• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.940-953
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• 2006

The major source of carbon monoxide (CO) at the Earth's surface is the incomplete combustion of biomass and fossil fuels. Because the global lifetime of CO is about two months, it can be used as a tracer for pollution from anthropogenic activities and biomass hurtling. In this paper, we introduced the principle and algorithm of the Measurement of Pollution in the Troposphere (MOPITT) instrument for global CO monitoring. The MOPITT instrument, which was launched on the Satellite Terra in 1999, measures CO column and mixing ratio based on gas correlation radiometry. CO levels can be determined by a retrieval algorithm based on the maximum likelihood method minimizing the difference between observed and modeled radiances. MOPITT level 2 data (HDF format) can be downloaded through the Earth Observing System (EOS) data gateway of NASA. ASCII files of CO parameters can be extracted from HDF files, and then temporal and spatial distributions can be obtained. Finally, we showed an example of CO monitoring in April 2000. The locations of forest fires and distribution of MOPITT CO clearly indicated that not only anthropogenic emissions but also forest fires play an important role in CO levels and global CO distribution. Our introduction to MOPITT and the example of MOPITT data interpretation would be helpful for scientists who want to use the EOS data.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2002년도 Proceedings of International Symposium on Remote Sensing
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• pp.373-377
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• 2002

The Measurement of Pollution in the Troposphere (MOPITT) instrument is an eight-channel gas correlation radiometer launched on the Earth Observing System (EOS) Terra spacecraft in 1999. Its main objectives are to measure carbon monoxide (CO) and methane (CH4) concentrations in the troposphere. This work analyzes tropospheric carbon monoxide distributions using MOPITT data in East Asia and compared ozone distributions. In general, seasonal CO variations are characterized by a spring peak and decreased in the summer. Also, this work revealed that the seasonal cycles of CO are spring maximum and summer minimum with averaged concentrations ranging from 118ppbv to 170ppbv. The CO monthly means show a similar profiles to those of O3. This fact clearly indicates that the high concentration of CO in spring is caused by two possible causes: the photochemical CO production in the troposphere, transport of the CO in the northeast Asia. The CO and O3 seasonal cycles in northeast Asia are influenced extensively by the seasonal exchange of the different types of air mass due to the Asian monsoon. The continental air masses contain high concentrations of O3 and CO due to higher continental background concentrations and sometimes due to the contribution of regional pollution. In summer the transport pattern is reversed. The Pacific marine air masses prevail over Korea, so that the marine air masses bring low concentrations of CO and O3, which tend to give the apparent minimum in summer.

• 한국대기환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국대기환경학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.413-414
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• 2003

최근의 대기오염과 기후변화는 특정 지역에만 국한되지 않고 전지구 규모로 발생하고 있다. 따라서 인공위성에 탑재된 원격 센서들을 이용한 대기환경 모니터링이 주목을 받고 있다. 일산화탄소 (CO)는 OH 농도와 직접적인 관련이 있는 대류권 화학에서 매우 중요한 미량기체이며, 대기 중 lifetime이 약 2개월이므로 산불이나 대규모 공업단지에서 생성된 CO를 포함한 오염물질들의 추적자로 사용될 수 있다. 이러한 취지에서 MOPITT (Measurement of Pollution in The Troposphere) 기기가 개발되어, 1999년에 지구관측위성인 Terra에 탑재되어 CO 및 CH$_4$ 모니터링을 수행하고 있다. (중략)

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.217-221
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• 2003

The Measurement of Pollution in the Troposphere (MOPITT) instrument is an eight-channel gas correlation radiometer that launched on the Earth Observing System (EOS) Terra spacecraft in 1999. Its main objectives are to measure carbon monoxide (CO) and methane (CH4) concentrations in the troposphere. This study analyzes tropospheric carbon monoxide distributions using MOPITT data and compare with ozone distributions in Northeast Asia. In general, seasonal CO variations are characterized by a peak in spring and decrease in summer. Also, this study revealed that the seasonal cycles of CO are maximum in spring and minimum in summer with average concentrations ranging from 118ppbv to 170ppbv. The monthly average of CO shows a similar profile to those of O3. This fact clearly indicates that the high concentration of CO in spring is caused by two possible causes: the photochemical CO production in the troposphere, or the transport of the CO in the northeast Asia. The CO and $O_3$ seasonal cycles in the Northeast Asia are influenced extensively by the seasonal exchange of the different types of air mass due to the Asian monsoon. The continental air masses contain high concentrations of $O_3$ and CO due to higher continental background concentrations and sometimes due to the contribution of regional pollution. In summer the transport pattern is reversed. The Pacific marine air masses prevail over Korea, so that the marine air masses bring low concentrations of CO and $O_3$, which tend to give the apparent minimum in summer.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2004년도 Proceedings of ISRS 2004
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• pp.182-183
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• 2004

