• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.603-607
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of Carthami Flos on interstitial cells of Cajal in the gastrointestinal tract. Many regions of the tunica muscularis of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract display spontaneous contraction. These spontaneous contractions are mediated by periodic generation of electrical slow waves. Recent studies have shown that the interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) act as pacemakers and conductors of electrical slow waves in gastrointestinal smooth muscles. We investigated the cytotoxicity activity, antioxidant activity, and pacemaking activity. The cytotoxicity activity was measured by MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. Antioxidant activities were determined by DPPH (1.1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging capacity assay and DCFH-DA (2,7-dichlorofluorescein diacetate) method. The effects of Carthami Flos on the pacemaker potentials in cultured ICCs from murine small intestine were investigated by using whole-cell patch-clamp techniques at $30^{\circ}C$. The addition of Carthami Flos (5, 10, $30{\mu}g$/ml) depolarized the resting membrane potentials in a concentration dependent manner. These results suggest that the GI tract can be targets for Carthami Flos, and their interaction can affect intestinal motility.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.225-230
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• 1997

Background: Authors modified the traditional continuous axillary brachial plexus block technique of Selander for purpose of increasing success rate and decreasing complications by use of commercial epidural anesthesia set. Method: Thirty-nine patients scheduled for upper extremity operations were injected with 40 ml of anesthetic solution by axillary perivascular technique, using 23~25G immobile needle at 2 cm from the pectoralis major. Tuohy needle was immediately introduced at 4 cm from the pectoralis major and pierced the expanded neurovascular sheath at an angle of 30 degree to the skin. The "pop" was well noted well. Needle was advanced 0.5 to 3.0 cm and epidural catheter introduced through the needle. After removal of needle, occlusive dressing was done. Tip of catheter and spread of solution were demonstrated by fluoroscopy with contrast dye after completion of procedure. Result: Catheter insertion was successful at first attempt for all case. Total length of insertion was from 6 to 13($10.0{\pm}1.7$) cm. Tip of catheter was placed in infraclavicular space(66.7%), about the humeral head(17.9%) and in upper arm in 3 cases as U-shape(7.9%). Catheters were maintained for $6.7{\pm}2.6$(3-12) days. There were no complications such as: perforation of major vessels, needle trauma to nerve, infection, bleeding or hematoma. Conclusion: This study demonstrated continuous axillary brachial plexus block with epidural anesthesia set is safe, easy and convenient modification of technique of Selander.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.87-97
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• 1994

The ultimate goal of periodontal therapy is to fully reconstruct the periodontal attachment apparatus. Commonly used techniques for treatment of infrabony defects include a combination of root planing, curettage and root treatment. To prevent the apical migration of epithelial cells, the technique of guided tissue regeneration is used. The aim of this study is to compare the effects of root treatment with Citric acid & Tetracycline and Guided tissue regeneration in dogs. Experimental periodontitis was induced by the ligation of orthodontic elastic threads in the upper right and left premolars 3, 4 of five adult dogs for 6 weeks. 4 types of procedures were performed as follows; 1) Control graup : Mucoperiosteal flap 2) Experinental I : GTR used Gore-tex(R) membrane 3) Experinental II : Root treatment with citric acid (PHl) 4) Experinental III : Root treatment with tetracycline HCl (50mg/ml) There after, dogs were serially sacrificed at the 1, 2, 4, 5, 8 weeks, and the specimens were prepared, and stained with hematoxylin-eosin for the light microscopic evaluation. The results of this study were as follows; 1. Junctional epithelium reached to the notch through the furcation area in control group at 8 weeks. 2. In the aspects of the inflammatory cell infiltration, control group showed severe aggregation than experimental group I, II, III through the experimental period 3. New cementum was observed over the notch from 5 weeks in experimental group II 4. In the aspects of the amount of new bone formation, experimental group was better than control group, but there was not significant differences among the experimental group, I, II, III

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.1409-1418
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• 1998

