• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.199-203
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• 1988

The authors observed functional change of the CBD and the afferent loop with the transit time of $^{99m}Tc-DISIDA$ scintigram in patients treated by the surgical operation of gastric ulcers and cancer at Busan National University Hospital from June, 1987 to April, 1988. So authors estimated the time between the peak activity of the CBD and the afferent loop (TCA), the half transit time of the CBD activity (t 1/2 CBD) and the half transit time of the afferent loop activity (t 1/2 A-loop) in 9 patients undergone truncal vagotomy, who have no specific symptoms at 2 to 6 months after the operation, 5 patients undergone the operation without truncal vagotomy, and 7 persons as a control group. The results were as follows: I) In control group, the mean TCA, t 1/2 CBD and t 1/2 duodenum were $8.6{\pm}9.0$ min, $38.7{\pm}17.3$ min. and $28.6{\pm}10.9$ min, respectively. 2) In the operation group without truncal vagotomy, the mean TCA, t 1/2 CBD and t 1/2 A-loop were $10.0{\pm}7.1$ min. $48.2{\pm}22.3$ min. and $39.4{\pm}26.7$ min. respectively. 3) In the operation group with truncal vagotomy, the mean TCA, t 1/2 CBD and t 1/2 A-loop were $15.0{\pm}8.7$ min., $36.1{\pm}16.5$ min. and $42.6{\pm}24.4$ min, respectively. From the above results, we concluded that the transit time of the CBD and the afferent loop is not affected by truncal vagotomy.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.43-51
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• 1996

This study was aimed to elucidate the changes in heart rate variability during treadmill exercise at various speeds and grades by spectral analysis. Thirty-three untrained male college students aged $20{\sim}26\;yr $were employed to exercise on a treadmill using 4 speeds (4.02, 5.47, 6.76 and 8.05 km/h) and 6 grades (0, 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20%). A fixed speed was selected for each session with the grade increased every 3 min. The electrocardiogram, respiration and the stepping activity were continuously recorded through an A/D converter system on the computer disk. Power spectra of heart rate variability (RRV) were obtained by use of a fast Fourier transform algorithm. The frequency domain was divided into 3 bands: $VLF\;(0{\sim}0.04\;Hz),\;LF\;(0.04 {\sim}0.15\;Hz)\;and\;HF\;(0.15{\sim}1.00\;Hz).$ Heart rate was $74.4{\pm}2.1\;beats/min$ at rest and showed a steady increase during treadmill exercise with increasing speed and grade up to $196.7{\pm}5.0\;beats/min.$ Total power of HRV was $35.0{\pm}6.7\;(beats/min)^{2}$ at rest and progressively decreased during exercise down to $1.9{\pm}0.3\;(beats/min)^{2}.$ The %VLF power of HRV was $34.5{\pm}3.7\; %$ at rest and showed no significant change during exercise except for a decrease observed at the highest intensity of exercise. The %LF power was $44.1{\pm}3.0\;%$ at rest and showed a progressive decrease down to $4.5{\pm}1.0\;%$ during those stages of exercise where heart rate was over 135 beats/min. The %HF power was $21.4{\pm}2.9\;%$ at rest and showed a progressive increase up to $87.1{\pm}6.7\;%$ during higher intensity exercise where heart rate was over 165 beats/min. Peak frequency of HF band was $0.200{\pm}0.018\;Hz$ at rest and was shifted to higher frequencies up to $0.909{\pm}0.048\;Hz$ at heart rates greater than 135 beats/min. Respiratory frequency was $18.0{\pm}1.5$ breaths/min at rest and significantly increased during exercise up to $53.0{\pm}3.7$ breaths/min. Stride frequency during treadmill exercise showed an increasing tendency with increasing speed from $55.6{\pm}0.9$ steps/min at 4.02 km/h to $81.2{\pm}0.6$ at 8.05 km/h. It was concluded that total power of HRV decreased progressively with increasing exercise intensity due to the withdrawal of parasympathetic activity. At higher exercise intensity, % LF power decreased and %HF power increased with its peak frequency shifted to higher values in a progressive mode with increasing speed and grade, reflecting a readjustment in the cardiovascular system and the increased respiration and its rate, respectively.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.8-11
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• 2008

