• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.70-75
• /
• 1992

This study was carried out to investigate the characteristics of a mutant, Pseudomonas maltophilia H-8M selected with the treatment of Pseudomonas maltophilia H-8 by N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine(MNNG). This mutant showed highest ability of cadmium accumulation. The growth rate of Pseudomonas maltophilia H-8M showed about 80% in 1000ppm Cd containing medium when compare with control for 36h at $30^{\circ}C$. Pseudomonas maltophilia H-8M not inhibited on the growth in addition of various heavy metal such as $Hg^{2+}$, $Zn^{2+}$, $Pb^{2+}$, $Cu^{2+}$, $Cr^{2+}$ and $Co^{2+}$, but inhibited in $Sn^{2+}$ containing medium, respectively. Pseudomonas maltophilia H-8M was accumulated the highest cadmium level of 62.3% on whole cell in the medium containing 50 ppm and 80% of accumulated cadmium was distributed in the cell wall.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.25 no.6
• /
• pp.1062-1068
• /
• 1996

This study was Performed to determine the effects of antimutagenicity and anticancer of Taxus cuspidata produced in Korea. Extracts of Taxus cuspidata were obtained from leaves, barks and roots. All the samples tested had no effects on the mutagenicity by Ames test using Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 or rec-assay using Bacillus subtilis Hl7 and M45 strains. However the treatment of 50$\mu\textrm{g}$/plate of Taxus cuspidata extracts showed strong antimutagenicity with 98% inhibition against TA100 induced by MNNG and with 98% inhibition against TA98 and TA100 induced by 4NQO whereas 73~89% and 16~60% antimutagenic effect were shown against both strain induced by Trp-P-1 and $Benzo(\alpha)pyrene,$ respectively. The treatment of $0.5$\mu\textrm{g}$/{\mu}\ell$ root extracts had the highest cytotoxicity with 90% against liver cancer cell, Hep 3B, followed by bark extracts(87%) and leave extracts(72%), whereas $0.5$\mu\textrm{g}$/{\mu}\ell$ treatment of Taxus cuspidata extract had only 22~36% cytotoxicity on human normal liver cell WRL 68.

• Proceedings of the Ginseng society Conference
• /
• 1980.09a
• /
• pp.87-113
• /
• 1980

This experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of Korean ginseng extract on carcinogenesis induced by various chemical carcinogens. Red ginseng extract was used for this study and was administered orally to the experimental animals. Carcinogens that were injected in subscapsular region of ICR newborn mice within 24 hours after birth were 9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzan-thracene (DMBA), urethane, N-2-fluorenylacetamide(AAF), aflatoxin $B_1$ and tobacco smoke condensate. N -methyl-N -nitroso-N'-nitroguani-dine(MNNG) was injected subcutaneously at the back of wistar rats. Experimental animals were autopsied in immediately after being sacrificed. All major organs were examined grossly and weighted. After fixation histopathological preparations were made for microscopical study. Following results were obtained. In DMBA group sacrificed at the 26th week after the treatment with DMBA, the incidence of lung adenoma was $77\%$ and the average number of the tumor was 17. However, in DMBA combined with red ginseng group, the incidence was $78\%$ and the average number of lung adenoma was 14.1. This indicates that ginseng extract had no effect on the incidence of lung adenoma but decreased the average number of lung adenoma by $17\%.$ In DMBA group sacrificed at the 48th week after the injection of DMBA, the lung adenoma incidence was $88\%.$ The average diameter of the largest lung adenoma was 3.5 cm, the incidence of diffuse pulmonary infiltration was $18\%$ and the average lung weight of male experimental mice was $528.2{\pm}469.1\;gm.$ On the other hand, in DMBA combined with red ginseng group sacrificed at the 48th week, the incidence of lung adenoma was $96\%.$ The average diameter of the largest adenoma was 2.7 cm, the incidence of diffuse pulmonary infiltration was $7\%$ and the average lung weight of male mice was $418.0{\pm}520\;gm.$ These observations show that ginseng extract did not have any inhibitory effect on the incidence of lung adenoma but decreased the average diameter of the largest lung adenoma by $23\%,$ the incidence of duffuse pulmonary infiltration by $63\%$ and the average lung weight of male experimental mice by $21\%.$ From these results we have found that the prolonged administration with ginseng extract showed no inhibitory effect on the incidence of adenoma but it had the inhibitory effect on the proliferation of lung adenomas induced by DMBA. In urethane group sacrificed at the 28th week after the injection of urethane, the incidence of lung adenoma was $94\%$ and the average number of lung adenoma was 8.6. In urethane combined with red ginseng group, the. incidence of lung adenoma was $73\%$ and the average number of adenoma was 6.0. These results indicate that there were $22\%$ decrease of the lung adenoma incidence and $31\%$ decrease of the average number of adenoma in urethane combined with red ginseng group. And in urethane group sacrificed at the 50th week, the incidence of lung adenoma was $98\%$ and the incidence of diffuse pulmonary infiltration was $14\%$. In urethane combined with ginseng group the incidence of lung adenoma was $85\%$ and the incidence of diffuse pulmonary infiltration was $12\%$. Therefore the ginseng administration resulted in $15\%$ decrease of the lung adenoma incidence and $14\%$ decrease of the diffuse pulmonary infiltration incidence. From these results we knew that the prolonged administration with ginseng extract inhibited the incidence and also the proliferation of the lung adenoma induced by urethane. Lung adenoma and hepatoma were induced in the experimental mice sacrificed at the 68th week but not in the experimental mice sacrificed at the 28th week after the injection of AAF. In AAF group sacrificed at the 68th week after the injection of AAF the incidence of lung adenoma was $18\%$ and the incidence of hepatoma was $27\%$. And in AAF combined with ginseng group the lung adenoma incidence was $12\%$ and the hepatoma incidence was $37\%$. So the ginseng seemed to decrease the lung adenoma incidence by AAF, but we were unable to conclude the significant inhibitory effect of the ginseng extract on the incidence of lung adenoma by AAF because the above incidence of lung adenoma were similar to that of control group which was $11\%$. And these experimental data revealed that ginseng extract didn't have any inhibitory effect on the incidence of hepatoma induced by AAF. In aflatoxin $B_1$ group sacrificed at the 56th week, the incidence of lung adenoma was $24\%$ and hepatoma was $11\%$. However in aflatoxin $B_1$ combined with ginseng group the incidence of lung adenoma was $17\%$ and hepatoma was $3\%$ These results indicate that there were $29\%$ decrease of the lung adenoma incidence and $75\%$ decrease of the hepatoma incidence in aflatoxin $B_1$ combined with ginseng group. In tobacco smoke condensate experimental group sacrificed at 67th week, no tumors were induced except just a few lung adenoma. The lung adenoma incidence both in tobacco smoke condensate group and in tobacco smoke condensate combined with ginseng group was $8\%$. And this incidence rate was similar to that of control group. These results indicate that the injection of 320 ug tobacco smoke condensate per ICR newborn mouse was unable to induce lung adenoma in our experiments. In MNNG group sacrificed at the 27th week the tumor incidence was $38.5\%$ and in MNNG combined with ginseng extract group was $37\%$. In MNNG group for investigation of the life span of tumor bearing rats the tumor incidence was $93\%$ and the average life span of tumor bearing rats was 318 days. And in MNNG combined with ginseng extract group the tumor incidence was $96\%$ and the average life span was 337 days. Tumor induced by MNNG was almost sarcoma. This indicates that there was no inhibitory effect of ginseng extract on the tumor incidence, but the extract prolonged the average life span of tumor bearing rats by approximately 19 days.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
• /
• v.14 no.3
• /
• pp.288-293
• /
• 2004

This study was carried out to determine the antimutagenic and anticancer effects of fermented soybean using Ames test and cytotoxicity, respectively. The ethyl acetate fraction (200 g/plate) of fermented soybean in the Salmonella typhimurium TA100 strain showed 86.6% of inhibition rate against the mutagenesis induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine(MNNG). In addition, the suppression of ethyl acetate fraction with same concentration of fermented soybean in the Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TAI00 strains showed 82.4% and 90.8% inhibition against 3-amino-l,4-dimethyl-5H-pyrido-(4,3-b)indol (Trp-P-l), respectively. The cytotoxicity effects of fermented soybean against the cell lines with human lung carcinoma (A549), human gastric carcinoma (AGS) and human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) were inhibited with the increase of the extract concentration. The treatment of 1.0 mg/mL ethyl acetate fraction of fermented soybean showed strong cytotoxicities of 71.6%, 91.5% and 80.7% against A549, AGS and MCF-7, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.29 no.2
• /
• pp.322-328
• /
• 2000