The recent audio CODEC(Coding/Decoding) algorithms are complex of several coding techniques, and can be divided into DSP tasks, controller tasks and mixed tasks. The traditional DSP processor has been designed for fast processing of DSP tasks only, but not for controller and mixed tasks. This paper presents a new architecture that achieves high throughput on both controller and mixed tasks of such algorithms while maintaining high performance for DSP tasks. The proposed processor, YSP-3, operates four algorithms while maintaining high performance for DSP tasks. The proposed processor, YSP-3, operates functional units (Multiplier, two ALUs, Load/Store Unit) in parallel via 4-issue super-scalar instruction structure. The performance evaluation of YSP-3 has been done through the implementation of the several DSP algorithms and the part of the AC-3 decoding algorithms.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.81-90
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• 2011

Most antineoplastic agents are nonselective in their mechanism of action, affecting noncancerous as well as cancerous cells, and resulting in acute effects such as irritation of mucous membranes and chronic effects such as genotoxicity, teratogenicity, and carcinogenicity. Healthcare workers occupationally exposed to antineoplastic agents are at risk. The present study aimed to develop and apply methods to monitor occupational exposure to antineoplastic agents, using cyclophosphamide (CP) as the model compound. To monitor environmental and biological exposure, potentially contaminated surfaces were wiped and 24 hour urine samples were collected from workers. Liquid chromatography combined with tandem mass spectrometry was performed, with a limit of detection of 0.05 ng/ml. Measurable amounts of CP were detected on 92% of the sampled surfaces, with a geometric mean of 175.22 $ng/m^2$. Despite the environmental contamination of the model compound, CP was below the detection limit in all urine samples. If workplace contamination cannot be completely avoided, it is importance to reduce exposure to the lowest possible levels. To this aim, efforts to minimize occupational exposure along with biological and environmental monitoring are required. The standardized sampling techniques, and specific and sensitive analytical methods reported in this study may be helpful in assessing occupational exposure and devising strategies to reduce exposure.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.21-25
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• 1989

For the simple operations of the perineal region, caudal, epidural and saddle blocks of analgesia are preferable anesthesia techniques in men. But, if the operations shoud be delayed or the physicians are willing to observe and manipulate the patients for a couple of days, as in the ureteral stone manipulation, continuous epidural analgesia will be a reliable method. The authors have observed 36 male patients of ureteral calculi with continuous lumbar epidural analgesia for the purpose of elimination of an undesirable pain sensation which was associated with the transurethral cystoscopic manipulation. The results were as follows: 1) In most cases, the anesthetics used were 1% lidocaine 20 ml through the $L_{3-4}$ and $L_{4-5}$ interspace with 4~6cm of catheter tip advancement mainly to cephalad. 2) There was no motor weakness or paralysis in the lower extremities except some numbness and paresthesia on the perineal area. 3) Besides the various minor complications, there were no problems in respiration with small doses of morphine extradurally. 4) Among them, four cases of ureteral calculi dropped into the bladder spontaneously due to the epidural technique during transportation of the patients from the pain clinic to the urology out-clinic. One case of calculi was dropped by the aid of instrumentation at the ward, and twelve cases of calculi were removed directly by Dormia stone basket in the scopic room. For the remaining patients, we deduced that their calculi was be evacuated out because there were no complaints were notified after discharge.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.818-825
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• 2012

