation by two important species(hair tail and croakers) showed greater about 30% by the improved net used group.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.101-109
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• 2024

In this study, we investigated the antioxidant effects and active ingredients of Gynura Procumbens extracts obtained through various extraction methods for the development of natural-based cosmetics and pharmaceutical materials. The contents of compounds, total flavonoids, chlorogenic acid, and caffeic acid were compared at different concentrations, revealing the highest content of active ingredients in the 100% ethanol extract. Antioxidant activity assessed by DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assays showed a concentration-dependent increase in antioxidant activity with the ethanol concentration. Additionally, we validated the DNA damage inhibition and anti-inflammatory effects of Gynura Procumbens extracts through UVB irradiation on Hs68 cell models. The 100% ethanol extract demonstrated significant inhibition of the expression of p-p53, γ-H2AX, iNOS, and COX-2 induced by UVB, indicating its potential in alleviating photodamage effects. Consequently, the efficient extraction of Gynura Procumbens for skin functional material development was confirmed, suggesting the suitability of ethanol or alcohol-based solvents.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.26-31
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• 2006

Purpose : To evaluate the effect of global scaling analysis on brain activation for sensory and motor functional MR imaging study. Materials and methods : Four normal subjects without abnormal neurological history were included. Arm extension-flexion movement was used for motor function and 1KHz pure tone stimulation was used for auditory function. Functional magnetic resonance imaging was performed at 3T MRI (GE, Milwaukee, USA) using BOLD-EPI technique and SPM2 was employed for data analysis. On data analysis, the brain activation images were obtained with and without global scaling by fixing other parameters such as motion correction and realignment. Results : The difference in brain activation between no scaling and global scaling was not large in case of right upper extremity movement (p<0.000001). For auditory test, brain activation with global scaling showed larger activation than that of without global scaling (p<0.05). Conclusion : A caution must be taken into account when analyzing functional imaging data with global scaling especially for functional study of small local BOLD signal change.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.32-41
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• 2004

Purpose : To measure the NMR relaxation properties of MnPC, to observe the characteristics of liver enhancement patterns on MR images in experimentally implanted rabbit VX2 tumor model, and to estimate the possibility of tissue specific contrast agent for MnPC in comparison with the hepatobiliary agent. Materials and Methods : Phthalocyanine (PC) was chelated with paramagnetic ions, manganese (Mn). 2.01 g (5.2 mmol) of phthalocyanine was mixed with 0.37 g (1.4 nlmol) of Mn chloride at $310^{\circ}C$ for 36 hours and then purified by chromatography ($CHCl_3:\;CH_3OH=98:2$, volume ratio) to obtain 1.04 g $(46\%)$ of MnPC (molecular weight = 2000 daltons). The T1/T2 relaxivity (R1/R2) for MnPC were determined at a 1.5 T (64 MHz) MR spectrometer. VX2 tumor model was experimentally implanted in the liver parenchyma of rabbits. All MR studies were performed on 1.5 T. The human extremity radio frequency coil of a bird cage type was employed. MR images were acquired at 17 to 24 days after VX2 carcinoma implantation.4 mmol/kg MnPC and 0.01 mmol/kg Mn-DPDP were injected via the ear vein of rabbits. T1-weighted images were obtained with spin-echo (TR/TE=516/14 msec) and fast multiplanar spoiled gradient recalled (TR/TE : 80/4 msec, $60^{\circ}$ flip angle) pulse sequence. Fast spin-echo (TR/TE=1200/85 msec) was used to obtain the T2-weighted images. Results : The value of T1/T2 relaxivity (R1/R2) of MnPC was $7.28\;mM^{-1}S^{-1}$ and $55.56\;mM^{-1}S^{-1}$ respectively at 1.5 T (64 MHz). Because the T2 relaxivity of MnPC that bonded strongly, covalently manganese with phthalocyanine was very high, the signal intensity of liver parenchyma was decreased on postcontrast T2-weighted images and we could easily distinguish the VX2 carcinoma within the liver parenchyma. When MnPC was administrated intravenously, the tumor margin delineation was more remarkable than Mn-DPDP-enhanced images. The enhancement of liver parenchyma with MnPC persisted at relatively high levels over at least one hour after injection of the contrast agents. Conclusion : The hepatic uptake and biliary excretion of MnPC, which are similar to Mn-DPDP, suggest that this agent is a new liver-specific agent. Also, MnPC seems to be used as a dual contrast agent (T1 and T2) with high T2 relaxivity. However, it is warranted that MnPC needs further investigation as a potential contrast agent for MR imaging of the liver. That is, further characterizations of MnPC are needed in vivo and in vitro before clinical trials. The diagnostic potential of MnPC will also have to be examined more in the animal models of additional types.