This study was performed to determine the antimutagenic and cytotoxic effect of the Phellinus linteus methanol extract on Salmonella typhimurium TA98, TA100 and human cancer cell lines. In the Ames test, methanol extract of P. linteus alone did not exhibit any mutagenicity but showed substantial inhibitory effects against mutation induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine(MNNG), 4-nitroquinoline-nitroquinoline-1-oxide(4NQO), 3-amino-1,4-dimethyl-5H-pyrdo[4,3-blindol(Trp-P-1) and benzo(α)pyrene(B(α)P). The methanol extracts of P. linteus(200㎍/plate) showed approximately 78.3%, 78.7% and 88.1% inhibitory effect on the mutagenesis induced by 4NQO, Trp-P-1 and B(α)P. The anticancer effects of P. linteus extract against human breast adenocarcinoma(MCF7), human lung carcinoma (A549), human fibrosarcoma (HT1080), human hepatocelular carcinoma (Hep3B) and human epitheloid carcinoma (HeLa) were investigated. The treatment of 1mg/mL P. linteus extracts had the highest cytotoxicity against MCF7 (92.0%), followed by Hep3B (84.9%), A549 (84.2%) and HT1080 (82.9%). In contrast 1mg/mL treatment of P. linteus extracts had only 10∼40% cytotoxicity on normal human liver cell (WRL68).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.33 no.9
• /
• pp.1432-1438
• /
• 2004

This study investigated the inhibitory effect of methanol extracts and several solvent fractions from doen-jang on mutagenicity using in vitro SOS chromotest and in vivo Drosophila mutagenic system. In order to determine an antimutagenic effect of doenjang methanol extracts, other soybean fermented foods and original materials were compared. The treatment of doenjang methanol extracts (100 ${\mu}$/assay) to SOS chromotest system inhibited N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) induced mutagenicity by 87~97% and showed higher antimutagenic effect than other fermented foods. Among solvent fractions from doenjang methanol extracts, the ethylacetate and dichloromethane fractions showed the stronger antimutagenic effect (91% and 95%, respectively) in SOS chromotest. In Drosophila mutagenic system, the treatment of ethylacetate fraction (5%/bottle) significantly inhibited aflatoxin $B_1$ induced mutagenicity by 97%. These results demonstrated that doenjang had an inhibitory effect to mutagenic agents in both in vitro and in vivo mutagenic systems, suggesting that its antimutagenic effect may be due to active compounds in the ethylacetate fraction from doenjang methanol extracts.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.38 no.1
• /
• pp.25-31
• /
• 2009

This study was carried out to investigate the mutagenic, antimutagenic, cytotoxicity and antitumor effects of Adenophora triphylla (AT). AT was extracted with 70% ethanol and then further fractionated to hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol and water. Antimutagenic, cytotoxicity and antitumor effects of AT extracts were measured by using Ames test, SRB method, and the tumor growth inhibition test. AT extracts did not show any mutagenicity in the Ames test; however, 70% ethanol extracts and its fractions had strong antimutagenic effects against mutation induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) and 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO). The ethyl acetate fraction of AT (200 ${\mu}g$/plate) showed approximately 66.5% inhibitory effect on the mutagenesis induced by 4NQO against TA98 strain, whereas 83.3% and 75.1% inhibitions were observed on the mutagenesis induced by MNNG and 4NQO against TA100 strain. In anticancer effects, the cytotoxicity of AT extract and its fractions against cancer cell lines including human cervical adenocarcinoma (HeLa), human hepatocellular carcinoma (Hep3B), human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7), human gastric carcinoma (AGS), human lung carcinoma (A549) and transformed primary human embryo kidney (293) were investigated. The treatment of 1 mg/mL AT ethyl acetate faction had the highest cytotoxicity of 79.9%, 74.9%, 66.0%, 71.0% and 74.3% against HeLa, Hep3B, MCF-7, AGS and A549 cells, respectively. In contrast, the extract and its fractions showed only $3{\sim}36%$ cytotoxicity for a normal human kidney cell line (293). In vivo anti-cancer effect of Adenophora triphylla extract was tested using Balb/c mice transplanted sarcoma-180 cells. Adenophora triphylla ethyl acetate fraction showed the highest inhibition rate of 37.2% at the 50 mg/kg concentration.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.49 no.2
• /
• pp.91-96
• /
• 2006

