• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.41-51
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• 1985

This study has been to survey the present situation of satisfaction to the occupation and dental laboratory by means of selscting 200 dental technicians who are woked in Pusan, Deagu, Kwangju, Deajun. Questionaires were distributed to them and the summerized results were as follows; 1. In general, the dental technician's satisfaction of the occpation was revealed as moderate(Mn, 2.83), the dental technician's satisfaction of the laboratory was revealas moderate(Mn, 2.80). The highest degree item out of the satisfaction of occpation was the outlook(Mn, 3.23), and the lowest degree item was the advancement and the rise to a high position(Mn, 2.22). The highest degree item out of the satisfaction of laboratory was dental material(Mn, 3.07), and the lowest degree item was the equipment of dust collection(Mn, 2.49) 2. By age, the highest degree item out of the satisfaction of occpation was 30 to 43 group(Mn, 3.28), 50 and over group was the lowest degree item(Mn, 2.89). The highest degree item out of the satisfaction of laboratory was 40 to 50 group(Mn, 3.10), the lowest degree item was 35 to 39 group(Mn, 2.88). 3. By school career, the satisfaction of occpation and dental laboratory were higher in the graduated college group than the graduated highschool group. 4. By personal health state, the highest degree item of the satisfaction of occpation was the health group(Mn, 3.25). The highest degree item of the satisfaction of laboratory was the unhealthy group(Mn, 3.07). 5. By religion, the satisfaction if iccupation of laboratory ws higher in the religious group than the non-religious group. 6. By job career, the highest degree item of occupation satisfaction was 15 to 20 years group(Mn, 3.27), the lowest degree item was 20 and over group(Mn, 3.02). The highest degree item out of the satisfaction of laboratory was 15 to 20 years group(Mn, 3.05), The lowest degree item was 7 to 10 years group (Mn, 2.90). 7. By job position, the highest degree item out of satisfaction of occupation was the chief of laboratory group(Mn, 3.33), the head of laboratory group was the lowest degree item(Mn, 3.07). The hightest degree item out of the satisfaction of laboratory was the head of laboratory group(Mn, 3.10), the lowest degree item was the chief of laboratory group(Mn, 2.88). 8. By the place of employment, the degree of occpational satisfaction by items was found that the highest degree in the group engagel in general hospital(Mm, 3.43), the group engaged in dental clinic and hospital(Mn. 3.24), and the dental laboratory group(Mn. 3.14) in order. The difference among the group was significant emough(P<0.05). The highest degree item out of the satisfaction of laboratory was dental laboratory group(Mn. 2.70). The difference among the group was significant emough(P<0.01). 9. By monthly salary, the highest degree item out of the satisfaction of occupation was ￦500,000 to 600,000 group(Mn. 3.32), the lowest degree item was ￦600,000 and over group(Mn, 3.07). The highest degree item out of the laboratory satisfaction was ￦100,000 to 200,000 group(Mn, 3.03), the lowest degree group was ￦300,000 to 400,000 group(Mn, 2.95). 10. As compared with the degree of satisfaction according to job satisfaction, the highest degree item out of the occupational satisfaction was much satisfied group(Mn, 3.65), the lowest degree item was non-satisfied group(Mn, 2.68). The difference among the group was significant enough(P<0.05). The highest degree item out of the satisfaction of laboratory was non-satisfied group(Mn, 30.9), the lowest degree item was satisfied group(Mn, 2.84). The difference among the group was significant enough(P<0.01).

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.318-323
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• 2008

Nokwon, a new cultivar for vegetable soybean, was developed from the cross between Keunolkong and Hyangnam-1 and released in 2006. The pedigree of Nokwon, designated as Milyang 153 in 2003, was SS96425-2B-11-4-1-1-1. Nokwon, used as a vegetable soybean was characterized by dark green pod, large seed, very short plant height, and lodging resistance. Nokwon has determinate growth habit, white flowers, gray pubescence, oval leaf shape and brown pods at maturity. The mature seeds have a greenish yellow seed coat with brown hilum and yellow cotyledon. In Korea, Regional Yield Trials (RYT) for vegetable soybean from 2004 to 2006, Nokwon shows strong tolerance to soybean mosaic virus and lodging in fields. Fresh pods of Nokwon harvested at the beginning of August, and stem height was 11cm shorter than 45 cm of Hwaeomputkong. In the same tests, fresh pod of Nokwon (11.4 ton/ha) yielded 14% higher than Hwaeomputkong (10.0 ton/ha). Nokwon had 5.9 cm fresh pod length, 13.1 mm fresh pod width, 75.4 g seed weight per 100 green seed, 39.4% green seed protein content, and 17.3% green seed oil content.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.95-108
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• 2011