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.521-529
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• 2000

본 연구는 조리조건별, 염농도별, 조리시간별로 차이가 있는 염건양태를 관능검사를 실시하여 그 상관관계를 분석, 염건양태의 최적 조리조건을 찾아내고자 한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 찌기의 각 관능검사 요소들간의 상관관계는 구수한 맛은 외양의 갈색정도, 익은 정도, 구수한 냄새와, 비린 맛은 비린내, 쓴맛과 양의 상관관계를 보여 비린맛이 강할수록 익은정도, 구수한 냄새, 갈색 등에 좋지 않은 영향을 미쳤고, 구수한 맛은 갈색과 익은 정도 및 부드러운 정도에는 5%의 유의적인 상관관계를 보였다. 2. 삶기의 각 관능검사 요소들간의 상관관계는 구수한 맛은 외양의 익은 정도와 구수한 냄새와, 비린맛은 비린내, 쓴맛, 아린맛과 양의 상관관계를 보였고, 구수한 맛은 익은 정도, 촉촉함, 구수한 냄새, 비린내에 대해 5%의 유의적인 상관관계를 나타내고 있다. 3. 굽기의 각 관능검사 요소들간의 상관관계는 구수한 맛은 구수한 냄새와 쫄깃한 조직감과, 비린맛은 비린내, 쓴맛, 퍼석함, 비린 후미,아린맛과 양의 상관관계를 보였고, 구수한 맛은 비린내, 구수한 냄새 및 쓴맛과 1%의 유의적인 상관관계를 나타내었다. 4. 표준조리법을 위한 정량적 묘사분석결과 찌기는 염도 6%의 염건양태를 5분, 삶기는 염도 6%의 염건양태를 10분간, 굽기는 6%의 염건양태를 10분 구운 것이 관능검사 결과 가장 좋다고 평가되었다. 조리조건 중 가장 기호도가 좋은 조리법은 굽기조리인 것으로 나타났다. 5. 염도별, 조리시간별 관능검사의 종합적 평가에서 2% 염건양태는 15분 조리시 삶기군 > 종합적인 조리평균 > 찌기군 > 굽기군의 순으로, 4% 염건양태는 5분 조리시 삶기군 > 찌기군 > 종합적인 조리평균 > 굽기군의 순으로, 6% 염건양태는 조리방법에 따라 비슷한 점수대를 나타내었다.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.317-323
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• 1993

This study was carried out to study effects of the addition level of acetamide and non-permeable cryoprotectants(Ficoll, sucrose) in VS(20% glycerol＋10% ethyleneglycol) and equilibration time on the survival of vitrified mouse morulae. The results are summarized as follows: 1. When 10, 15 and 20% of acetamide were added to the new vitrification solution(20G 10E), FDA-scores of embryos were 4.4(control), 4.4(10%), 3.6(15, 20%), respectively. The addition of acetamide did not affect the survival of forzen-thawed morulae(P<0.05). 2. The survival rate betwen 5 min(3.5) and 10 min(4.6), 10 min(4.6) and 20 min(3.2) of equilibration in 10% sucrose, and 20 min(3.2) and 5 min(4.0), or 10 min(4.3) in 20% sucrose were significantly different(P<0.05). The highest survival(4.6) rate was obtained in mouse morulae equilibrated in VS(20G 10E) containing 10% sucrose for 10 minutes. 3. FDA-score of morulae frozen in the new vitrification solution containing 0, 10, 20 and 30% Ficoll was 4.5, 4.2, 4.4 and 4.6, respectively and had no significant effect among concentrations of Ficoll(P>0.05). The development rate after culture(24h) was 89%(20% Ficoll) and 93%(30% Ficoll), respectively.