Keratinases are exciting keratin-degrading enzymes; however, there have been relatively few studies on their immobilization. A keratinolytic protease from Chryseobacterium sp. kr6 was purified and its partial sequence determined using mass spectrometry. No significant homology to other microbial peptides in the NCBI database was observed. Certain parameters for immobilization of the purified keratinase on chitosan beads were investigated. The production of the chitosan beads was optimized using factorial design and surface response techniques. The optimum chitosan bead production for protease immobilization was a 20 g/l chitosan solution in acetic acid [1.5% (v/v)], glutaraldehyde ranging from 34 g to 56 g/l, and an activation time between 6 and 10 h. Under these conditions, above 80% of the enzyme was immobilized on the support. The behavior of the keratinase loading on the chitosan beads surface was well described using the Langmuir model. The maximum capacity of the support ($q_m$) and dissociation constant ($K_d$) were estimated as 58.8 U/g and 0.245 U/ml, respectively. The thermal stability of the immobilized enzyme was also improved around 2-fold, when compared with that of the free enzyme, after 30 min at $65^{\circ}C$. In addition, the activity of the immobilized enzyme remained at 63.4% after it was reused five times. Thus, the immobilized enzyme exhibited an improved thermal stability and remained active after several uses.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.37C no.10
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• pp.1004-1010
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• 2012

In this paper, we propose the algorithm which considers applying recently proposed clock synchronization techniques with quite high accuracy in a few wireless sensor networks researches to time synchronization algorithm for multi-static radar system and especially overcomes the limitation of previous theory, cannot be applied between nodes in non-line of sight (NLOS). Proposed scheme estimates clock skew and clock offset using recursive robust least M-estimator with information of time stamp observations. And we improve the performance of algorithm by tracking and suppressing the time delays difference caused by NLOS system. Futhermore, this paper derive the mean square error (MSE) to present the performance of the proposed estimator and comparative analysis with previous methods.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.38A no.9
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• pp.782-791
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• 2013

This paper proposes the location estimation techniques of distributed targets with the multi-sensor data perceived through IR sensors of the military robots. In order to match up targets with measured azimuths, we apply the maximum likelihood (ML), depth-first, and breadth-first tree search algorithms, in which we use the measured azimuths and the number of pixels on IR screen for pruning branches and selecting candidates. After matching up targets with azimuths, we estimate the coordinate of each target by obtaining the intersection point of the azimuths with the least square error (LSE) algorithm. The experimental results show the probability of missing target, mean of the number of calculating nodes, and mean error of the estimated coordinates of the proposed algorithms.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.11
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• pp.95-100
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• 1969

마이야르반응(反應) 생성물(生成物)인 Premelanoidin 중(中) 주정발효(酒精醱酵)의 속도(速度)를 촉진(促進)하는 물질(物質)을 분리(分離)하기 위(爲)하여 양(陽)이온 교환수지를 이용(利用)하여 Premelanoidin을 fractionation하고 얻어진 각(各) fraction의 주정발효(酒精醱酵)의 활성(活性)여부를 시험(試驗)하였다. 양(湯)이온 교환수지로는 Dowex $50{\times}8$, 50-100을 사용(使用)하고 elution solvent로는 $2N-NH_4OH$ 용액(溶液)을 사용(使用)하였으며 얻어진 각(各) 5ml의 fraction은 냉동건조(冷凍乾操)해서 다시 본래(本來) 시료(試料)의 농도(濃度)(0.2N)로 희석하여 활성시험(活性試驗)에 사용(使用)하였다. Fractionation의 결과(結果)는 water filtrate 구(區)에 glucose, 5-HMF 및 소량(少量)의 갈색색소의 fraction을 얻었고 ammoniacal eluate 구(區)에 대부분(大部分)의 갈색색소와 glycine N-glycoside의 fraction을 얻을 수 있었다. 주정발효(酒精醱酵)의 활성(活性)은 glucose, 갈색색소 및 glycine-N-glycoside 구획에서 관찰할 수 있었으나 glucose 는 전(前) 실험(實驗)에서 활성(活性)이 없는 물질(物質)로 인정(認定)되었으며 본(本) 실험(實驗)에 나타난 활성(活性)은 Dowex 50에 의(依)한 fractionation 과정중 glucose 자체(自體)의 변질(變質)에 의(依)한 것으로 추측된다. 결국(結局) 활성물질(活性物質)이 존재(存在)하는 fraction은 Ammoniacal eluate 구(區)의 갈색색소 fraction과 glycine 및 N-glycoside를 함유하는 fraction이라고 인정(認定)된다.