Atmospheric carbon monoxide (CO) and ozone $(O_3)$ play the important trace gases in tropospheric chemistry, through its concentration in the troposphere directly influences the concentrations of tropospheric hydroxyl (OH). Understanding the impact of CO and $O_3$ on the global tropospheric chemistry requires measurements of the global atmospheric CO and $O_3$ distributions. This study focuses on the identification of CO and O3 released in the East Asia between March 2000 and February 2004. During the period, the MOPITT instrument onboard the Earth Observing System (EOS)-Terra platform collected extensive measurement of CO. So we have used MOPITT data at 700hPa to analyze seasonal distribution of CO concentration. And the O3 measurements for this study were Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) and Dobson spectrometer provided NASA/GSFC and Yonsei University, Korea. During springtime, the CO and O3 concentrations were increased over East Asia for April, May, and June. CO and O3 transport and chemistry in the springtime in East Asia are studied by use of the HYbrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2003년도 Proceedings of ACRS 2003 ISRS
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• pp.615-617
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• 2003

Carbon monoxide (CO) is one of the important trace gases because its concentration in the troposphere directly influences the concentrations of tropospheric hydroxyl (OH), which controls the lifetimes of tropospheric trace gases. CO traces the transport of global and regional pollutants from industrial activities and large scale biomass burning. The distributions of CO were analyzed using the MOPITT data for East Asia, which were compared with the ozone distributions. In general, seasonal CO variations are characterized by a peak in the spring, which decrease in the summer. The monthly average for CO shows a similar profile to that for O$_3$. This fact clearly indicates that the high concentration of CO in the spring is possibly due to one of two causes: the photochemical production of CO in the troposphere, or the transport of the CO into East Asia. The seasonal cycles for CO and O$_3$ in East Asia are extensively influenced by the seasonal exchanges of different air mass types due to the Asian monsoon. The continental air masses contain high concentrations of O$_3$ and CO, due to the higher continental background concentrations, and sometimes to the contribution from regional pollution. In summer this transport pattern is reversed, where the Pacific marine air masses that prevail over Korea bring low concentrations of CO and O$_3$, which tend to give the apparent summer minimums.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.47-55
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• 2011

Variations in ambient atmospheric carbon monoxide(CO) observed at an inland mining site in the Indo-Gangetic plains, Jaduguda ($22^{\circ}38'N$, $86^{\circ}21'E$, 122m MSL, ~75 km away from the coast of the Bay of Bengal) during the Tsunami of 26 December 2004 were monitored. CO mixing ratio over this site was measured using a non-dispersive infrared analyzer (Monitor Europe Model 9830 B). Back trajectory analysis data obtained using NOAA Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) Model was also used for this study. Variations in CO mixing ratio at a coastal site, Thiruvananthapuram ($8^{\circ}29'N$, $76^{\circ}57'E$, located ~2 km from the Arabian Sea coast) have also been investigated using CO data retrieved from the Measurement Of Pollution In The Troposphere (MOPITT) instrument. Ground-based measurements indicated abnormal variations in CO mixing ratio at Jaduguda from 25 December 2004 evening (previous day of the Tsunami). MOPITT CO data showed an enhancement in CO mixing ratio over Thiruvananthapuram on the Tsunami day. Back trajectory analyses over Thiruvananthapuram and Jaduguda for a period of 10 days from $21^{st}$ to $30^{th}$ December 2004 depicted that there were unusual vertical movements of air from high altitudes from 25 December 2004 evening. CO as well as the back trajectory analyses data showed that the variations in the wind regimes and consequently wind driven transport are the most probable reasons for the enhancement in CO observed at Jaduguda and Thiruvananthapuram during the Tsunami.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.417-430
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• 2014