The food quality characterization and safety Japanese flying fish roe (JFF-R), capelin roe (C-R), Pacific herring roe (PH-R) were investigated. The size of JFF-R was 1.48-1.93 mm, which was longer than those of C-R and PH-R. The moisture content of JFF-R imported from Peru (JFF-R-P) was 70.3%, which was higher than that of JFF-R imported from China (JFF-R-C) (67.4%), while was lower than that of JFF-R imported from Indonesia (JFF-R-I) (83.3%). However, the salinity of JFF-R-P was 13.6%, which was lower than that of JFF-R-C, while was higher that of JFF-R-I (1.8%). The moisture contents and salinities of the other fish roes were 80.4% and 3.2%, respectively, for capalin roe, and 65.4% and 20.0%, respectively, for Pacific herring roe. According to the results of pH, volatile basic nitrogen content, heavy metal content, viable cell count and coliform group, the fish roes could be used as sanitary sources for preparation of seasoned JFF-R. The major fatty acids of fish roes were 16:0 (27.8-30.5%), 18:1n-9 (7.2-8.0%), 20:5n-3 (5.6-8.2%) and 22:6n-3 (22.0-25.6%) in JFF-R, and 16:1n-7 (6.7-9.3%) as well as these fatty acids in C-R and PH-R. Total amino acid contents of fish roes ranged from 9.44 g/100 g to 10.39 g/100 g and their major amino acids were aspartic acid, glutamic acid, leucine and lysine. The mineral content of JFF-R were higher than those of the other fish roes expected for zinc of JFF-R-I. According to the results of sensory evaluation, the color and texture of JFF-R-P were superior to those of the other fish roes. No difference was, however, found in flavor, among JFF-R-P and the other fish roes.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2015.05a
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• pp.237-237
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• 2015

The district of Marlborough has had more than its share of river management projects over the past 150 years, each one uniquely affecting the geomorphology and flood hazard of the Wairau Plains. A major early project was to block the Opawa distributary channel at Conders Bend. The Opawa distributary channel took a third and more of Wairau River floodwaters and was a major increasing threat to Blenheim. The blocking of the Opawa required the Wairau and Lower Wairau rivers to carry greater flood flows more often. Consequently the Lower Wairau River was breaking out of its stopbanks approximately every seven years. The idea of diverting flood waters at Tuamarina by providing a direct diversion to the sea through the beach ridges was conceptualised back around the 1920s however, limits on resources and machinery meant the mission of excavating this diversion didn't become feasible until the 1960s. In 1964 a 10 m wide pilot channel was cut from the sea to Tuamarina with an initial capacity of $700m^3/s$. It was expected that floods would eventually scour this 'Wairau Diversion' to its design channel width of 150 m. This did take many more years than initially thought but after approximately 50 years with a little mechanical assistance the Wairau Diversion reached an adequate capacity. Using the power of the river to erode the channel out to its design width and depth was a brilliant idea that saved many thousands of dollars in construction costs and it is somewhat ironic that it is that very same concept that is now being used to deal with the aggradation problem that the Wairau Diversion has caused. The introduction of the Wairau Diversion did provide some flood relief to the lower reaches of the river but unfortunately as the Diversion channel was eroding and enlarging the Lower Wairau River was aggrading and reducing in capacity due to its inability to pass its sediment load with reduced flood flows. It is estimated that approximately $2,000,000m^3$ of sediment was deposited on the bed of the Lower Wairau River in the time between the Diversion's introduction in 1964 and 2010, raising the Lower Wairau's bed upwards of 1.5m in some locations. A numerical morphological model (MIKE-11 ST) was used to assess a number of options which led to the decision and resource consent to construct an erodible (fuse plug) bank at the head of the Wairau Diversion to divert more frequent scouring-flows ($+400m^3/s$)down the Lower Wairau River. Full control gates were ruled out on the grounds of expense. The initial construction of the erodible bank followed in late 2009 with the bank's level at the fuse location set to overtop and begin washing out at a combined Wairau flow of $1,400m^3/s$ which avoids berm flooding in the Lower Wairau. In the three years since the erodible bank was first constructed the Wairau River has sustained 14 events with recorded flows at Tuamarina above $1,000m^3/s$ and three of events in excess of $2,500m^3/s$. These freshes and floods have resulted in washout and rebuild of the erodible bank eight times with a combined rebuild expenditure of $80,000. Marlborough District Council's Rivers & Drainage Department maintains a regular monitoring program for the bed of the Lower Wairau River, which consists of recurrently surveying a series of standard cross sections and estimating the mean bed level (MBL) at each section as well as an overall MBL change over time. A survey was carried out just prior to the installation of the erodible bank and another survey was carried out earlier this year. The results from this latest survey show for the first time since construction of the Wairau Diversion the Lower Wairau River is enlarging. It is estimated that the entire bed of the Lower Wairau has eroded down by an overall average of 60 mm since the introduction of the erodible bank which equates to a total volume of $260,000m^3$. At a cost of $$0.30/m^3$ this represents excellent value compared to mechanical dredging which would likely be in excess of $$10/m^3$. This confirms that the idea of using the river to enlarge the channel is again working for the Wairau River system and that in time nature's "excavator" will provide a channel capacity that will continue to meet design requirements.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.107-114
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• 2011

The manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum) is mainly distributed in the coastal area which consist of mud, sand and gravel, but they rarely live on the upper and down reaches of river. For a long time the manila clam has been inhabited in Taehwa river which has been exploited as a traditional earning resources and has become as a major object by neighborhood fishermen. This study was undertaken to evaluate stock assessment and to build management implications with the ecological parameters in Taehwa river from June 2009 to June 2010. The maximum age of manila clam was determined to 6 years old from observing ring radius of shell, the length and weight relationship was TW = $0.0002SL^{3.063}$ ($R^2$ = 0.925). K and $L_{\infty}$ were respectively estimated 46.64 mm and 0.341/year by von Bertalanffy growth. The instantaneous total mortality was estimated to be 1.171/year and the age at first capture was 1.37 years by the Pauly's method using shell length composition. The current total biomass of manila clam was calculated 1,483 mt over study area $1.46\;km^2$ by swept area method. ABC (Acceptable Biological Catch) estimates of manila clam showed 512 mt with using $F_{0.1}$. It's desirable to determine the optimum harvesting time as after main spawning season, as well as it's required to manage fisheries resources considering capture age and biomass through adjusting a first age at capture.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.34-59
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was performed to investigate the inhibiting effects of Gungguijohyeoleum on the development of experimentally-induced endometriosis in rats. Methods: Endometriosis was induced in rats by autotransplanting uterine tissue to the peritoneum and we divided them into three groups: (1) sham-operated group(n=8), (2) surgically induced endometriosis and untreated control group(n=8), (3) surgically induced endometriosis and Gungguijohyeoleum treated group(n=8), Gungguijohyeoleum was orally administrated for 15 days after operation. Then we measured the body weight, the volumes of endometriotic implants, the weight of uterus and ovary, and investigated the concentrations of cytokines(MCP-1, $TNF-{\alpha}$, $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6) in peritoneal fluids. Histopathology, immunohistochemistry for COX-2 and VEGF, and histochemistry for mast cell in transplanted uterine tissue were performed. Results: - The volume ($mm^3$) of endometriotic implants in Gungguijohyeoleum treated group ($76.4{\pm}24.5$) was significantly decreased(p<0.05) compared with control group($222.1{\pm}109.1$). - The concentration (pg/ml) of MCP-1 in peritoneal fluids in Gungguijohyeoleum treated group ($1060.8{\pm}280.8$) was significantly decreased(p<0.05) compared with control group($1412.5{\pm}345.7$). - The concentration (pg/ml) of $TNF-{\alpha}$ in peritoneal fluids in Gungguijohyeoleum treated group ($827.5{\pm}219.9$) was significantly decreased(p<0.01) compared with control group($1126.2{\pm}139.9$). - The concentration (pg/ml) of $IL-1{\beta}$ in peritoneal fluids in Gungguijohyeoleum treated group($83.4{\pm}9.0$) was significantly decreased(p<0.01) compared with control group($105.3{\pm}17.6$). - The concentration (pg/ml) of IL-6 in peritoneal fluids in Gungguijohyeoleum treated group($108.9{\pm}15.7$) was decreased compared with control group($122.8{\pm}19.3$). - Histopathologically, proliferation of endometriotic epithelia, infiltration of inflammatory cells and angiogenesis in transplanted uterine tissue of Gungguijohyeoleum treated group were weakly observed than those of control group. - The percentage(%) of positive epithelial layers for COX-2 in Gungguijohyeoleum treated group($56.8{\pm}12.8$) was significantly decreased(p<0.01) compared with control group($75.1{\pm}16.3$). -The VEGF expression of endometriotic epithelia, neovascular endothelia and stromal cells in transplanted uterine tissue of Gungguijohyeoleum treated group was weakly observed than that of control group. - The numbers of mast cells in transplanted uterine tissue in Gungguijohyeoleum treated group($35.4{\pm}18.4$) were significantly decreased(p<0.01) compared with control group ($91.0{\pm}28.3$). Conclusion: On the basis of these results, we concluded that Gungguijohyeoleum has inhibiting effects on the development of transplanted uterine tissue. And these effects may be related with decreased production of MCP-1, $TNF-{\alpha}$, $IL-1{\beta}$, COX-2, VEGF and mast cells by administration of Gungguijohyeoleum.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.15 no.3 s.45
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• pp.139-153
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• 2006

