• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• v.55 no.6
• /
• pp.549-558
• /
• 2022

Objectives: Poor complementary feeding practices have consistently contributed to the burden of child undernutrition in Indonesia. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and predictors of the time of the introduction of solid, semi-solid, and soft foods (ISSSF), minimum dietary diversity (MDD), minimum meal frequency (MMF), and minimum acceptable diet (MAD). Methods: We analyzed 4804 last-born infants aged 6-23 months from the 2017 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey, which employed multistage cluster random sampling. The outcomes were calculated based on the 2021 World Health Organization/United Nations Children's Fund guidelines. The predictors of the 4 complementary feeding indicators were assessed using multivariate Poisson regression with robust variance adjusting for potential confounders and study design. Results: The prevalence of ISSSF, MDD, MMF, and MAD was 86.1%, 54.3%, 71.8%, and 37.6%, respectively, with younger children less likely to meet 3 out of the 4 outcomes. Parental education, the presence of a birth attendant, and maternal media consumption were among the predictors of MDD and MAD. Children from families with higher income were more likely to meet MDD than those from low-income households (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR], 1.16; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05 to 1.28). Living in an urban area was positively associated with MMF (aPR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.15) and MAD (aPR, 1.12; 95% CI 1.02 to 1.24). In eastern regions, the prevalence of children achieving MDD and MAD was lower than in those living in Java and Bali. Conclusions: It is crucial that more attention and efforts are made to improve the recommended practices throughout Indonesia, since the prevalence of adequate complementary feeding practices remains low.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.23 no.3
• /
• pp.344-348
• /
• 2006

A 5-year-old, male Yorkshire terrier dog was presented with progressive seizure and anorexia. Definitive diagnosis of necrotizing meningoencephalitis(NME) was made based on characteristic clinical features, brain lesion with MRI, and histopathologic examination. The dog was treated with prednisolone for 20 days, firstly. Prednisolone and mycophenolate mofetil(MMF) were then administered for 40 days following the initial therapy. However, the clinical signs were not improved and seizure frequency was increased. This patient survived around 2 months after diagnosis. This case report described the clinical findings, imaging characteristics and pathologic features of NME in a Yorkshire terrier with trial treatment using MMF.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers B
• /
• v.48 no.3
• /
• pp.97-103
• /
• 1999

This paper investigates reduction of acoustic noise and cogging torque in a BLDC motor with larger stator slot open width. Using energy method, cogging torque is analytically determined with airgap MMF function and airgap permeance function and confirmed by FEM analysis. It shows that the cogging torque is firstly governed by NL GNL BNL with the fundamental period of NL, where NL is the least common multiple of the number of slots and the number of poles, GNL, airgap permeance function and BNL, airgap MMF function. It also shows that there exist several tooth width which minimizes the cogging torque, for the motors that smaller slot open width or stator teeth notching is not available. And it proposes a teeth pairing with two different tooth width which can effectively eliminate the cogging torque and thus the acoustic noise. Experimental results show that the proposed teeth pairing reduces the cogging torque by 85% and the acoustic noise by 3.1dB.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
• /
• v.13C no.5 s.108
• /
• pp.659-668
• /
• 2006

Various schemes for mobility support are currently proposed in NGN. However the performance comparison of all existing schemes is not relatively examined as yet. Therefore, in this paper, we investigate the location registration and handover procedure of MIPv6, IP2, Q.MMF, IMS, compare and analyze the location registration time and cost and handover latency time using various performance parameters and simulation for the performance analysis. As a result of analysis, when Location Manager locates in the center of core network, IP2 showed better performance than other schemes.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.7-12
• /
• 2015

Up to ${\sim}520{\mu}J$ broadband mid-infrared (IR) supercontinuum (SC) generation in telecommunication multimode fiber (MMF) directly pumped by a $2.054{\mu}m$ nanosecond Q-switched Tm, $Ho:YVO_4$ laser is demonstrated. An average output power of 3.64 W is obtained in the band of ~1900 to ~2600 nm, and the corresponding optic-to-optic conversion efficiency is 67% by considering the coupling efficiency. The spectrum has extremely high flatness with negligible intensity variation (<2%) in the wavelength interval of ~2070 to ~2475 nm. The SC long-wavelength edge is limited by the silicon glass material loss, and by optimizing the MMF length, the SC spectrum could extend out to ${\sim}2.6{\mu}m$. The output SC pulse shapes are measured at different output powers, and no splits are found. The SC laser beam is nearly diffraction limited with an $M^2=1.15$ in $2.1{\mu}m$ measured by the traveling knife-edge method, and the laser beam spot is monitored by an infrared vidicon camera.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
• /
• v.38 no.4
• /
• pp.401-410
• /
• 2001