• 한국체육학회지인문사회과학편
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• 제51권3호
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• pp.373-382
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• 2012

본 연구의 목적은 신체변인과 최대하 대사반응을 이용하여 최대산소섭취량(VO₂max)을 간편하고 정확하게 추정하는 데 있다. 18~34세 남성 250명을 대상으로 추정집단(n=179)과 타당도 검증집단(n=71)으로 나누어 최대 운동부하검사를 실시하였으며 3분인 1단계와 6분인 2단계 종료 시점의 대사반응을 측정하였다. 추정 집단을 대상으로 단계선택법(stepwise method)으로 다중회귀분석 (multiple regression analysis)을 실시하였다. 단계별분석법으로 분석한 모형 1의 추정변인은 체중, 6분HR, 6분VO₂이고 R은 0.64(p<.01)이었으며 SEE와 CV는 각각 4.74, 11.7%로 나타났고(p<.01), 추정식은 VO₂max(ml/kg/min)= 72.256-0.340(Weight)-0.220(6분HR)+0.013(6분VO₂)이며 다중공선성이 나타나지 않았다. 모형 2의 추정변인은 체중, 6분HR, 6분VO₂, 6분VCO₂이고 R은 0.66(p<.01)이었으며 SEE와 CV는 각각 4.59, 11.3%로 나타났고(p<.01), 추정식은 VO₂max(ml/kg/min)= 68.699-0.277(Weight) -0.206(6분HR)+0.020(6분VO₂)-0.009(6분VCO₂)이며, 역시 다중공선성이 나타나지 않았다. 모형 1과 비교했을 때 모형 2는 상관이 더 높지만 다중공선성 측면에서는 다소 불리하게 나타났다. 모형 1과 모형 2를 교차타당도 검증집단에 적용했을 때, 측정된 VO₂max와 추정된 VO₂Max 간에 유의한 상관관계가 나타났다(R=0.53, 0.56, P<.001). 타당도 검증을 통해 유용성과 간편성을 고려하면, 본 연구에서 얻은 신체변인 및 최대하 대사반응을 이용한 추정모형들이 모두 사용가능하나 모형 2가 정확도 측면에서 다소 유리하다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.372-378
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• 1991

Some kinds of newer fluoroquinolone antibiotics are known to interact with theophylline, which is widely used as a potent bronchodilator in asthma or chronic obstructive lung disease. To evaluate the effect of enoxacin and ciprofloxacin on the metabolism of theophylline, aminophylline was administered intravenously in bolus (6 mg/kg) over 30 minutes to 6 healthy volunteers (age: $23.3{\pm}4.2$ year, body weight: $63.2{\pm}9.0\;kg$, height: $169.0{\pm}6.5\;cm$, female 3, male 3) before and after per oral 5-day medication of enoxacin and ciprofloxacin, respectively and we measured the level of theophylline in serum. The results were as follows: 1) Enoxacin and ciprofloxacin did not influence the volume of distribution significantly. 2) Enoxacin decreased the clearance of theophylline significantly (from $42.9{\pm}14.6\;ml/min$ to $30.1{\pm}6.3\;ml/min$: p<0.05), but ciprofloxacin did not cause significant decrease (to $32.8{\pm}6.2\;ml/min$: p>0.005). 3) Enoxacin increased the elimination half life of theophylline significantly (from $496{\pm}83\;min$ to $693{\pm}32\;min$: p<0.001), but ciprofloxacin did not cause significant increase (to $687{\pm}222\;min$: p>0.05). These results suggested that enoxacin influenced clearance and elimination half life significantly and thorough monitoring of the level of theophylline in patients with coadminstration of enoxacin and theophylline was necessary. In case of ciprofloxacin, the influence on the metabolism of theophylline was not statistically significant, but one exceptionally large decrease of the clearance and increase of the elimination halflife of theophylline suggested the necessity of monitoring of theophylline level during coadministration of ciprofloxacin and theophylline.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.443-449
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• 1997