For the characteristics of rock material and standardization, flagstones of the trifurcated path in Jongmyo Royal Shrine, registered as World Cultural Heritage, were studied on the basis of petrographic, petrochemical and magnetic properties. The flagstones are composed mainly of pale gray fine to medium grained hornblende biotite granite, pale gray fine to medium grained biotite granite, pale pink medium to coarse grained biotite granite, pink medium to coarse grained biotite granite and minor pegmatite and schist. Flagstone represents the average size of $65cm{\times}4cm$ (standard deviation $12cm{\times}7cm$) and suitable (34.7%), common (41.4%) and unsuitable (23%) in roughness. It is interpreted that pale pink and pink granite, pegmatite, schist and other flagstones with unsuitable state are not original rock materials and were exchanged during restoration, in the past. The number of these non-original rock materials is about 560 flagstones. We suggests that the standard flagstone of the trifurcated path is pale gray fine to medium grained biotite granite (${\pm}$hornblende in trace), 70wt.% in $SiO_2$, content, and ${\pm}0.1{\times}10^{-3}\;SI$ in magnetic susceptibility.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.310-316
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• 2005

This study was carried out to investigate the quality characteristics by packaging materials and storage temperature to predict safe storage period for milled rice. Mechanical taste value and whiteness of milled rices stored at room temperature were severely decreased than those of the stored at low temperature, but fat acidity and b value of those at room temperature was rapidly increased than those of stored at low temperature. Milled rice packed in LDPE film bag were smelled stale flavor after 4 months storage at room temperature, Hojinbyeo was not produced flour in the rice grain surface but Dongjinbyeo was showed production of flour. pH of milled rice of Dongjinbyeo and Hojinbyeo packed in LDPE film bag were the lowest showing 5.3 and 5.6, respectively after 6 months at mom temperature. Safe storage period of Dongjinbyeo and Hojinbyeo packed in craft paper bag were 1 month at room temperature, those of packed in LDPE film bag were 2 months. At low temperature safe storage period of Dongjinbyeo and Hojinbyeo packed in craft paper bag were 2 months, those of packed in LDPE film bag were 5 and 4 months, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.307-314
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• 1989

Barley, garlic, and soybean were cultivated in the silt loam, sandy loam, and loam, respectively, and the absorbing patterns of N, P, and K during growing of the crops were determined. While, the leaching of N, P, and K applied in the above soils in four levels of topsoil depths and in four leachate levels of excess precipitation was measured through the column. The depths of the soil were devised to 20, 35, 50, and 65cm, and the levels of excess water were classified to each leachate of 20, 40, 60, and 80mm precipitation, and nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium in each fraction of the leachate were analyzed. By the analyses of the chemical components during growth of the crops, their absorbing patterns of N, P, and K were investigated. The order of N-leachings in the soils was sandy loam > loam > silt loam, and the leaching of $K_2O$ was very similar to N. The leaching of $P_2O_5$ was slight in all kinds of the soils. By the combination of the absorbing patterns of the crops in three kinds of soils and the leaching of the nitrogen in four levels of soil depth and four levels of excess precipitation, the method to replace the nitrogen lost by leaching was presented.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.59-65
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• 2005

This study was performed to estimate the soil loss on a national scale and grade regions with the potential risk of soil erosion. Universal soil loss equation (USLE) for rainfall and runoff erosivity factors (R), cover management factors (C) and support practice factors (P) and revised USLE for soil erodibility factors (K) and topographic factors (LS) were used. To estimate the soil loss, the whole nation was divided into 21,337 groups according to city county, soil phase and land use type. The R factors were high in the southern coast of Gyeongnam and Jeonnam and part of the western coast of Gyeonggi and low in the inland and eastern coast of Gyeongbuk. The K factors were higher in the regions located on the lower streams of rivers and the plain lands of the western coast of Chungnam and Jeonbuk. The average slope of upland areas in Pyeongchang-gun was the steepest of 30.1%. The foot-slope areas from the Taebaek Mountains to the Sobaek Mountains had steep uplands. Total soil loss of Korea was estimated as $50{\times}10^6Mg$ in 2004. The potential risk of soil erosion in upland was the severest in Gyeongnam and the amount of soil erosion was the greatest in Jeonnam. The regions in which annual soil loss was estimated over $50Mg\;ha^{-1}$ were graded as "the very severe" and their acreage was $168{\times}10^3ha$ in 2004. The soil erosion maps of city/county of Korea were made based on digital soil maps with 1:25,000 scale.