An adaptive Odd/Even Multi-shell Median Filter(Adaptive O/E MMF) is proposed by using a adaptive threshold strategy and odd/even multishells. This algorithm was verified in MATLAB and implemented on FPGA. The performance of the algorithm is evaluated by adding impulse noise and line missing into well-known images. A proposed adaptive threshold strategy may reduce the computation time and redundant arrangement. odd and even multishells can recover line missing of vertical and diagonal directions respectively Therefore, the algorithm proposed in this work can be effectively used in real time image processing applications.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
• /
• v.57 no.7
• /
• pp.1175-1180
• /
• 2008

Recently agriculture has been intelligenced and automatized because the number of agricultural population is reduced, and the various agricultural machine is developed and utilized actively, In these agricultural automation system, the solenoid valve is widely used for the supply of water and fertilizer to the plant and soil. In this solenoid valve system, AC excitation solenoid valve is widely used because of economic merit and simple system scheme. However, the instantaneous chattering vibration and noise of plunger caused by the alternative MMF variation is very important performance characteristics. In order to reduce vibration the DC excitation solenoid valve is sometimes applied for the high-end applications. In this case, the control circuit is essential to control DC excitation current. It may causes the cost increase and system complexity and it is not suitable for the outdoor agricultural machine. In this paper, the electromagnetic structural improvement of AC solenoid valve is studied to reduce the dynamic vibration and noise. As an economical solution, the shading coil is additionally implemented to the conventional solenoid valve. As a result of this study, the vibration and acoustic noise is largely reduced by the compensating MMF of shading coil and it is verified by the test of prototype.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics A
• /
• v.31A no.6
• /
• pp.88-97
• /
• 1994

We describe the design, fabrication, and performance of the optical fiber-photodiode 1$\times$12 arry module using mesa-type InS10.53T GaS10.47TAS/INP 1$\times$12 PIN photodiode array. We fabricated the PIN PD array for high-speed optical fiber parallel data link optimizing quantum efficiency, operating speed sensitivity from the PIN-FET structure, and electrical AC crosstalk. For each element of the array, the diameter of the photodetective area is 80 $\mu$m, the diameter of the p-metal pad is 90 $\mu$m, and the photodiode seperation is 250 $\mu$m to use Si v-groove. Ground conductor line is placed around diodes and p-metal pads are formed in zigzag to reduce Ac capacitance coupling between array elements. The dark current (IS1dT) is I nA and the capacitance(CS1pDT) is 0.9 pF at -5 V. No signifcant variations of IS1dT and CPD from element to element in the array were observed. We calulated the coupling efficiency for 10/125 SMF and 50/125 GI MMF, and measured the responsivity of the PD array at the wavelength is 1.55 $\mu$ m. Responsivities are 0.93 A/W for SMF and 0.96 A/W for MMF. The optical fiber-PD array module is useful in numerous high speed digital and analog photonic system applications.

• Coupled systems mechanics
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.97-111
• /
• 2017

The present paper reports an analytical study of delamination fracture in the Mixed Mode Flexure (MMF) functionally graded beam with considering the material non-linearity. The mechanical behavior of MMF beam is modeled by using a non-linear stress-strain relation. It is assumed that the material is functionally graded along the beam height. Fracture behavior is analyzed by the J-integral approach. Non-linear analytical solution is derived of the J-integral for a delamination located arbitrary along the beam height. The J-integral solution derived is verified by analyzing the strain energy release rate with considering the non-linear material behavior. The effects of material gradient, crack location along the beam height and material non-linearity on the fracture are evaluated. It is found that the J-integral value decreases with increasing the upper crack arm thickness. Concerning the influence of material gradient on the non-linear fracture, the analysis reveals that the J-integral value decreases with increasing the ratio of modulus of elasticity in the lower and upper edge of the beam. It is found also that non-linear material behavior leads to increase of the J-integral value. The present study contributes for the understanding of fracture in functionally graded beams that exhibit material non-linearity.

• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
• /
• 2000.07a
• /
• pp.521-524
• /
• 2000

The switched reluctance motor(SRM) drive system provides a good adjustable speed characteristics. However higher torque ripple are one of the few disadvantages of the SRM drives. The SRM would have to operated with an MMF waveform specified for switching angle and phase voltage. This paper proposes control modelling method using ANN(Artificial Neural Network) and GA(Genetic Algorithm) that are used to control switch-on angles and input voltage.