본 연구는 현재 NASA에서 제공되는 operational OMI HCHO 관측 값에서 에러를 발견하여, 월평균 HCHO 자료의 시계열에 4 차 다항식을 피팅함으로써 구한 배경 모수화(parameterization)값을 이용하여 OMI HCHO 자료의 보정을 수행하였다. 보정후의 OMI HCHO는 동태평양과 서태평양 지역에서 -1.48%, 0.65%/year 경향성을 보였으며 이 수치는 GOME(-0.99%, 1.1%/year)과 SCAIMACHY(-0.92%, 0.03%/year)의 경향성과 유사한 결과이며 적절하게 비정상적인 배경 HCHO 농도의 증가가 제거되었음을 나타낸다. 이 자료의 검증과 분석은 EOF와 SVD 통계적 분석 방법을 사용하여 아프리카 지역에서 다양한 위성 관측 값과의 (HCHO, CO, $NO_2$ 그리고 firecount) 시공간 변동성의 일치성을 비교 분석함으로써 수행되었다. 아프리카에서 MOPITT CO, OMI $NO_2$, SCIAMAHCY 그리고 OMI HCHO의 EOF와 SVD 분석 결과는 생태계화재(biomass burning)의 시공간 변동성 분포와 매우 높은 일치성을 보여준다. 그러나 OMI HCHO 관측 값은 화재가 가장 강하게 발생하는 지역의 풍하측에서 최대 값이 보이며, 화재 발생이 가장 높은 1월에 다소 낮은 HCHO 값이 보이는 등 시공간적으로 생태계 화제 분포와 차이를 보인다. 이것의 원인으로 우리는 이 지역의 열대우림의 식물활동(biogenic activity)영향으로는 설명할 수 없고, biomass burning 에어로졸에 의한 잘못된 AMF 계산이 OMI HCHO 산출에 사용됨으로써 발생한 오차라는 것을 밝혔다. AMF와 관련된 오차가 적절하게 보정된다면, 아프리카 지역의 HCHO 시공간 변동성은 생태계 화제의 변동성을 따를 것이라 예상된다. 따라서 본 연구는 통계적 기법이 위성 자료를 평가하는데 매우 효율적인 방법임을 제안한다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.475-489
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• 2010

In order to verify the enhancement of ozone and carbon monoxide (CO) during springtime in East Asia, we investigated weather conditions and data from remote sensors, air quality models, and air quality monitors. These include the geopotential height archived from the final (FNL) meteorological field, the potential vorticity and the wind velocity simulated by the Meteorological Mesoscale Model 5 (MM5), the back trajectory estimated by the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model, the total column amount of ozone and the aerosol index retrieved from the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS), the total column density of CO retrieved from the Measurement of Pollution in the Troposphere (MOPITT), and the concentration of ozone and CO simulated by the Model for Ozone and Related Chemical Tracers (MOZART). In particular, the total column density of CO, which mightoriginate from the combustion of fossil fuels and the burning of biomass in China, increased in East Asia during spring 2000. In addition, the enhancement of total column amounts of ozone and CO appeared to be associated with both the upper cut-off low near 500 hPa and the frontogenesis of a surface cyclone during a weak Asian dust event. At the same time, high concentrations of ozone and CO on the Earth's surface were shown at the Seoul air quality monitoring site, located at the surface frontogenesis in Korea. It was clear that the ozone was invaded by the downward stretched vortex anomalies, which included the ozone-rich airflow, during movement and development of the cut-off low, and then there was the catalytic photochemical reaction of ozone precursors on the Earth's surface during the day. In addition, air pollutants such as CO and aerosol were tracked along both the cyclone vortex and the strong westerly as shown at the back trajectory in Seoul and Busan, respectively. Consequently, the maxima of ozone and CO between the two areas showed up differently because of the time lag between those gases, including their catalytic photochemical reactions together with the invasion from the upper troposphere, as well as the path of their transport from China during the weak Asian dust event.