Four-dimensional response surface methodology was applied to determine the optimum preparation conditions and to monitor sensory qualities of canned oyster mushroom during preparation. The optimum preparation conditions predicted for each corresponding sensory parameter of canned oyster mushroom were 181.29 g of oyster mushroom 205.36 ml of solution and 6.49min of roasting time for color, 214.01g, 195.79ml and 5.07min for appearance, 227.71g, 224.26ml and 6.50min for flavor, 250.30g, 183.63ml and 17.32min for taste, 211.59g, 178.21ml and 17.79min for mouth-feel, 249,.02g, 188.79ml and 17.80min for overall palatability of canned oyster mushroom, respectively. The optimum conditions, which satisfied with all sensory properties of canned oyster mushroom, were 240g, 200ml and 17min for content of oyster mushroom, content of solution and roasting time, respectively. Sensory scored predicted at the optimum conditions were in good agreement with experimental ones.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.127-134
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• 2017

본 연구는 2013년 번식기 동안 광주광역시에서 제비의 번식행동을 밝히기 위하여 이루어졌다. 오전시간에 영소 빈도는 14.2~31.0 trips/h 범위, 성별로는 수컷 10.2~19.8 trips/h, 암컷 4.0~11.4 trips/h을 보였다. 영소 시간은 7.6~15.9 min/h 범위였고, 성별로는 수컷 4.8~8.1 min/h, 암컷 2.8~8.0 min/h 으로 조사되었다. 한 회 영소 시간은 수컷 $26.1{\pm}15.5sec/trip$, 암컷 $40.0{\pm}27.9sec/trip$으로 암컷이 수컷보다 약 1.5배 길었다(p<0.001). 포란은 암컷이 전담하였으며, 6h에 $50.6{\pm}17.5min/h$ (84%), 7h에 24.5 min/h(40.8%)이었고, 그 이후로는 대략 15.6 min/h (26.0%)로 조사되었다. 주간시간 암컷의 포란시간은 시간대별로 고도로 유의한 차이를 보였으며(p<0.001), 6h의 포란시간은 다른 시간보다 특히 높은 것으로 나타났다. 암컷의 포란시간과 평균 기온간에는 유의한 음의 상관관계가 있었다(p<0.05). 주간시간에 급이 빈도는 총 $385.2{\pm}66.9trips/nest$, 성별로는 수컷 $219.2{\pm}37.1trips/nest$, 암컷 $166.0{\pm}30.8trips/nest$으로 나타났다. 시간당 급이 빈도는 $32.1{\pm}12.3trips/h$, 성별로는 수컷 $18.3{\pm}7.8trips/h$, 암컷 $14.3{\pm}4.5trips/h$ 이었다. 시간당 급이 빈도는 성별로 10h(p<0.05)와 15h(p<0.01)에서 유의한 차이가 있었다. 한 회 급이 시간은 수컷 $12.3{\pm}31.0sec/trip$, 암컷 $40.9{\pm}83.3sec/trip$로 암컷이 수컷보다 유의하게 투자하는 것으로 나타났다(p<0.001). 새끼의 배변 빈도는 $45.6{\pm}8.4times/nest$이었으며, 급이 빈도와 양의 상관관계를 보였다(p<0.05). 본 연구의 결과는 한국의 서식환경에 적응하여 번식하는 제비의 번식행동학적 정보를 이해하는데 도움이 될 것으로 판단된다.

• 공업화학
• /
• 제26권4호
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• pp.483-488
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 제주도에서 채집한 Hizikia fusiformis biochar를 이용하여 수용액 상에서 $Cr^{6+}$과 $As^{3+}$ 중금속의 흡착 특성을 평가하였다. $Cr^{6+}$과 $As^{3+}$ 흡착에 있어서 최적 pH는 각각 pH 2와 pH 6이었다. 동역학적 실험 결과, 대부분의 중금속이 처음 100 min 동안 흡착이 되었으며, 300 min 이후 평형에 도달하였다. 또한, 해초 biochar의 $Cr^{6+}$과 $As^{3+}$ 중금속 흡착은 유사 1차 모델과 2차 모델에서 모두 잘 부합하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 평형 흡착 실험 결과는 Langmuir 모델에 잘 부합했고, $Cr^{6+}$ (25.91 mg/g)이 $As^{3+}$ (16.54 mg/g)보다 흡착량이 높았다. 본 연구 결과를 통해, 오염된 환경에서 해초 biochar는 $Cr^{6+}$ 및 $As^{3+}$ 중금속의 효과적인 흡착제임을 보였다.