• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.1689-1694
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• 2008

The ability to detect Salmonella spp. is essential in the prevention of foodborne illness. This study examined a Salmonella spp. detection method involving the application of immunomagnetic separation and immunoliposomes (IMS/IL) encapsulating sulforhodamine B (SRB), a fluorescent dye. A quantitative assay was conducted by measuring the fluorescence intensity of SRB that was produced from an immunomagnetic bead-Salmonella spp.-immunoliposome complex. The results indicated detection limits of $2.7{\times}10^{5}$ and $5.2{\times}10^{3}$ CFU/ml for Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) and Salmonella enterka subsp. enterka serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium), respectivley. The signal/noise ratio was improved by using 4% skim milk as a wash solution rather than 2% BSA. In addition, higher fluorescence intensity was obtained by increasing the liposome size. Compared with the conventional plating method, which takes 3-4 days for the isolation and identification of Salmonella spp., the total assay time of to h only including 6 h of culture enrichment was necessary for the Salmonella detection by IMS/IL. These results indicate that the IMS/ IL has great potential as an alternative rapid method for Salmonella detection.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.118-122
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• 2001

Complex regional pain syndrome type I of vascular origin is difficult to detect unless the classic symptoms and signs exist and/or overt extremity trauma has precipitated the pain. The diagnosis is confirmed by relief of pain following a sympathetic nerve blockade. A 36-year-old woman with arterial occlusive disease of the right lower extremity presented with burning pain and hyperesthesia after sprain had occurred which was accompanied by motor weakness of right ankle. A lumbar sympathetic ganglion blockade with 2% lidocaine 10 ml and triamcinolone 80 mg produced prompt improvement of the pain and motion.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.113-123
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• 1985

1. The weights of ovary and uternus in the all treated groups were lighter than those in control group showing significantly differences from 4 weeks after treatment. The significant was not recognized between PTU and Thx. groups, and Thyro. and control groups. 2. In the histological changes of ovary, follicles were disa, pp.ared and alignment of membrana granulosa disnitergration in cell change were serious in Thx. and PTU groups and slight in Thyro. group. 3. In the histological changes of uterus, endometrial epithelium and lamina propria were atrophied from 3 weeks after treatment in Thx. group, from 4 weeks in PTU groups and from 5 weeks in Thyro. group. Muscular layers were atrophied with time elapse in the all treated groups. 4. The changes of the concentrations of serum progesterone at all observation times in Thx. and PTU groups were significantly decreased in comparison with those in control group. While those in Thyro. group were significantly increased in comparison with those in control group. 5. The concentration of serum estradiol-17$\beta$ at all observation times in all experimental groups were below 27.2pg/ml. Therefore, we did not detect any changes of the concentrations.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.180-184
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• 2009

In this paper, the electrochemical non-enzyme immunosensor has been developed for the determination of salmonella antigen, using inverse voltammetry. For the estimation of salmonella antigen concentration, the $Fe_3O_4$ nanoparticles synthesized by microemulsion method were conjugated with salmonella antigen. Then, the immunocomplex between antibody immobilized on the transducer surface and antigen containing a magnetic nanoparticles was formed. From the linear relationship between the reduction peak current of Fe(III) and salmonella antigen concentration, it is suggested that the electrochemical non-enzyme biosensor is applicable to detect salmonella antigen in the concentration range of $10^1-10^5$ CFU/ml.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.321-327
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• 2015

Nocardia salmonicida is one of the main pathogens of fish nocardiosis. The purpose of this study was to build a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method for the rapid and sensitive detection of N. salmonicida. A set of four primers were designed from the 16S-23S rRNA intergenic spacer region of N. salmonicida, and conditions for LAMP were optimized as incubating all the reagents for 60 min at 64℃. LAMP products were judged with agar gel electrophoresis as well as with the naked eye after the addition of SYBR Green I. Results showed the sensitivity of the LAMP assay was 1.68 × 10³ CFU/ml (16.8 CFU per reaction) and 10-fold higher than that of PCR. The LAMP method was also effectively applied to detect N. salmonicida in diseased fish samples, and it may potentially facilitate the surveillance and early diagnosis of fish nocardiosis.

• Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.106-114
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• 1995

A method was developed to detect total mutagenicity of fried fish for S. typhimurium TA98, using Ames assay. Method described herein circumvented problems associated with the sample preparation for Ames assay, i.e., a multi-purification step of sample and interference with solvent residuals. Experiment A, the best method developed in the present study, consisted of two important steps: pH adjustment of the aqueous sample solution from fried fish samples to remove impurities, and simultaneous distillation extraction (SDE) for partially purified samples to remove volatile compounds from solvents. The procedure and results were described as below. Fillet of gizzard shad (Konosirus punctatus) fish sample fried for 10 min each side on the temperature-controlled fry-pan (210$\circ$C) was homogenized in an aqueous acidic solution (pH 2) with a homogenizer, followed by filtration through Celite. The tiltrate (pH 2), removed some impurities by extraction with chloroform:methanol (2:1, v/v) mixture, was adjusted pH to 10 and then centrifuged to remove precipitate. The ethylacetate extract from the tiltrate of pH 10 was rotoevaporated and purified by SDE apparatus for 2 hours. Experiment A revealed significantly higher revertants (1928 per 25 g fried sample) than other Experiment (B, C, or D) tested. Experiment A gave good results in the mutagenicity test of fried fish sample with few purification steps using only 25 g fried sample and 650 ml of solvents; and thus this method could be a useful tool for the screening the mutagenicity or antimutagenicity of other foods as well.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.252-256
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• 2000

The 16S-23S rRNA intergenic spacer regions (ISRs) were sequenced and analyzed to design specific primer for identification of Pectobacterium chrysanthemi. Two types ISRs, large and small ISRs, were identified from three strains (ATCC 11663, KACC 10163 and KACC 10165) of P. chrysanthemi and Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum ATCC 15713.Large ISRs contained transfer RNA-Ile(tRNA$^{Ile}$)and tRNA$^{Ala}$, and small ISRs contained tRNA$^{Glu}$. Size of the small ISRs of P. chrysanthemi ranged on 354-356 bp, while it was 451 bp in small ISR of P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum ATCC 15713. From hypervariable region of small ISRs, species-specific primer for P. chrysanthemi with 20 bp length (CHPG) was designed from hypervariable region of small ISRs, which was used as forward promer to detect P. chrysanthemi strains with R23-1R produced PCR product of about 260bp size (CHSF) only from P. chrysanthemi strains, not from other Pectobacterium spp. and Erwinia spp. Direct PCR from bacterial cell without extracting DNA successfully amplified a specific fragment, CHSF, from P. chrysanthemi ATCC 11663. The limit of PCR detection was 1${\pm}10^2$ cfu/ml.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.559-564
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• 1998

The polymerase chain reaction(PCR) assay was used for rapid diagnosis from blood and organ samples experimentally infected with Listeria monocytogenes. This method used a pair of primers based on a unique region in the 16S rRNA sequence of L monocytogenes. Procedure A was based on dilution of the blood sample followed by lysis of bacterial cell and direct analysis of the lysate with PCR. In artificially infected blood samples with L monocytogenes, it was possible to detect fewer than 40 cells per ml of blood. However, L monocytogenes was detected low rates on infected organs by the direct PCR. In procedure B, enrichment cultivation was used to increase numbers of bacteria before lysis and PCR. L monocytogenes was detected from 23 samples of 24 liver and spleen, respectively, and 18 samples of 24 blood were found to be positive by PCR on a subset of 72 organ samples, whereas L monocytogenes were detected on 63 organ samples in classical culture technique. It was required to analyze including enrichment steps were 6h and 18h on the procedure A and B, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.560-568
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• 1991

The simultaneous determination method which simply determined regulated pesticides was investigated. Sample was extracted with acetone-methanol and partitioned with methylene chloride after addition of saturated NaCl solution. Entract was purified by Bio-Beads S-X3 column using cyclohexane-methylene chloride (1 : 1) as eluate. The determination of pesticides was performed by BP-1 capillary column gas chromatography using ECD and NPD. The average recoveries of pesticides in rice and soy fbean were over 83% and 81%, respectively. It was possible to detect pesticides in rice up to 0.002 ppm by $\alpha-BHC$ and up to 0.05 ppm by carbaryl and in soy bean up to 0.01 ppm by ${\alpha}$-BHC and up to 0.3 ppm by carbaryl.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.569-573
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• 2010

A quantitative detection method for Salmonella in seafood was developed using a SYBR Green-based real-time PCR assay. The assay was developed using pure Salmonella DNA at different dilution levels [i.e., 1,000 to 2 genome equivalents (GE)]. The sensitivity of the real-time assay for Salmonella in seeded seafood samples was determined, and the minimum detection level was 20 CFU/g, whereas a detection level of 2 CFU/ml was obtained for pure culture in water with an efficiency of ${\geq}85%$. The real-time assay was evaluated in repeated experiments with seeded seafood samples and the regression coefficient ($R^2$) values were calculated. The performance of the real-time assay was further assessed with naturally contaminated seafood samples, where 4 out of 9 seafood samples tested positive for Salmonella and harbored cells <100 GE/g, which were not detected by direct plating on Salmonella Chromagar media. Thus, the method developed here will be useful for the rapid quantification of Salmonella in seafood, as the assay can be completed within 2-3 h. In addition, with the ability to detect a low number of Salmonella cells in seafood, this proposed method can be used to generate quantitative data on Salmonella in seafood, facilitating the implementation of control measures for Salmonella contamination in seafood at harvest and post-harvest levels.