Antioxidant activities and biological properties such as antimutagenic and cytotoxic effect of Phellinus linteus extracts from different extraction conditions were measured against Salmonella typhimurium and human cancer cell lines. DPPH free radical scavenging activities of the extracts were higher in the solutions extracted with ethanol (17.14) and ethanol after water (17.79), respectively. In the Ames test, ethanol extract of P. linteus alone did not exhibit any mutagenicity but showed substantial inhibitory effect against mutations induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO), and benzo $({\alpha})$ pyrene $(B({\alpha})P)$. The extracts of ethanol and ethanol after water of P. linteus $(200\;{\mu}g/plate)$ had the highest inhibitory effect of 61.5 and 60.9%, respectively, on the mutagenesis on S. typhimurium TA98 strain induced by $B({\alpha})P$. Extracted solutions of ethanol and ethanol after water of P. linteus showed high antimutagenic effect against MNNG, 4NQO, Trp-P-1 and $B({\alpha})P$, causing mutations in S. typhimurium TA100 strain. The anticancer effects of P. linteus extracts were investigated against human fibrosarcoma HT-29 and human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2. The treatment of 0.5 mg/ml of ethanol, ethanol after water and water extracts of P. linteus had the highest cytotoxicity of 59, 57, 54%, respectively against HT-27 cell line, whereas low cytotoxicity effects were observed against HepG2 cell line in the range of $10{\sim}30%$. The ethanol and water extracts of P. linteus also showed the nitrate scavenging ability at different pHs. The ethanol extract showed higher nitrate-scavenging ability compared to water extract of P. linteus.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.36 no.5
• /
• pp.515-520
• /
• 2007

This study was peformed to determine the antioxidative, antimutagenic and cytotoxic effects of the natural seasoning using Lentinus edodes powder (NSLP) by DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) free radical donating method, Ames test, and cytotoxicity, respectively. The scavenging effect on DPPH radical in ethyl acetate fraction of NSLP showed $155{\mu}g\;of\;RC_{50}$. The direct antimutagenic effects of ethanol extract and its solvent fractions of NSLP were examined by Ames test using Salmonella Typhimurium TA98 and TA100. In the Ames test, ethanol extract of NSLP alone did not exhibit any mutagenicity and most of the samples showed high antimutagenic effects against mutation induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitroso guanidine (MNNG) and 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO). Ethyl acetate fraction of NSLP ($200{\mu}g/plate$) showed approximately 82% inhibitory effect on the mutagenesis induced by 4NQO against TA98 strain, whereas 84% and 80% inhibitions were observed on the mutagenesis induced by 4NQO and MNNG against TA100 strain. In anticancer effects of ethanol extract and its solvent fractions of NSLP against cancer cell lines including human lung carcinoma (A549), human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7), human hepatocellular carcinoma (Hep3B), human cervical adenocarcinoma (HeLa) and human gastric carcinoma (AGS) were investigated. The treatment of 1 mg/mL ethyl acetate fraction of NSLP showed strong cytotoxicity of 56.7%, 84.9%, 64.6%, 85.1% and 71.5% against A549, MCF-7, Hep3B, HeLa and AGS, respectively. In contrast 1 mg/mL treatment of NSLP extract and its solvent fractions had only $4{\sim}40%$ cytotoxicity on human transfomed primary embryonal kidney cell (293). From this result, it is suggested that NSLP is believed to have possible antioxidative, antimutagenic and anticancer capacities.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.37 no.4
• /
• pp.416-421
• /
• 2008

This study was performed to determine the antimutagenic and anticytotoxic effects of soybean paste (doenjang) added deep sea water salt and see tangle in Salmonella Typhimurium TA98, TA100 and human cancer cell lines. In the Ames test, methanol extract of doenjang did not exhibit any mutagenicity but showed substantial inhibitory effects against mutation induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) and 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO). The methanol extracts of doenjang ($200{\mu}g$/plate) added deep sea salt and see tangle (doenjang C) showed approximately 89.1% and 70% inhibitory effect on the mutagenesis induced by MNNG and 4NQO against TA100 strain, whereas 84.4% inhibitions were observed on the mutagenesis induced by 4NQO against TA98 strain. The cytotoxic effects of doenjang methanol extracts against the cell lines with human cervical adenocarcinoma (HeLa), human hepatocellular carcinoma (Hep3B), human gastric carcinoma (AGS), human lung carcinoma (A549) and human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) were inhibited with the increase of the extract concentration. The treatment of 1.0 mg/mL doenjang C of methanol extracts showed strong cytotoxicities of 71%, 74.4%, 66.2%, 77.3%, and 71.2% against HeLa, Hep3B, AGS, A549, and MCF-7, respectively. In contrast 1 mg/mL treatment of doenjang C methanol extracts had only $10{\sim}40%$ cytotoxicity on normal human embryonal kidney cell (293). Doenjang methanol extract inhibited significantly the tumor growth in mice injected sarcoma-180 cells. Especially, doenjang C methanol extract showed an inhibition of tumor cell activity of 33% by the administration of 25 mg/kg methanol extracts.